Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.17
Simeng Li, Liang Hao, Qiaoyu Chen, Lu Zhang, Ping Gong, Zhaohui Huang, D. Huang, P. Nie, Hua Dong
At the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries lacked personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect healthcare workers. To address this problem, open design and 3D printing technologies were adopted to provide much-in-need PPEs for key workers. This paper reports an initiative by designers and engineers in the UK and China. The case study approach and content analysis method were used to study the stakeholders, the design process, and other relevant issues such as regulation. Good practice and lessons were summarised, and suggestions for using distributed 3D printing to supply PPEs were made. It concludes that 3D printing has played an important role in producing PPEs when there was a shortage of supply, and distributed manufacturing has the potential to quickly respond to local small-bench production needs. In the future, clearer specification, better match of demands and supply, and quicker evaluation against relevant regulations will provide efficiency and quality assurance for 3D printed PPE supplies.
{"title":"Open Design and 3D Printing of Face Shields: The Case Study of a UK-China Initiative","authors":"Simeng Li, Liang Hao, Qiaoyu Chen, Lu Zhang, Ping Gong, Zhaohui Huang, D. Huang, P. Nie, Hua Dong","doi":"10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.17","url":null,"abstract":"At the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries lacked personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect healthcare workers. To address this problem, open design and 3D printing technologies were adopted to provide much-in-need PPEs for key workers. This paper reports an initiative by designers and engineers in the UK and China. The case study approach and content analysis method were used to study the stakeholders, the design process, and other relevant issues such as regulation. Good practice and lessons were summarised, and suggestions for using distributed 3D printing to supply PPEs were made. It concludes that 3D printing has played an important role in producing PPEs when there was a shortage of supply, and distributed manufacturing has the potential to quickly respond to local small-bench production needs. In the future, clearer specification, better match of demands and supply, and quicker evaluation against relevant regulations will provide efficiency and quality assurance for 3D printed PPE supplies.","PeriodicalId":52184,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Design Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"511-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44907410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.01
E. Rossi, Massimo Di Nicolantonio, F. Ceschin, G. Mincolelli, A. Santos, C. Kohtala, Edu Jacques, C. Cipolla, E. Manzini
This is a landmark publication for the field of design. It was catalysed by unprecedentedcircumstances, as designers around the world had to rapidly deploy their competencies instrategic problem-solving to help humanity in the fight against an invisible enemy during aglobal pandemic. In alliance with other disciplines, from medicine to mechanical engineering,from computing to anthropology, designers everywhere have addressed the challenges andproduced remarkable results through a diversity of initiatives. This Special Issue presents apeer-reviewed sample of these initiatives.
{"title":"Design Contributions for the COVID-19 Global Emergency (Part 1): Empirical Approaches and First Solutions","authors":"E. Rossi, Massimo Di Nicolantonio, F. Ceschin, G. Mincolelli, A. Santos, C. Kohtala, Edu Jacques, C. Cipolla, E. Manzini","doi":"10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.01","url":null,"abstract":"This is a landmark publication for the field of design. It was catalysed by unprecedentedcircumstances, as designers around the world had to rapidly deploy their competencies instrategic problem-solving to help humanity in the fight against an invisible enemy during aglobal pandemic. In alliance with other disciplines, from medicine to mechanical engineering,from computing to anthropology, designers everywhere have addressed the challenges andproduced remarkable results through a diversity of initiatives. This Special Issue presents apeer-reviewed sample of these initiatives.","PeriodicalId":52184,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Design Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44949982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.4013/sdrj.2020.133.22
Nuno Bernardo, E. Duarte
Amidst the COVID-19, the use of technology in the learning environment was no longer a matter of choice. Forced by circumstance, educators had to adapt in order to see the academic year through. While for some, already used to an online modality, it was business as always, for others was the start of a journey through unfamiliar territory. This study inserts itself in such context. It presents and discusses results gathered through an online questionnaire about the perceptions and personal experiences of design educators in Higher Education (HE) caught in this move from in-class face-to-face onto online teaching. Objectively, it portrays how this shift impacted their ability to teach, the compromises made or alternatives sought, and views towards a more technologically enabled future in HE. From a more extensive reliance on Learning Management Systems (LMS), changes in the learning environment, and perspectives of near-future uses of Virtual Reality (VR) in distance education, this study covers uses of technology but also the identification of pain points influencing the overall experience, as well as positive perceptions and significant changes made to the learning environment.
{"title":"Design, education, and the online tech-pandemic","authors":"Nuno Bernardo, E. Duarte","doi":"10.4013/sdrj.2020.133.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2020.133.22","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst the COVID-19, the use of technology in the learning environment was no longer a matter of choice. Forced by circumstance, educators had to adapt in order to see the academic year through. While for some, already used to an online modality, it was business as always, for others was the start of a journey through unfamiliar territory. This study inserts itself in such context. It presents and discusses results gathered through an online questionnaire about the perceptions and personal experiences of design educators in Higher Education (HE) caught in this move from in-class face-to-face onto online teaching. Objectively, it portrays how this shift impacted their ability to teach, the compromises made or alternatives sought, and views towards a more technologically enabled future in HE. From a more extensive reliance on Learning Management Systems (LMS), changes in the learning environment, and perspectives of near-future uses of Virtual Reality (VR) in distance education, this study covers uses of technology but also the identification of pain points influencing the overall experience, as well as positive perceptions and significant changes made to the learning environment.","PeriodicalId":52184,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Design Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"577-585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48172595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.19
M. Piccoli, Leonardo Barili Brandi, Vinícius Kruger da Costa, Eric Vellar Gomes, Juliana Da Costa Bório, Camila Brodt, Vitória Ritter, Tamires Ramos Aldrighi
In the emergency scenario generated by COVID-19 pandemic, the development of fast solutions to reduce the contagious curve can mean saving lives. Democratic access to prevention methods is essential, especially in places with high exposure to contamination and whose activities have not been interrupted, such as public transportation. This work presents the development of a hand sanitizer dispenser for public transportation and other possible locations in the urban environment, designed during an online marathon. The focus is on the development of the Design Sprint method and its adaptations to fit the remote work and other constraints due social distance. The final product was designed to be produced by 3D printing and open design, to fast distribution and replication. It fits in the bus's handrails, with some positioning possibilities and the use of PET bottles as alcohol containers. As a result, the paper highlights the particularities of agile methods for the design process at a distance and demonstrates that the process used allows for quickly responding to solutions for emerging needs.
{"title":"Design in emergency scenario: project of a hand sanitizer dispenser in public transport using Design Sprint method","authors":"M. Piccoli, Leonardo Barili Brandi, Vinícius Kruger da Costa, Eric Vellar Gomes, Juliana Da Costa Bório, Camila Brodt, Vitória Ritter, Tamires Ramos Aldrighi","doi":"10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.19","url":null,"abstract":"In the emergency scenario generated by COVID-19 pandemic, the development of fast solutions to reduce the contagious curve can mean saving lives. Democratic access to prevention methods is essential, especially in places with high exposure to contamination and whose activities have not been interrupted, such as public transportation. This work presents the development of a hand sanitizer dispenser for public transportation and other possible locations in the urban environment, designed during an online marathon. The focus is on the development of the Design Sprint method and its adaptations to fit the remote work and other constraints due social distance. The final product was designed to be produced by 3D printing and open design, to fast distribution and replication. It fits in the bus's handrails, with some positioning possibilities and the use of PET bottles as alcohol containers. As a result, the paper highlights the particularities of agile methods for the design process at a distance and demonstrates that the process used allows for quickly responding to solutions for emerging needs.","PeriodicalId":52184,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Design Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"538-551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46283212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.18
Cesar Garcia Saez, David Cuartielles
At the first signs of the Covid-19 pandemic, the uncertainty around the global stock of medical supplies sparked a response in the DIY communities around the world. In the case of Spain, a community called Coronavirus Makers (CVM) emerged to supply ventilators and personal protection equipment (PPE) to hospitals and people in need. This paper explores the evolution of this community-driven development, detailing the patterns proposed by members of the group acting as design experts to tackle different problems. More specifically the paper uses face shields, the most produced PPE in Spain, as a boundary object to highlight the relationships amongst individuals, institutions, and companies. The objects of design, since they fall in the specific category of devices for medical use, have to overcome validation at the technical level. Authors will also explore some of the controversies surrounding the transfer of these products from horizontal innovation networks to traditional production companies.
{"title":"Makers against Covid-19: Face shields as the international solidarity KPI","authors":"Cesar Garcia Saez, David Cuartielles","doi":"10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.18","url":null,"abstract":"At the first signs of the Covid-19 pandemic, the uncertainty around the global stock of medical supplies sparked a response in the DIY communities around the world. In the case of Spain, a community called Coronavirus Makers (CVM) emerged to supply ventilators and personal protection equipment (PPE) to hospitals and people in need. This paper explores the evolution of this community-driven development, detailing the patterns proposed by members of the group acting as design experts to tackle different problems. More specifically the paper uses face shields, the most produced PPE in Spain, as a boundary object to highlight the relationships amongst individuals, institutions, and companies. The objects of design, since they fall in the specific category of devices for medical use, have to overcome validation at the technical level. Authors will also explore some of the controversies surrounding the transfer of these products from horizontal innovation networks to traditional production companies.","PeriodicalId":52184,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Design Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"525-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-23DOI: 10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.06
Gheysa Caroline Prado, Felipe Dalla Pria Leme, Letícia Zem Messias, Nathan Samuel da Costa Miranda, Rafaella de Bona Gonçalves
This case study aimed at mapping initiatives of social innovation that have promoted positive social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. To this end, information about the actions and their developers were collected online and further described using the forms "Light Format" and "In-Depth Format", from the toolkit developed by the Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability (DESIS) Network. In addition, interviews with the people involved in the projects were carried out in order to obtain further details. From the promising cases mapped, 15 were selected and categorized according to their field, coverage area and target. Finally, the initiatives were assessed based on the concepts of design for social innovation (Manzini, 2008) and design activism (Fuad Luke, 2009; Thorpe, 2012). The analysis showed that whether the actions proposed had the design framework conceptions as a theoretical basis or not, the projects indeed adopted design strategies to reach their goals, leading to positive impact in the social, economic and environmental areas and thus promoted positive social capital.
{"title":"Strategies of design for social innovation and design activism in the promotion of positive social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.","authors":"Gheysa Caroline Prado, Felipe Dalla Pria Leme, Letícia Zem Messias, Nathan Samuel da Costa Miranda, Rafaella de Bona Gonçalves","doi":"10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4013/SDRJ.2020.133.06","url":null,"abstract":"This case study aimed at mapping initiatives of social innovation that have promoted positive social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. To this end, information about the actions and their developers were collected online and further described using the forms \"Light Format\" and \"In-Depth Format\", from the toolkit developed by the Design for Social Innovation and Sustainability (DESIS) Network. In addition, interviews with the people involved in the projects were carried out in order to obtain further details. From the promising cases mapped, 15 were selected and categorized according to their field, coverage area and target. Finally, the initiatives were assessed based on the concepts of design for social innovation (Manzini, 2008) and design activism (Fuad Luke, 2009; Thorpe, 2012). The analysis showed that whether the actions proposed had the design framework conceptions as a theoretical basis or not, the projects indeed adopted design strategies to reach their goals, leading to positive impact in the social, economic and environmental areas and thus promoted positive social capital.","PeriodicalId":52184,"journal":{"name":"Strategic Design Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"364-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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