Gamil S. G. Zeedan, A. Abdalhamed, A. Naguib, S. Shalaby, Mona A. M. Awad, Mervat I. Abd El Moniem
Adenovirus vectors have been employed to develop a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for curtailing the Covid-19 pandemic spreading. Many different viral vectors have been mainly targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as an antigen. Spike (S) protein is comprised of S1 and S2 subunits, in which the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S1 is responsible for recognizing and engaging with its host cellular receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), S2 accounts for membrane fusion of virus and host cell. Chimpanzee adenovirus was also used as a vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 (ChAdSARS-CoV-2-S) by intramuscular injection, and intranasal administration has been tested. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines are the most advanced, with several vaccines receiving Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). It was shown that rhesus macaques were protected from SARS-CoV-2 challenge after a month of being vaccinated with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S. A single intranasal or two intramuscular ChAd-SARSCoV-2-S vaccines could induce humoral antibodies and T cell responses to protect the upper and lower respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2. As the effectiveness was demonstrated in non-human primates, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-Sa potential option for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. However, detecting novel more transmissible and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants added concerns about the vaccine efficacy and needs monitoring. Moreover, the cause of recently documented rare cases of vaccine indicated immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. This review article provided details for the adenovirus vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in humans and tried to provide solutions to the adenovirus vector hemagglutinin issue.
{"title":"An Overview of Adenovirus Vector-based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Gamil S. G. Zeedan, A. Abdalhamed, A. Naguib, S. Shalaby, Mona A. M. Awad, Mervat I. Abd El Moniem","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj2","url":null,"abstract":"Adenovirus vectors have been employed to develop a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for curtailing the Covid-19 pandemic spreading. Many different viral vectors have been mainly targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as an antigen. Spike (S) protein is comprised of S1 and S2 subunits, in which the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S1 is responsible for recognizing and engaging with its host cellular receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), S2 accounts for membrane fusion of virus and host cell. Chimpanzee adenovirus was also used as a vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 (ChAdSARS-CoV-2-S) by intramuscular injection, and intranasal administration has been tested. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines are the most advanced, with several vaccines receiving Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). It was shown that rhesus macaques were protected from SARS-CoV-2 challenge after a month of being vaccinated with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S. A single intranasal or two intramuscular ChAd-SARSCoV-2-S vaccines could induce humoral antibodies and T cell responses to protect the upper and lower respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2. As the effectiveness was demonstrated in non-human primates, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-Sa potential option for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. However, detecting novel more transmissible and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants added concerns about the vaccine efficacy and needs monitoring. Moreover, the cause of recently documented rare cases of vaccine indicated immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. This review article provided details for the adenovirus vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in humans and tried to provide solutions to the adenovirus vector hemagglutinin issue.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43659076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2023.wvj20
Nattanan Thuamsuwan, K. Chanachai, M. Ekgatat, P. Srisai, T. Prarakamawongsa, T. Rukkwamsuk
During 2012 - 2016, goat farms in Sing Buri province were growing rapidly with support from the Thai government. In the following three years (2017-2019), the analysis of brucellosis surveillance data indicated that the seropositivity of brucellosis in goats increased. Therefore, this study attempted to identify possible risk factors associated with brucellosis seropositivity in meat goats raised in Sing Buri province of Thailand. A case-control study was conducted in a random sampling of 72 goat farms in Sing Buri province, Thailand. Questionnaires were used to collect information regarding farm production types, husbandry, goat health management, grazing management, breeding, carcass management, and goat purchasing. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of Brucella seropositivity. Results revealed that the most frequent health complaint by the farmers was a stillbirth. Brucella seropositivity at the farm level was 26.4%. The two most probable risk factors for seropositivity included raising goats in a communal pasture and keeping goats with a history of clinical signs associated with brucellosis. In conclusion, approximately 25% of goat farms in Sing Buri province were infected by the bacteria genus Brucella. The farmers were recommended to attentively seek and cull for a brucellosis-suspected goat in their farms using clinical signs or symptoms together with active serosurveillance. Furthermore, communal pasture avoidance would also help prevent the goat from Brucella infection.
{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Brucellosis Seropositivity in Goat Farms of Sing Buri Province, Thailand","authors":"Nattanan Thuamsuwan, K. Chanachai, M. Ekgatat, P. Srisai, T. Prarakamawongsa, T. Rukkwamsuk","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj20","url":null,"abstract":"During 2012 - 2016, goat farms in Sing Buri province were growing rapidly with support from the Thai government. In the following three years (2017-2019), the analysis of brucellosis surveillance data indicated that the seropositivity of brucellosis in goats increased. Therefore, this study attempted to identify possible risk factors associated with brucellosis seropositivity in meat goats raised in Sing Buri province of Thailand. A case-control study was conducted in a random sampling of 72 goat farms in Sing Buri province, Thailand. Questionnaires were used to collect information regarding farm production types, husbandry, goat health management, grazing management, breeding, carcass management, and goat purchasing. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of Brucella seropositivity. Results revealed that the most frequent health complaint by the farmers was a stillbirth. Brucella seropositivity at the farm level was 26.4%. The two most probable risk factors for seropositivity included raising goats in a communal pasture and keeping goats with a history of clinical signs associated with brucellosis. In conclusion, approximately 25% of goat farms in Sing Buri province were infected by the bacteria genus Brucella. The farmers were recommended to attentively seek and cull for a brucellosis-suspected goat in their farms using clinical signs or symptoms together with active serosurveillance. Furthermore, communal pasture avoidance would also help prevent the goat from Brucella infection.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44769745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2023.wvj15
Aniek Prasetyaningsih, Y. K. Adi, Abner Amadeuz Wicaksono, V. C. Prakasita
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has become a major health problem worldwide. Reproductive dysfunction is one of the main complications of DM, particularly in men. However, as is known, shrimp shell extract contains nutrients, such as astaxanthin, that affect reproductive traits. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of shrimp shell extract on the volume, weight, and histological features of the testes of a DM rat model. Fifteen adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (n = 5) was a healthy control group, group B (n = 5) was a DM control group, and group C (n = 5) was a DM group treated with shrimp shell extract. Rats in groups B and C were treated with streptozotocin to induce DM. Rats in group C were given shrimp shell extract at 25 mg/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days after DM induction. Testicles were collected and submitted to dimension, weight, and histological examinations. The testicle volume and weight of rats in group C were significantly higher and heavier, respectively, than rats in group B and did not differ from rats in group A. The seminiferous tubule diameter of rats in group C was significantly larger than rats in group B and did not differ from rats in group A. Rats in group B had a lower testicle volume and lighter testicle weight as well as a shorter seminiferous tubule diameter than rats in groups A and C. In conclusion, shrimp shell extract could improve male fertility parameters in a DM rat model. However, the mechanism of action needs to be studied further.
{"title":"The Effect of Shrimp Shell (Litopenaeus vannamei) Extract on Testicular Parameters of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Aniek Prasetyaningsih, Y. K. Adi, Abner Amadeuz Wicaksono, V. C. Prakasita","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj15","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has become a major health problem worldwide. Reproductive dysfunction is one of the main complications of DM, particularly in men. However, as is known, shrimp shell extract contains nutrients, such as astaxanthin, that affect reproductive traits. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of shrimp shell extract on the volume, weight, and histological features of the testes of a DM rat model. Fifteen adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (n = 5) was a healthy control group, group B (n = 5) was a DM control group, and group C (n = 5) was a DM group treated with shrimp shell extract. Rats in groups B and C were treated with streptozotocin to induce DM. Rats in group C were given shrimp shell extract at 25 mg/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days after DM induction. Testicles were collected and submitted to dimension, weight, and histological examinations. The testicle volume and weight of rats in group C were significantly higher and heavier, respectively, than rats in group B and did not differ from rats in group A. The seminiferous tubule diameter of rats in group C was significantly larger than rats in group B and did not differ from rats in group A. Rats in group B had a lower testicle volume and lighter testicle weight as well as a shorter seminiferous tubule diameter than rats in groups A and C. In conclusion, shrimp shell extract could improve male fertility parameters in a DM rat model. However, the mechanism of action needs to be studied further.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45856045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chanthala Laxaphakdy, atesada Jiwakanon, S. Supankong, P. Papirom, irisak Tanpong, S. Porntrakulpipat
Antibiotics have been widely used to control and treat infections caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) in weaned pigs. The bacteria resistance to antibiotics can occur naturally; however, the misuse of antibiotics can accelerate this resistance. New antibiotics are developed very slowly, and only two new classes of antibiotics have been developed in the past 40 years. This makes herbal medicine a promising method for fighting against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the current study, 25 male crossbred (Duroc x Landrace x Large white) weaned piglets with an average weight of 6-8 kg were examined for 24 days. The pigs were randomly assigned to five groups in a completely randomized design with five replicates (1 pig/pen). All treatments included 20% crude protein corn-soybean as the basal diet. The negative control group received no supplementation, while pigs in the second experimental group received a basal diet supplemented with 150 ppm colistin sulfate. Basal diet and herbal mixture (Andrographis paniculata, Zingiber cassumunar, and Garcinia mangostana) were fed to three other experimental groups at 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm. The F18-positive, colistin-resistant E. coli were orally inoculated to all pigs for 9 days. The antibacterial and anti-diarrheal effects of this diet and its effect on the inoculated pigs’ intestinal villi were evaluated. The results indicated that supplementation of this herbal mixture at levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm had antibacterial effects, with no significant difference between doses. However, the positive effects of this herbal mixture on intestinal villi height and diarrhea were found only in pigs that received 1000 and 2000 ppm of the herbal mixture. From a practical point of view, supplementation of this herbal mixture at 500 and 1000 ppm could be applied for prophylaxis during the weaning period, whereas 2000 ppm of the herbal mixture could be used for the treatment of postweaning E. coli diarrhea.
{"title":"The Effects of Grounded Herbs on the Intestinal Villus Height and Shedding of F18-positive Escherichia coli in Weaned Pigs","authors":"Chanthala Laxaphakdy, atesada Jiwakanon, S. Supankong, P. Papirom, irisak Tanpong, S. Porntrakulpipat","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj8","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics have been widely used to control and treat infections caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) in weaned pigs. The bacteria resistance to antibiotics can occur naturally; however, the misuse of antibiotics can accelerate this resistance. New antibiotics are developed very slowly, and only two new classes of antibiotics have been developed in the past 40 years. This makes herbal medicine a promising method for fighting against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the current study, 25 male crossbred (Duroc x Landrace x Large white) weaned piglets with an average weight of 6-8 kg were examined for 24 days. The pigs were randomly assigned to five groups in a completely randomized design with five replicates (1 pig/pen). All treatments included 20% crude protein corn-soybean as the basal diet. The negative control group received no supplementation, while pigs in the second experimental group received a basal diet supplemented with 150 ppm colistin sulfate. Basal diet and herbal mixture (Andrographis paniculata, Zingiber cassumunar, and Garcinia mangostana) were fed to three other experimental groups at 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm. The F18-positive, colistin-resistant E. coli were orally inoculated to all pigs for 9 days. The antibacterial and anti-diarrheal effects of this diet and its effect on the inoculated pigs’ intestinal villi were evaluated. The results indicated that supplementation of this herbal mixture at levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm had antibacterial effects, with no significant difference between doses. However, the positive effects of this herbal mixture on intestinal villi height and diarrhea were found only in pigs that received 1000 and 2000 ppm of the herbal mixture. From a practical point of view, supplementation of this herbal mixture at 500 and 1000 ppm could be applied for prophylaxis during the weaning period, whereas 2000 ppm of the herbal mixture could be used for the treatment of postweaning E. coli diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2023.wvj23
Khuzama Albahrani, Jumanah Alessa, Baraa Falemban, M. Alkuwayti, J. Hussen
Neutrophilic granulocytes are vital immune cells of the early response to pathogens. They contribute to the antimicrobial response through phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, cytokine production, degranulation, and NET-formation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), also known as NETosis, are a critical antibacterial effector mechanism of cells of myeloid effector cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate pathogen sensing through the recognition of microbial structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The present study aimed to investigate the potential of several TLR ligands that mimic the sensing of bacterial and viral pathogens to stimulate NET-formation or Ca2+ influx in camel neutrophils. Neutrophils were purified from blood and were stimulated in vitro with ligands to TLR4, TLR2/1, TLR7/8, or TLR3. Net-formation was analyzed using the DNA-sensitive dye SYTOX™ Green and staining with antibodies to the neutrophil's granular enzyme myeloperoxidase. Real-time stimulation-induced Ca2+ influx was measured using the Ca2+-sensitive dye Flou-4 and flow cytometry. Only the TLR4-ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce NET-formation in camel neutrophils, while none of the investigated TLR agonists showed a Ca2+ influx-inducing effect in camel neutrophils. The current study represents the first report on the impact of direct activation of TLR on NET-formation and Ca2+ influx in camel neutrophils with a selective effect of LPS on NET-formation induction. Future studies may investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the different responsiveness of bovine and camel neutrophils to TLR stimulation.
{"title":"NETosis and Calcium influx in Dromedary Camel Neutrophils after in vitro Toll-like Receptor Stimulation","authors":"Khuzama Albahrani, Jumanah Alessa, Baraa Falemban, M. Alkuwayti, J. Hussen","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj23","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophilic granulocytes are vital immune cells of the early response to pathogens. They contribute to the antimicrobial response through phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, cytokine production, degranulation, and NET-formation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), also known as NETosis, are a critical antibacterial effector mechanism of cells of myeloid effector cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate pathogen sensing through the recognition of microbial structures known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The present study aimed to investigate the potential of several TLR ligands that mimic the sensing of bacterial and viral pathogens to stimulate NET-formation or Ca2+ influx in camel neutrophils. Neutrophils were purified from blood and were stimulated in vitro with ligands to TLR4, TLR2/1, TLR7/8, or TLR3. Net-formation was analyzed using the DNA-sensitive dye SYTOX™ Green and staining with antibodies to the neutrophil's granular enzyme myeloperoxidase. Real-time stimulation-induced Ca2+ influx was measured using the Ca2+-sensitive dye Flou-4 and flow cytometry. Only the TLR4-ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could induce NET-formation in camel neutrophils, while none of the investigated TLR agonists showed a Ca2+ influx-inducing effect in camel neutrophils. The current study represents the first report on the impact of direct activation of TLR on NET-formation and Ca2+ influx in camel neutrophils with a selective effect of LPS on NET-formation induction. Future studies may investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the different responsiveness of bovine and camel neutrophils to TLR stimulation.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41425406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basma M. Hamed, Mona I. Elenbaawy, Hossam Mahmoud, E. Ragab
Besides its zoonotic importance, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes substantial financial losses in the poultry industry globally. The progress of antimicrobial resistance in APEC is mainly associated with excessive antimicrobial use and improper sanitation. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the VITEK system has developed into the VITEK 2 system, which has used an automated system to perform all the steps required for microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility rapidly and accurately. The present study aimed to update the available circulating data about APEC isolates by phenotypic identification, sero-grouping of APEC from broilers chickens and breeders in five governates of Egypt, investigation of their antibiotic resistance pattern by VITEK 2 system, and molecular identification of their virulence determinants. The prevalence of APEC isolated from the different internal organs (liver, lung, heart, heart blood, and spleen) was 67.5%. The most prevalent serotypes were O125, 0114, O44, O127, O142, and O78. Virulence-associated genes (iutA, fimC, and papC) were detected at rates of 84.4%, 74%, and 54.8%, respectively. The highest resistance was found against ampicillin (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80%), and ampicillin-sulbactam (78.5%), which indicates that the poultry farms need a surveillance and intervention system with proper accuracy and rapidity to prevent the misuse of antibiotics and APEC outbreaks.
{"title":"Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Virulence Determinants in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Egypt","authors":"Basma M. Hamed, Mona I. Elenbaawy, Hossam Mahmoud, E. Ragab","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj9","url":null,"abstract":"Besides its zoonotic importance, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes substantial financial losses in the poultry industry globally. The progress of antimicrobial resistance in APEC is mainly associated with excessive antimicrobial use and improper sanitation. Since its beginning in the 1970s, the VITEK system has developed into the VITEK 2 system, which has used an automated system to perform all the steps required for microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility rapidly and accurately. The present study aimed to update the available circulating data about APEC isolates by phenotypic identification, sero-grouping of APEC from broilers chickens and breeders in five governates of Egypt, investigation of their antibiotic resistance pattern by VITEK 2 system, and molecular identification of their virulence determinants. The prevalence of APEC isolated from the different internal organs (liver, lung, heart, heart blood, and spleen) was 67.5%. The most prevalent serotypes were O125, 0114, O44, O127, O142, and O78. Virulence-associated genes (iutA, fimC, and papC) were detected at rates of 84.4%, 74%, and 54.8%, respectively. The highest resistance was found against ampicillin (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80%), and ampicillin-sulbactam (78.5%), which indicates that the poultry farms need a surveillance and intervention system with proper accuracy and rapidity to prevent the misuse of antibiotics and APEC outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49314249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soheil Sadr, Zahra Yousefsani, Pouria Ahmadi Simab, had Jafari Rahbar Alizadeh, A. Lotfalizadeh, H. Borji
Due to the limited success of therapeutic strategies in treating tumors, a new practical potent approach is needed. This review aimed to investigate previous literature related to tumors and Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). In recent years, there has been growing interest in utilizing biological, viral, bacterial, yeast, and parasitic agents to cure cancers. According to several studies, some parasites could interferee with the tumors’ growth. There has been much discussion about some parasites’ applications to cure tumors in animals and humans. In studies, T. spiralis was found to have antitumor properties. The active proteins in T. spiralis, such as Caveolin-1, Heat shock proteins, and Ribosomal proteins, are thought to inhibit the growth of cancers, such as melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma, leukemia, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, these proteins are thought to induce apoptosis in specific neoplastic cells. Accordingly, antigens derived from parasites may be helpful in cancer immunotherapy. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding Trichinella spiralis’ potential use as a biotherapy agent against cancer. Future studies should focus on the purification of parasite antigens and their use for wider-scale trials in animal models.
{"title":"Trichinella spiralis as a Potential Antitumor Agent: An Update","authors":"Soheil Sadr, Zahra Yousefsani, Pouria Ahmadi Simab, had Jafari Rahbar Alizadeh, A. Lotfalizadeh, H. Borji","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj7","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the limited success of therapeutic strategies in treating tumors, a new practical potent approach is needed. This review aimed to investigate previous literature related to tumors and Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). In recent years, there has been growing interest in utilizing biological, viral, bacterial, yeast, and parasitic agents to cure cancers. According to several studies, some parasites could interferee with the tumors’ growth. There has been much discussion about some parasites’ applications to cure tumors in animals and humans. In studies, T. spiralis was found to have antitumor properties. The active proteins in T. spiralis, such as Caveolin-1, Heat shock proteins, and Ribosomal proteins, are thought to inhibit the growth of cancers, such as melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma, leukemia, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, these proteins are thought to induce apoptosis in specific neoplastic cells. Accordingly, antigens derived from parasites may be helpful in cancer immunotherapy. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding Trichinella spiralis’ potential use as a biotherapy agent against cancer. Future studies should focus on the purification of parasite antigens and their use for wider-scale trials in animal models.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48257465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2023.wvj18
D. Mosalagae, K. Mogotsi, Innocent Moagisi Ithuteng, Onkemetse Basinyi, D. Pfukenyi
Generally, high mortalities of dairy cattle due to infectious and non-infectious diseases cause huge economic losses, unprofitability, and low productivity in the dairy industry. The present study aimed at determining the mortality rates, their causes, and risk factors among 1779 cattle at two dairy farms belonging to the Department of Agricultural Research, Botswana. An 8-year retrospective study was conducted using farm records during 2005-2012. Monthly and annual records of the farms were examined regarding the total dairy cattle population, sex, breed, age, cattle deaths, and causes of death. Mortality was calculated from the total cattle population and expressed as a percentage, and it was analyzed with respect to farm, breed, age, sex, year, season, and mortality causes. The overall mortality rate was 8.5%. The semi-intensively managed Farm II, as well as young stock (<12 months old), and males recorded significantly higher mortalities than their counterparts. Dairy crosses of pure exotic and indigenous Tswana cattle had higher mortalities than the Friesians and Jerseys, and the wet season accounted for over 70% of the total deaths. Only two years (2010 and 2012) out of the 8-year study period had a mortality rate < 5%. Notably, 28.1 % of mortalities with a known cause were due to heartwater disease (n = 57), but most deaths (62.3%) were due to unknown causes. In conclusion, to improve farm herd health and husbandry practices, more efforts should be devoted to preventing heartwater and mortalities in young stock and male animals, particularly during the hot-wet season.
{"title":"A Retrospective Study on Dairy Cattle Mortality Patterns in Two Farms of South-eastern Botswana","authors":"D. Mosalagae, K. Mogotsi, Innocent Moagisi Ithuteng, Onkemetse Basinyi, D. Pfukenyi","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj18","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, high mortalities of dairy cattle due to infectious and non-infectious diseases cause huge economic losses, unprofitability, and low productivity in the dairy industry. The present study aimed at determining the mortality rates, their causes, and risk factors among 1779 cattle at two dairy farms belonging to the Department of Agricultural Research, Botswana. An 8-year retrospective study was conducted using farm records during 2005-2012. Monthly and annual records of the farms were examined regarding the total dairy cattle population, sex, breed, age, cattle deaths, and causes of death. Mortality was calculated from the total cattle population and expressed as a percentage, and it was analyzed with respect to farm, breed, age, sex, year, season, and mortality causes. The overall mortality rate was 8.5%. The semi-intensively managed Farm II, as well as young stock (<12 months old), and males recorded significantly higher mortalities than their counterparts. Dairy crosses of pure exotic and indigenous Tswana cattle had higher mortalities than the Friesians and Jerseys, and the wet season accounted for over 70% of the total deaths. Only two years (2010 and 2012) out of the 8-year study period had a mortality rate < 5%. Notably, 28.1 % of mortalities with a known cause were due to heartwater disease (n = 57), but most deaths (62.3%) were due to unknown causes. In conclusion, to improve farm herd health and husbandry practices, more efforts should be devoted to preventing heartwater and mortalities in young stock and male animals, particularly during the hot-wet season.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43153607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.54203/scil.2023.wvj21
R. Merati, Abdellatif Boudra
Salmonellosis is a significant public health problem worldwide. The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in commercial eggs of Tiaret province, Algeria, and evaluate the susceptibility of isolated strains to different antimicrobial agents. A total of 180 commercial eggs collected from various retail outlets (groceries, butchers, wholesalers, street vendors) were analyzed by conventional methods, and 13 Salmonella spp. isolates were tested on a panel of 7 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. Of 180 chicken egg content samples examined, the findings indicated that 13 (7.22%) were positive for Salmonella spp. Regarding the collection site, 2 (1.11%), 4 (2.22%), and 7 (3.88%) of Salmonella spp. isolates were detected from butchers, wholesalers, and street vendors, respectively. Most antibiotic discs have demonstrated widespread resistance with an incidence rate of 100%, including amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and erythromycin. However, colistin sulfate, gentamycin, and tetracycline were more effective against Salmonella isolates. It can be concluded that the highest detection rate of Salmonella spp. was observed for street vendors, and the highest resistance was recorded for commonly used antibiotics in poultry production.
{"title":"Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp. Isolated From Commercial Eggs in Tiaret Province, Algeria","authors":"R. Merati, Abdellatif Boudra","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj21","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonellosis is a significant public health problem worldwide. The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in commercial eggs of Tiaret province, Algeria, and evaluate the susceptibility of isolated strains to different antimicrobial agents. A total of 180 commercial eggs collected from various retail outlets (groceries, butchers, wholesalers, street vendors) were analyzed by conventional methods, and 13 Salmonella spp. isolates were tested on a panel of 7 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. Of 180 chicken egg content samples examined, the findings indicated that 13 (7.22%) were positive for Salmonella spp. Regarding the collection site, 2 (1.11%), 4 (2.22%), and 7 (3.88%) of Salmonella spp. isolates were detected from butchers, wholesalers, and street vendors, respectively. Most antibiotic discs have demonstrated widespread resistance with an incidence rate of 100%, including amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and erythromycin. However, colistin sulfate, gentamycin, and tetracycline were more effective against Salmonella isolates. It can be concluded that the highest detection rate of Salmonella spp. was observed for street vendors, and the highest resistance was recorded for commonly used antibiotics in poultry production.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45555395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most prevalent fatal disease in poultry that can result in high morbidity and mortality is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), subtype H5N1. A vaccination program is the most frequent way to prevent HPAI cases in poultry, especially against the H5 subtype of HPAI. There are currently a number of avian influenza vaccines available, including recombinant and inactivated whole virus vaccines. The foundation of a recombinant vaccine is possible by the expression of an avian influenza gene of interest following insertion into a carrier vector (no pathogenic virus). A recombinant HPAI vaccine is required to further challenge avian influenza cases in poultry. As a recombinant vaccine inserted into a carrier vector, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene has proven effective. The recombinant Herpes Virus Turkey (rHVT) vector vaccine for avian influenza has been discovered and is commercially available. The rHVT vaccine was developed using a hemagglutinin insert from the HPAI virus clade 2.2. Overall, studies in this review aimed to determine the efficacy of any developed recombinant avian influenza vaccine that uses the HA gene from different clades challenged with any avian influenza virus (AIV) isolate. It was found that the efficacy of hemagglutinin as a recombinant vaccine could be promising for future HPAI vaccine development. In addition, it is possible to design a recombinant vaccine using local isolates to protect poultry farms, particularly in endemic regions.
{"title":"Efficacy of Hemagglutinin Gene of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Vaccine Candidate in Poultry: A Review","authors":"Armanda Dwi Prayugo, T. Subroto, W. Arnafia","doi":"10.54203/scil.2023.wvj3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2023.wvj3","url":null,"abstract":"The most prevalent fatal disease in poultry that can result in high morbidity and mortality is highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), subtype H5N1. A vaccination program is the most frequent way to prevent HPAI cases in poultry, especially against the H5 subtype of HPAI. There are currently a number of avian influenza vaccines available, including recombinant and inactivated whole virus vaccines. The foundation of a recombinant vaccine is possible by the expression of an avian influenza gene of interest following insertion into a carrier vector (no pathogenic virus). A recombinant HPAI vaccine is required to further challenge avian influenza cases in poultry. As a recombinant vaccine inserted into a carrier vector, the hemagglutinin (HA) gene has proven effective. The recombinant Herpes Virus Turkey (rHVT) vector vaccine for avian influenza has been discovered and is commercially available. The rHVT vaccine was developed using a hemagglutinin insert from the HPAI virus clade 2.2. Overall, studies in this review aimed to determine the efficacy of any developed recombinant avian influenza vaccine that uses the HA gene from different clades challenged with any avian influenza virus (AIV) isolate. It was found that the efficacy of hemagglutinin as a recombinant vaccine could be promising for future HPAI vaccine development. In addition, it is possible to design a recombinant vaccine using local isolates to protect poultry farms, particularly in endemic regions.","PeriodicalId":52153,"journal":{"name":"World''s Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44109092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：