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On the Problem of Stability of Small Objects by the Example of Molecular Dynamics Models of Metal Nanoparticles and Nanosystems 以金属纳米粒子和纳米系统的分子动力学模型为例,论小物体的稳定性问题
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23601191
V. M. Samsonov, N. Yu. Sdobnyakov, A. Yu. Kolosov, S. S. Bogdanov, I. V. Talyzin, S. A. Vasilyev, K. G. Savina, V. V. Puytov, A. N. Bazulev

After briefly discussing the problem of stability/instability of dispersed systems in colloid chemistry, including ideas and concepts dating back to P.A. Rehbinder, the following classification has been proposed for instabilities of individual (free) nanoparticles: (1) instability with respect to the spontaneous disintegration into individual molecules (atoms) or smaller nanoclusters; (2) instability of shape; (3) instability of the integral structure of nanoparticles; (4) instability of the mesoscopic structure; (5) instability of physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles; and (6) instability with respect to an external environment, including chemical instability, e.g., instability to oxidation. The problems concerning the stability of isomers of metal nanoclusters and of bimetallic core-shell nanostructures are considered as examples. The theoretical concepts of stability and instability have been illustrated by our molecular dynamics data on isomers of Au nanoclusters and mutually inverse (alternative) bimetallic Co@Au and Au@Co core-shell nanostructures, where the first element (before symbol @) corresponds to the central region (core) of a particle, while the second one refers to its shell.

摘要 在简要讨论了胶体化学中分散体系的稳定性/不稳定性问题(包括可追溯到 P.A. Rehbinder 的观点和概念)之后,对单个(自由)纳米粒子的不稳定性提出了以下分类:(1) 自发分解成单个分子(原子)或更小纳米团簇的不稳定性;(2) 形状的不稳定性;(3) 纳米粒子整体结构的不稳定性;(4) 中观结构的不稳定性;(5) 纳米粒子物理化学特性的不稳定性;(6) 与外部环境有关的不稳定性,包括化学不稳定性,如氧化不稳定性。本文以金属纳米团簇异构体和双金属核壳纳米结构的稳定性问题为例进行了探讨。我们关于金纳米团簇异构体和互反(替代)双金属 Co@Au 和 Au@Co 核壳纳米结构的分子动力学数据说明了稳定性和不稳定性的理论概念。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the Structure of Sulfonic Polyelectrolyte Matrices on the Adsorption of Cu2+ Ions 磺酸型聚电解质基质的结构对 Cu2+ 离子吸附的影响
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23600999
S. G. Laishevkina, O. D. Iakobson, E. M. Ivan’kova, B. M. Shabsel’s, N. N. Shevchenko

Porous hydrophilic polyelectrolyte matrices have been obtained by reverse suspension copolymerization of p-styrenesulfonate with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, as well as by cryotropic gelation of sulfonic acrylates (3-sulfopropyl methacrylate and sulfobetaine methacrylate). It has been shown that the concentration of sulfonate groups in the obtained polyelectrolytes is 2–3 mmol/g. The morphology and structure of the surface layer of the polyelectrolyte matrices have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy, while the specific surface area and pore size distribution have been investigated by the BET method. Adsorption of Cu2+ ions has been studied spectrophotometrically. It has been found that polyelectrolyte matrices containing aromatic sulfonate groups have the maximum sorption capacity.

摘要 通过对苯乙烯磺酸盐与 N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的反向悬浮共聚,以及磺酰基丙烯酸酯(3-磺丙基甲基丙烯酸酯和磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯)的冷冻凝胶化,获得了多孔亲水性聚电解质基质。研究表明,所获得的聚电解质中磺酸基的浓度为 2-3 毫摩尔/克。扫描电子显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱法研究了聚电解质基质表层的形态和结构,BET 法研究了比表面积和孔径分布。对 Cu2+ 离子的吸附进行了分光光度法研究。研究发现,含有芳香族磺酸盐基团的聚电解质基质具有最大的吸附能力。
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引用次数: 0
Colloidal Properties of Sophora Japanese Fruit Dispersion 日本槐果分散体的胶体特性
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23601002
P. A. Vasileva, I. B. Dmitrieva

Drug plant raw materials represent an important source of biologically active substances (BASs), which are used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and other industries. This paper presents the results of studying colloidal properties of crushed sophora Japanese fruits (hereinafter referred to as sophora) in order to improve the extraction of BASs. To achieve the goal, the following tasks have been set: the study of the ζ potential of sophora particles at different times of contact between the particles and an extractant and the pH values of the medium; determining the isoelectric point (IEP) of the sophora particles by electrophoresis; finding the point of zero charge (PZC) of sophora particles using potentiometric titration; and studying the influence of medium pH, sophora particle size, temperature, the presence of surfactants and ions, and the nature of an extractant on sophora swelling. The points of zero charge ({text{(p}}{{{text{H}}}_{{{text{PZC}}}}})) of the aqueous dispersions of sophora and extracted flavonoids are 5.8 and 5.2, respectively, thus being close to the values ({text{p}}{{{text{H}}}_{{{text{IEP}}}}}). The swelling of sophora particles is limited and accompanied by the gradual fracture of the plant cells. Adsorption equilibrium is achieved within 30 min. In an alkaline region and in the presence of alcohol, the swelling of the sophora particles decreases, while it increases at elevated temperature and in the presence of NaI ions.

摘要 药用植物原料是生物活性物质(BASs)的重要来源,可用于制药、化妆品、食品和其他行业。本文介绍了为改进 BASs 的提取而对粉碎的日本槐果(以下简称槐果)的胶体特性进行研究的结果。为了实现这一目标,我们设定了以下任务:研究槐果颗粒与萃取剂接触的不同时间以及介质 pH 值下槐果颗粒的 ζ 电位;通过电泳确定槐果颗粒的等电点(IEP);使用电位滴定法找到槐果颗粒的零电荷点(PZC);研究介质 pH 值、槐果颗粒大小、温度、表面活性剂和离子的存在以及萃取剂的性质对槐果溶胀的影响。槐花水分散液和提取的黄酮类化合物的零电荷点分别为5.8和5.2,因此接近其值({/text{p}}{{text/{H}}}_{{{text/{IEP}}}}})。国槐颗粒的膨胀是有限的,并伴随着植物细胞的逐渐破裂。吸附平衡在 30 分钟内达到。在碱性区域和有酒精存在的情况下,国槐颗粒的膨胀会减小,而在温度升高和有 NaI 离子存在的情况下,膨胀会增大。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Shear Parameters on the Stability of Emulsion Explosive Matrices 剪切参数对乳化炸药基质稳定性的影响
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23600872
Jianmin Zhou, Yongsheng Jia, Yingkang Yao, Xianqi Xie, Mingsheng Zhao

This work demonstrated the criterion of shear stability of emulsion explosive matrices (EEM), combined with rheology test, interfacial tension test, droplet size test and the crystallization test of emulsion explosive matrices. The shear stability of emulsion explosive matrices was defined as the characteristic refinement time of the droplet size decrease in emulsification process. The constitutive relationship between the characteristic refinement time and droplet size of inner phase droplets was proposed by theoretical analysis and experiments on the emulsification process of emulsion explosive matrices. By analyzing the relationship between rheological properties and characteristic refinement time of emulsion explosive matrices, the relationship model between Bingham coefficient and dimensionless coefficient was established to characterize the shear stability of emulsion explosive matrices. The effects of shear strength, shear time and shear shape on the stability of emulsion explosive matrices were studied. In addition, there exists a critical value to quantitatively characterize the shear stability of emulsion explosive matrices.

摘要 本研究结合乳化炸药基质的流变学试验、界面张力试验、液滴粒度试验和结晶试验,论证了乳化炸药基质剪切稳定性的标准。乳化炸药基质的剪切稳定性定义为乳化过程中液滴粒径减小的特征细化时间。通过对乳化炸药基质乳化过程的理论分析和实验,提出了特征细化时间与内相液滴尺寸之间的构成关系。通过分析乳化炸药基质流变特性与特征细化时间的关系,建立了宾汉系数与无量纲系数的关系模型,表征了乳化炸药基质的剪切稳定性。研究了剪切强度、剪切时间和剪切形状对乳化炸药基质稳定性的影响。此外,还提出了定量表征乳化炸药基质剪切稳定性的临界值。
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of Nanodiamond–Lysozyme–Miramistin Composite and Prospects of Its Application in Heart Valve Prosthetics 纳米金刚石-溶菌酶-米拉米星复合材料的制备及其在心脏瓣膜假体中的应用前景
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23600987
M. G. Chernysheva, G. A. Badun, A. G. Popov, I. S. Chashchin, N. M. Anuchina, A. V. Panchenko

Creation of biocompatible coatings for xenogenic materials that can be used to manufacture prosthetic heart valves is an urgent and, unfortunately, still unsolved problem. It is necessary to obtain a biomaterial that would comply with the mechanical characteristics of a human valve and possess antimicrobial properties, which are of critical importance during the first postsurgical days. Biocompatible coatings can be used for this purpose, and it has turned out that detonation nanodiamonds are suitable for their preparation. The developed functional surface of nanodiamonds allows them to adsorb antibiotics; nanodiamonds are nontoxic and do not cause additional calcification. In this study, we have proposed to prepare a composite coating composed of nanodiamonds, lysozyme, and miramistin as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The use of tritium-labeled nanodiamonds has made it possible to study the distribution of nanodiamond–lysozyme complexes after intravenous administration to mice and showed that the majority of the material remains at the place of injection. It has been shown that nanodiamond–lysozyme–miramistin composites exhibit strong antimicrobial activity, while the nanodiamond–miramistin complex shows no toxicity with respect to Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the nanodiamond–lysozyme–miramistin composite can be used to create coatings for materials of prosthetic heart valves.

摘要 为异种材料制造生物相容性涂层,以用于制造人工心脏瓣膜,是一个紧迫的问题,但不幸的是,这个问题至今仍未得到解决。有必要获得一种符合人体瓣膜机械特征并具有抗菌特性的生物材料,这在手术后的最初几天至关重要。生物相容性涂层可用于这一目的,而引爆纳米金刚石则适合用于制备这种涂层。纳米金刚石的功能性表面使其能够吸附抗生素;纳米金刚石无毒,不会导致额外的钙化。在这项研究中,我们提出制备一种由纳米金刚石、溶菌酶和米拉米星组成的复合涂层,作为广谱抗菌剂。通过使用氚标记的纳米金刚石,研究了纳米金刚石-溶菌酶复合物在小鼠静脉注射后的分布情况,结果表明大部分物质仍留在注射部位。研究表明,纳米金刚石-溶菌酶-米拉米星复合物具有很强的抗菌活性,而纳米金刚石-米拉米星复合物对金黄色葡萄球菌没有毒性。因此,纳米金刚石-溶菌酶-米拉米星复合材料可用于制造人工心脏瓣膜材料的涂层。
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引用次数: 0
New Polyfunctional Biamphiphilic Surfactants Based on Alkylmethylmorpholinium Cation and Dodecyl Sulfate Anion 基于烷基甲基吗啉阳离子和十二烷基硫酸酯阴离子的新型多官能双亲表面活性剂
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23601051
D. M. Kuznetsov, D. A. Kuznetsova, F. G. Valeeva, L. Ya. Zakharova

New biamphiphilic surfactants (BSs) have been synthesized based on alkylmethylmorpholinium cation and dodecyl sulfate anion (Mor-n(DS), n = 4, 6, 8, 10). The structure of the biamphiphiles has been characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The aggregation behavior of the biamphiphiles in aqueous solutions has been assessed by tensiometry, conductometry, fluorescence spectroscopy (using a pyrene probe) and dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. It has been shown that an increase in the hydrophobic tail length by two carbon atoms in an amphiphilic cation leads to an increase in the surface activity of the surfactant by ~5 units and a decrease in the aggregation threshold of the systems by 1.5–2 times. It has been established that the formation of aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters of 20–120 nm depending on the alkyl chain length of the alkylmethylmorpholinium cation and BS concentration. The zeta potential of the systems ranges from –25 to –100 mV and decreases with increasing biamphiphile concentration. Spectrophotometry has been employed to show a significant solubilization capacity of the biamphiphiles with respect to a hydrophobic dye Orange OT. The compounds obtained may be of interest for biomedical applications and other high-tech areas.

摘要 基于烷基甲基吗啉阳离子和十二烷基硫酸阴离子(Mor-n(DS),n = 4、6、8、10)合成了新型双亲表面活性剂(BSs)。通过红外光谱、1H NMR 光谱、质谱分析和元素分析对双亲化合物的结构进行了表征。双亲化合物在水溶液中的聚集行为已通过张力测定法、电导测定法、荧光光谱法(使用芘探针)以及动态和电泳光散射法进行了评估。结果表明,两亲阳离子的疏水尾长度增加两个碳原子,表面活性剂的表面活性就会增加约 5 个单位,系统的聚集阈值就会降低 1.5-2 倍。根据烷基甲基吗啉阳离子的烷基链长度和 BS 浓度的不同,可形成流体力学直径为 20-120 纳米的聚集体。系统的 zeta 电位在 -25 至 -100 mV 之间,并随着双亲化合物浓度的增加而降低。分光光度法显示,双亲化合物对疏水性染料 Orange OT 具有显著的增溶能力。获得的化合物可用于生物医学应用和其他高科技领域。
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引用次数: 0
Anionic Surfactant Adsorption on Activated Carbons Produced from Lignin and Modified with Cellulose Sulfoacetate 阴离子表面活性剂在由木质素制成并用磺基乙酸纤维素改性的活性炭上的吸附作用
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23601117
O. A. Kangina, M. G. Chernysheva, G. A. Badun, A. V. Lishai, N. G. Tsygankova, T. A. Savitskaya, D. D. Grinshpan

This work is devoted to studying the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate (NLS) on activated carbons produced from hydrolytic lignin using laboratory and pilot setups. Commercially available activated carbons produced by “Sorbent” Ltd. and SKT-3 are used for comparison. The surface of the activated carbons is modified (hydrophilized) by cellulose sulfoacetate (CSA) adsorption from aqueous solutions. Amounts of surfactants adsorbed on the activated carbon surface are determined from their radioactivity using tritium-labeled compounds. It has been found that the maximum adsorption of anionic surfactants is higher on activated carbons obtained from lignin. Adsorption values in the saturation region are 1.7 and 1.5 mmol/g for SDS and NLS on activated carbons obtained from lignin and 0.8 mmol/g for both surfactants adsorbed on commercial carbons. It has been shown that the preliminary application of CSA does not affect the maximum adsorption of NLS at its high concentrations; however, it reduces its adsorption in the initial region of the isotherm. Adsorption of CSA and its ability to be retained on the surface of the activated carbons is also studied. Tritium-labeled CSA has been used to show that the isotherm of its adsorption on activated carbon obtained from lignin is S-shaped beginning from a concentration of 0.5 g/L and reaches a maximum value of 25 mg/g. In the presence of NLS, the polymer is desorbed from the carbon surface by more than 50%.

摘要 本研究利用实验室和中试装置研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和 N-月桂酰肌氨酸钠(NLS)在由水解木质素生产的活性碳上的吸附情况。比较使用的是 "Sorbent "有限公司和 SKT-3 公司生产的市售活性碳。通过吸附水溶液中的磺基乙酸纤维素(CSA),对活性炭表面进行改性(亲水)。活性炭表面吸附的表面活性剂数量是通过氚标记化合物的放射性来测定的。研究发现,木质素制成的活性炭对阴离子表面活性剂的最大吸附量较高。SDS 和 NLS 在木质素制成的活性碳上的饱和吸附值分别为 1.7 和 1.5 mmol/g,而这两种表面活性剂在商用碳上的吸附值均为 0.8 mmol/g。研究表明,初步使用 CSA 不会影响 NLS 在高浓度下的最大吸附量,但会降低其在等温线初始区域的吸附量。此外,还研究了 CSA 的吸附及其在活性碳表面的保留能力。氚标记的 CSA 在木质素活性炭上的吸附等温线从 0.5 克/升的浓度开始呈 S 型,最大值为 25 毫克/克。在 NLS 存在的情况下,聚合物从碳表面解吸的比例超过 50%。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Composition and Temperature on Dynamic Properties of Mixed Monolayers of Pulmonary Lipids 成分和温度对肺脂混合单层动态特性的影响
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23601142
A. G. Bykov, M. A. Panaeva, A. R. Rafikova, N. A. Volkov, A. A. Vanin

The main component of pulmonary surfactant is dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), which reduces the surface tension almost to zero when the lung surface is compressed, thus preventing the alveolus from collapse in the course of exhalation. In this work the methods of the surface rheology have been employed to determine the influence of six pulmonary lipids on the dynamic surface properties of a DPPC monolayer at different temperatures and in a wide range of surface tensions. Particular attention has been paid to the region of low surface tensions (lower than 25 mN/m) at temperatures of 25 and 35°С, with these conditions being close to the physiological state on the internal surface of lungs. The addition of lipids with similar molecular structures to DPPC does not affect significantly the dynamic surface properties at a temperature of 25°C. At the same time, the addition of these lipids increases the surface elasticity in the region of low surface tensions at 35°С. However, under these conditions, the presence of lipids with unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals in the surface layer leads to the opposite effect and hinders the achievement of low surface tensions during slow compression. The results obtained have shown the possibility to control the properties of the lipid/DPPC mixed monolayer, which can be considered which can be considered as a model of pulmonary surfactant.

摘要肺表面活性物质的主要成分是二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC),当肺部表面受到压缩时,它能将表面张力几乎降至零,从而防止肺泡在呼气过程中塌陷。这项研究采用表面流变学的方法来确定六种肺脂质在不同温度和较大表面张力范围内对 DPPC 单层动态表面特性的影响。我们特别关注了温度为 25 和 35°С 时的低表面张力区域(低于 25 mN/m),这些条件接近肺内表面的生理状态。添加分子结构与 DPPC 相似的脂类不会对 25°C 温度下的动态表面特性产生显著影响。同时,在 35°С 的低表面张力区域,添加这些脂类会增加表面弹性。然而,在这些条件下,表层中含有不饱和碳氢化合物自由基的脂类会产生相反的效果,阻碍在缓慢压缩过程中实现低表面张力。研究结果表明,可以控制脂质/DPC 混合单层的特性,并将其视为肺表面活性物质的模型。
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引用次数: 0
Single Silver Nanoparticles: Local Refractive Index Response to Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Molar Attenuation Coefficient 单个银纳米粒子:局部折射率对局部表面等离子共振和摩尔衰减系数的响应
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23600860
Mazen Alrahili

In this paper, we analyze the optical properties and sensitivities of spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with varying diameters (10–60 nm) in different surrounding medium, including water, ethanol, and chloroform. The investigation focuses on analytically assessing scattering efficiencies (({{Q}_{{{text{sca}}}}})), absorption efficiencies (({{Q}_{{{text{abs}}}}})), total extinction efficiencies (({{Q}_{{{text{ext}}}}})), shedding light on how the properties of AgNPs change with the size and surrounding medium of AgNPs. The results show that smaller AgNPs exhibit sharper plasmon resonance peaks at shorter wavelengths, while larger AgNPs display broader peaks in the visible spectrum, showcasing the size-dependent behavior of AgNPs. Additionally, the study calculates the molar attenuation coefficient (ε) and extinction cross section (({{sigma }_{{{text{ext}}}}})) for AgNPs, highlighting the differences in absorption properties between small and large particles and their sensitivity to the surrounding medium. The research also discusses the implications of these properties for applications such as plasmonic sensing and sensor design, emphasizing the importance of particle size and surrounding medium in optimizing sensor performance. Moreover, the refractive index sensitivity (S) and the figure of merit (FOM) are introduced as critical parameters for assessing sensor performance, revealing their relationship with particle size, and providing valuable insights into sensor design and optimization.

摘要 本文分析了不同直径(10-60 nm)的球形银纳米粒子(AgNPs)在不同的周围介质(包括水、乙醇和氯仿)中的光学特性和灵敏度。研究重点是分析评估散射效率(({{Q}_{{text/{sca}}}}}/))、吸收效率(({{Q}_{text/{abs}}}}}/))、总消光效率(({{Q}_{{text/{ext}}}}}/)),揭示银纳米粒子的性质如何随着银纳米粒子的大小和周围介质的变化而变化。研究结果表明,较小的 AgNPs 在较短波长处表现出更尖锐的等离子体共振峰,而较大的 AgNPs 则在可见光谱中表现出更宽的峰值,这展示了 AgNPs 的尺寸依赖行为。此外,研究还计算了AgNPs的摩尔衰减系数(ε)和消光截面(({{sigma }_{{text{ext}}}}}) ),突出了小颗粒和大颗粒在吸收特性上的差异及其对周围介质的敏感性。研究还讨论了这些特性对等离子传感和传感器设计等应用的影响,强调了粒度和周围介质对优化传感器性能的重要性。此外,还介绍了折射率灵敏度 (S) 和优点系数 (FOM) 作为评估传感器性能的关键参数,揭示了它们与颗粒大小的关系,并为传感器的设计和优化提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Study of Evaporation of Nanofluid Droplets on Substrates under Solar Radiation 太阳辐射下纳米流体液滴在基底上蒸发的实验研究
IF 1.4 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1134/S1061933X23600902
Q. T. Tran, A. S. Dmitriev, P. G. Makarov, I. A. Mikhailova

This work is devoted to the experimental study of evaporating droplets of titania-, silica-, and diamond-based nanofluids on a substrate under solar radiation. The influence of various factors, including the type of a material, concentration of nanocomponents, irradiation direction, droplet volume, and substrate material, on the droplet evaporation has been investigated. As a result, the critical concentrations of nanoparticles, at which the evaporation rate reaches a stable level, have been determined for droplets of the studied nanofluids. The regimes and stages of the droplet evaporation process have been analyzed for the cases of the subcritical and critical nanoparticle concentrations. The efficiency of droplet evaporation under solar radiation has been shown to strongly depend on radiation direction. The effects of droplet volume and substrate material on the evaporation rate have been studied. In addition to the evaporation efficiency, the morphology of the structures deposited from the droplets has been analyzed. It has been shown that these structures depend on the concentration and material of nanoparticles, as well as on the regime of droplet evaporation. The results of this study enable one to gain a deeper insight into the behavior of the droplets during evaporation under irradiation especially in the IR region and confirm the promise of application of nanofluids in the solar thermal energy systems.

摘要 这项工作致力于在太阳辐射下对二氧化钛、二氧化硅和金刚石基纳米流体在基底上蒸发液滴的实验研究。研究了各种因素(包括材料类型、纳米成分浓度、照射方向、液滴体积和基底材料)对液滴蒸发的影响。结果确定了所研究纳米流体液滴的临界纳米粒子浓度,在该浓度下蒸发率达到稳定水平。针对亚临界和临界纳米粒子浓度的情况,分析了液滴蒸发过程的机制和阶段。研究表明,太阳辐射下液滴蒸发的效率与辐射方向密切相关。研究了液滴体积和基底材料对蒸发率的影响。除了蒸发效率,还分析了液滴沉积结构的形态。结果表明,这些结构取决于纳米粒子的浓度和材料,以及液滴蒸发的制度。这项研究的结果使人们能够更深入地了解液滴在辐照(尤其是在红外区域)下蒸发时的行为,并证实了纳米流体在太阳能热能系统中的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
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