Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-405
Paola Cotticelli-Kurras, F. Giusfredi
In this paper, we will review the methodological and theoretical frameworks that have been developed to deal with the study of language contact and linguistic areas. We have tried to apply these methods to ancient contexts to check the existence of conditions for identifying language areas. Finally, we will provide examples of the combined linguistic and cultural-historical approach to ancient contact areas for phenomena in reciprocal direction, with particular reference to the case of the Aegean and Ancient Near Eastern context of Ancient Anatolia.
{"title":"Ancient Anatolian languages and cultures in contact: some methodological observations","authors":"Paola Cotticelli-Kurras, F. Giusfredi","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-405","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we will review the methodological and theoretical frameworks that have been developed to deal with the study of language contact and linguistic areas. We have tried to apply these methods to ancient contexts to check the existence of conditions for identifying language areas. Finally, we will provide examples of the combined linguistic and cultural-historical approach to ancient contact areas for phenomena in reciprocal direction, with particular reference to the case of the Aegean and Ancient Near Eastern context of Ancient Anatolia.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"172 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46939876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-409
J. Bengtson
This paper explores a few features of the proposed reconstruction of Euskaro-Caucasian, the putative ancestor of Basque and the North Caucasian languages, as put forth in a recent monograph. Here some features of the consonantal system are discussed, namely (I) the development of proto-Euskaro-Caucasian *m in Basque, (II) the non-initial Basque reflexes of Euskaro-Caucasian laryngeals, and (III) the Basque noun stem allomorphs involving an alternation between /rc/ and / t/. It is shown how these details of Euskaro-Caucasian comparative phonology illuminate important unsolved problems of historical phonology on both the Basque and North Caucasian sides.
{"title":"Some notes on Euskaro-Caucasian phonology","authors":"J. Bengtson","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-409","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores a few features of the proposed reconstruction of Euskaro-Caucasian, the putative ancestor of Basque and the North Caucasian languages, as put forth in a recent monograph. Here some features of the consonantal system are discussed, namely (I) the development of proto-Euskaro-Caucasian *m in Basque, (II) the non-initial Basque reflexes of Euskaro-Caucasian laryngeals, and (III) the Basque noun stem allomorphs involving an alternation between /rc/ and / t/. It is shown how these details of Euskaro-Caucasian comparative phonology illuminate important unsolved problems of historical phonology on both the Basque and North Caucasian sides.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"247 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45217375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-401
{"title":"Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47791458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-412
Anton I. Kogan
{"title":"On the language of the Bāşāsurakathā poem and its relation to Kashmiri","authors":"Anton I. Kogan","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"293 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41737214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-407
A. Scala
Borrowing of phonological rules is a topic that has received scant attention outside the domain of language learning. If transferring of L1 phonological rules in L2 utterances is a banal phenomenon, more interesting is the case in which phonological rules borrowing affects a still well preserved minority language, innovating its syntagmatic phonology. In these cases the intra-communitarian language of a minority community adopts, partially or totally, the phonological rules of the inter-communitarian language, i.e. of the language of the majority community. The article discusses several examples of phonological rules borrowing, notably two Italo-Romance phonological rules borrowed in Abruzzian Romani, Turkic vowel harmony in the Armenian dialect of Karchevan and Belarus akanie in Belarus Yiddish. After discussing the rules and the way they have been imported, the article proposes some general reflections about the structural and sociolinguistic background of the phenomenon.
{"title":"Borrowing of phonological rules: case studies from Romani, Armenian and Yiddish and some general reflections","authors":"A. Scala","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-407","url":null,"abstract":"Borrowing of phonological rules is a topic that has received scant attention outside the domain of language learning. If transferring of L1 phonological rules in L2 utterances is a banal phenomenon, more interesting is the case in which phonological rules borrowing affects a still well preserved minority language, innovating its syntagmatic phonology. In these cases the intra-communitarian language of a minority community adopts, partially or totally, the phonological rules of the inter-communitarian language, i.e. of the language of the majority community. The article discusses several examples of phonological rules borrowing, notably two Italo-Romance phonological rules borrowed in Abruzzian Romani, Turkic vowel harmony in the Armenian dialect of Karchevan and Belarus akanie in Belarus Yiddish. After discussing the rules and the way they have been imported, the article proposes some general reflections about the structural and sociolinguistic background of the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"215 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41761060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-404
{"title":"Preface","authors":"","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42249901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-410
A. Kuritsyna
In this paper, I discuss a hitherto undescribed property of the Tocharian adjectival suffixes (most commonly A i / B e, more rarely also -tstse and -ññe) to be shared by conjuncts. I will attempt to prove that such constructions are based on coordinated nouns and not on dvandva-type compounds, and compare Tocharian data with the situation in the areally close Old Uighur. If my assumption is correct, suspended affixation is possible not only with inflectional morphemes of secondary cases, but also with derivational ones, although the latter phenomenon is less widely spread in Tocharian.
在本文中，我讨论了吐火罗语形容词后缀(最常见的是a I / B e，更罕见的是-tstse和-ññe)在连词中所共有的一个特性。我将试图证明这样的结构是基于协调名词而不是基于dvandva型复合词，并将吐火罗语的数据与非常接近的古维吾尔语的情况进行比较。如果我的假设是正确的，那么悬置词缀不仅可以用在次格的屈折语素上，也可以用在派生语素上，尽管后一种现象在吐火罗语中传播得不那么广泛。
{"title":"Suspended affixation with Tocharian adjectival suffix A -ş. i / B -şşe and its possible parallel in Old Uighur","authors":"A. Kuritsyna","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-410","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I discuss a hitherto undescribed property of the Tocharian adjectival suffixes (most commonly A i / B e, more rarely also -tstse and -ññe) to be shared by conjuncts. I will attempt to prove that such constructions are based on coordinated nouns and not on dvandva-type compounds, and compare Tocharian data with the situation in the areally close Old Uighur. If my assumption is correct, suspended affixation is possible not only with inflectional morphemes of secondary cases, but also with derivational ones, although the latter phenomenon is less widely spread in Tocharian.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"265 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42565162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-408
Carlotta Viti
This paper discusses some aspects of the functional competition between nominal morphology and verbal morphology to express low transitivity in different IE languages with respect to other areally contiguous language families. In West and North IE (Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic), experience predicates often select oblique experiencers, which are also common in Finno-Ugric. In West and North IE, the inherited middle conjugation is decaying or lost altogether, replaced by structures based on the reflexive pronoun. By contrast, in South and East IE (Anatolian, Greek, Early Indo-Iranian and Tocharian), the middle inflection is still productive and represents the main strategy to encode experience predicates, in addition to denominal verb formations; in these languages, oblique experiencers are much more rare than in West and North IE. South and East IE languages have striking correspondences with Semitic, which is also poor in oblique experiencers and in impersonal constructions in its earliest varieties. In Ancient Semitic, the experiencer is regularly the subject of the clause, while low transitivity is expressed by a highly articulated verbal morphology. Accordingly, the preferred use of verbal suffixes or of oblique cases to express low transitivity — both inherited from PIE — tend to be reinforced in different IE areas by the contact with different language families where these strategies are also more or less productive.
{"title":"Historical language contact between Indo-European and Semitic in argument structure and in clause organization","authors":"Carlotta Viti","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-408","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses some aspects of the functional competition between nominal morphology and verbal morphology to express low transitivity in different IE languages with respect to other areally contiguous language families. In West and North IE (Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic), experience predicates often select oblique experiencers, which are also common in Finno-Ugric. In West and North IE, the inherited middle conjugation is decaying or lost altogether, replaced by structures based on the reflexive pronoun. By contrast, in South and East IE (Anatolian, Greek, Early Indo-Iranian and Tocharian), the middle inflection is still productive and represents the main strategy to encode experience predicates, in addition to denominal verb formations; in these languages, oblique experiencers are much more rare than in West and North IE. South and East IE languages have striking correspondences with Semitic, which is also poor in oblique experiencers and in impersonal constructions in its earliest varieties. In Ancient Semitic, the experiencer is regularly the subject of the clause, while low transitivity is expressed by a highly articulated verbal morphology. Accordingly, the preferred use of verbal suffixes or of oblique cases to express low transitivity — both inherited from PIE — tend to be reinforced in different IE areas by the contact with different language families where these strategies are also more or less productive.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"231 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44804620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-411
A. Trofimov
In this paper, I discuss the open issue of the phylogenetic position of Parachi and Ormuri among other Iranian languages. Based on data from freshly constructed annotated 110-item Swadesh lists of Parachi and Ormuri compared with the same list as tentatively reconstructed for the Proto-Iranian stage (including additional synonyms with Western or Eastern areal distribution), I conclude that Parachi and Ormuri more probably align with the Eastern Iranian branch of languages. This is primarily concluded from the fact that Parachi and Ormuri show correlations with secondary synonyms of Eastern origin. It is important to note that phonetic isoglosses are not nearly as indicative, since Parachi and Ormuri show both Western and Eastern peculiarities; however, the prosodic systems of these languages are strongly reminiscent of the one attested in Pashto and preserving the Proto-(Indo)-Iranian system better than any other Iranian language. These conclusions support Morgenstierne’s original opinion on the Eastern character of Parachi and Ormuri; on the other hand, Morgenstierne's assumption of the existence of a separate Southeastern Iranian group requires additional confirmation.
{"title":"On the place of Parachi and Ormuri among the Iranian languages according to the data of annotated Swadesh lists","authors":"A. Trofimov","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-411","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I discuss the open issue of the phylogenetic position of Parachi and Ormuri among other Iranian languages. Based on data from freshly constructed annotated 110-item Swadesh lists of Parachi and Ormuri compared with the same list as tentatively reconstructed for the Proto-Iranian stage (including additional synonyms with Western or Eastern areal distribution), I conclude that Parachi and Ormuri more probably align with the Eastern Iranian branch of languages. This is primarily concluded from the fact that Parachi and Ormuri show correlations with secondary synonyms of Eastern origin. It is important to note that phonetic isoglosses are not nearly as indicative, since Parachi and Ormuri show both Western and Eastern peculiarities; however, the prosodic systems of these languages are strongly reminiscent of the one attested in Pashto and preserving the Proto-(Indo)-Iranian system better than any other Iranian language. These conclusions support Morgenstierne’s original opinion on the Eastern character of Parachi and Ormuri; on the other hand, Morgenstierne's assumption of the existence of a separate Southeastern Iranian group requires additional confirmation.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"277 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49302070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-163-406
G. Manzelli
{"title":"Predicative possession and a possible contact-induced phenomenon among Finnic and East Slavic languages: having a headache between the Baltic Sea and the sources of the Volga River","authors":"G. Manzelli","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-163-406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-163-406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 1","pages":"194 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49376534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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