Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2020-183-408
А. А. Трофимов
{"title":"Опыт составления аннотированного списка Сводеша для ведийского языка / An attempt at an annotated Swadesh wordlist for Vedic Sanskrit","authors":"А. А. Трофимов","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2020-183-408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2020-183-408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":" ","pages":"227 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47186974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2020-183-412
Andrey Nikulin, R. Andrade
{"title":"The rise and fall of approximants in the Tuparian languages / Развитие и падение аппроксимантов в языках тупарийской группы","authors":"Andrey Nikulin, R. Andrade","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2020-183-412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2020-183-412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":" ","pages":"284 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48473202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2020-183-410
Anton I. Kogan
Recent research has shown that the vocabulary of certain Northwestern Tibetan dialects con-tains a significant number of Indo-Iranian loanwords. It is, however, still unclear if these loanwords have been borrowed from a single or from several sources, and whether their presence is the result of substratum or adstratum interference. Likewise, the exact genetic position of the donor-language(s) within the Indo-Iranian group so far remains undeter-mined. The study of all these issues should, no doubt, be based on facts of historical phonology. In this article I attempt to identify the most conspicuous historical-phonological features of the Indo-Iranian elements found in Northwestern Tibetan varieties. Furthermore, I make some preliminary conclusions concerning the linguistic geography of the region in the pre-Tibetan period, as well as the direction and relative chronology of Tibetan migrations.
{"title":"Notes on the historical phonology of Indo-Iranian loanwords in Northwestern Tibetan dialects","authors":"Anton I. Kogan","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2020-183-410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2020-183-410","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has shown that the vocabulary of certain Northwestern Tibetan dialects con-tains a significant number of Indo-Iranian loanwords. It is, however, still unclear if these loanwords have been borrowed from a single or from several sources, and whether their presence is the result of substratum or adstratum interference. Likewise, the exact genetic position of the donor-language(s) within the Indo-Iranian group so far remains undeter-mined. The study of all these issues should, no doubt, be based on facts of historical phonology. In this article I attempt to identify the most conspicuous historical-phonological features of the Indo-Iranian elements found in Northwestern Tibetan varieties. Furthermore, I make some preliminary conclusions concerning the linguistic geography of the region in the pre-Tibetan period, as well as the direction and relative chronology of Tibetan migrations.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":" ","pages":"261 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2020-183-411
A. Shatskov
Hittite is a heavily transivitizing language, and there are several morphological markers of causativisation in Hittite. Two of them, namely suffixes - nu - and - ahh -, were productive in the history of Hittite. Other markers are either no longer productive or primarily not causative. In Old Hittite - nu - and - ahh - still had some kind of complementary distribution, although there already was some overlapping, but in Middle and especially New Hittite these markers became nearly interchangeable. The coexistence of - nu - and - ahh - derivatives from the same bases can be attributed, at least partially, to an imperfect knowledge of Hittite by Luwian scribes.
{"title":"Hittite causative markers in a diachronic Anatolian perspective","authors":"A. Shatskov","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2020-183-411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2020-183-411","url":null,"abstract":"Hittite is a heavily transivitizing language, and there are several morphological markers of causativisation in Hittite. Two of them, namely suffixes - nu - and - ahh -, were productive in the history of Hittite. Other markers are either no longer productive or primarily not causative. In Old Hittite - nu - and - ahh - still had some kind of complementary distribution, although there already was some overlapping, but in Middle and especially New Hittite these markers became nearly interchangeable. The coexistence of - nu - and - ahh - derivatives from the same bases can be attributed, at least partially, to an imperfect knowledge of Hittite by Luwian scribes.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"18 1","pages":"276 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45491828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2020-183-409
А. Е. Аникин, Ирма Муллонен
{"title":"C. A. МЫЗНИКОВ. Русский диалектный этимологический словарь. Лексика контактных регионов / An Etymological Dictionary of Russian Dialects. Lexicon of Contact Areas. Moscow / Saint-Petersburg: Nestor-Istorija, 2019. 1064 p. (Alexander Anikin, Irma Mullonen)","authors":"А. Е. Аникин, Ирма Муллонен","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2020-183-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2020-183-409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":" ","pages":"249 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46936071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2020-183-413
М. Е. Васильев, М. Н. Саенко
{"title":"Анализ топологии и оценка точности лексикостатистических классификаций (на примере славянских языков) / An analysis of the topology and estimation of accuracy for lexicostatistical classifications (on the data of Slavic languages","authors":"М. Е. Васильев, М. Н. Саенко","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2020-183-413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2020-183-413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":" ","pages":"320 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49536739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2020-183-407
A. Militarev, Sergei L. Nikolaev
{"title":"Proto-Afrasian names of ungulates in light of the Proto-Afrasian homeland issue","authors":"A. Militarev, Sergei L. Nikolaev","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2020-183-407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2020-183-407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"18 1","pages":"199 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41909259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2020-183-406
I. Egorov
The present paper provides two case studies of the basic vocabulary of the Turkic languages spoken on the Crimea Peninsula. Its aim is to illuminate the issues that a historical linguist, and in particular a phylogeneticist, faces when analyzing the basic vocabulary of closely related languages in a situation of intensive contact. The first case study is dedicated to the onomasiological reconstruction of the Proto-Karaim Swadesh list. The main problem here is detection of the West Oghuz loans and especially of contact-induced archaization (fake archaisms) in Crimean Karaim. The objective of the second case study is to identify the genealogical affiliation of the Crimean Tatar dialects. Both the manual analysis of the innovations in the basic vocabulary and the computational lexicostatistics (Bayesian approach, Neighborjoining, Maximum Parsimony Analysis) confirm the traditional view that the Coastal dialect belongs to the Oghuz subgroup, the Orta dialect – to the West Kipchak subgroup, and the Steppe dialect – to the Nogai Kipchak subgroup. Such affiliations fully fit the documented ethnic history. The correct genealogical affiliation of the dialects in question became possible only after exclusion of all the loans, which has not been done in previous lexicostatistical studies of Crimean Tatar. Both cases show that careful elimination of areal influences is crucial for semantic (onomasiological) reconstruction and phylogenetic studies.
{"title":"Basic vocabulary of closely related languages in contact: case study of Turkic languages on the Crimean Peninsula","authors":"I. Egorov","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2020-183-406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2020-183-406","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper provides two case studies of the basic vocabulary of the Turkic languages spoken on the Crimea Peninsula. Its aim is to illuminate the issues that a historical linguist, and in particular a phylogeneticist, faces when analyzing the basic vocabulary of closely related languages in a situation of intensive contact. The first case study is dedicated to the onomasiological reconstruction of the Proto-Karaim Swadesh list. The main problem here is detection of the West Oghuz loans and especially of contact-induced archaization (fake archaisms) in Crimean Karaim. The objective of the second case study is to identify the genealogical affiliation of the Crimean Tatar dialects. Both the manual analysis of the innovations in the basic vocabulary and the computational lexicostatistics (Bayesian approach, Neighborjoining, Maximum Parsimony Analysis) confirm the traditional view that the Coastal dialect belongs to the Oghuz subgroup, the Orta dialect – to the West Kipchak subgroup, and the Steppe dialect – to the Nogai Kipchak subgroup. Such affiliations fully fit the documented ethnic history. The correct genealogical affiliation of the dialects in question became possible only after exclusion of all the loans, which has not been done in previous lexicostatistical studies of Crimean Tatar. Both cases show that careful elimination of areal influences is crucial for semantic (onomasiological) reconstruction and phylogenetic studies.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":" ","pages":"170 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43957218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2020-183-410
A. Kogan
{"title":"Notes on the historical phonology of Indo-Iranian loanwords in Northwestern Tibetan dialects / Об историко-фонетических особенностях индоиранских заимствований в северо-западных тибетских диалектах","authors":"A. Kogan","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2020-183-410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2020-183-410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"18 1","pages":"261 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41398706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2020-183-412
A. Nikulin, R. Andrade
This paper addresses the evolution of the approximant series in the languages of the Tuparian branch of the Tupian family, native to the region comprised between the middle course of the Guaporé/Iténez and the headwaters of the Machado/Ji-Paraná (southern Rondônia, Brazil). It is shown that in addition to the approximant series of Proto-Tuparian (which, we argue, comprised *β, *j, *w), some daughter languages created innovative approximants from a variety of sources, such as non-low vowels (*o/*i), post-oralized nasals (*mb/*nd/*ŋg, by the way of *b/*d/*g), and hiatus-filling glides. The evolution of these sounds is discussed in great detail; in particular, we argue that at least some approximants have been historically fortitioned in all Tuparian languages. A special attention is given to the subgrouping of the Tuparian branch.
本文讨论了图pian家族的Tuparian分支的近似系列语言的演变，这些语言原产于guapor / it内兹河中段和Machado/ ji - paran河源头之间的地区(Rondônia南部，巴西)。研究表明，除了原始图帕利亚语的近似序列(我们认为包括*β， *j， *w)外，一些子语言还从各种来源创造了创新的近似，例如非低元音(*o/*i)，后口化鼻音(*mb/*nd/*ŋg，通过*b/*d/*g的方式)和空隙填充滑音。这些声音的演变被详细地讨论了;特别是，我们认为在所有的图帕利亚语言中，至少有一些近似值在历史上被强化了。特别注意图帕利亚分支的子群。
{"title":"The rise and fall of approximants in the Tuparian languages","authors":"A. Nikulin, R. Andrade","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2020-183-412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2020-183-412","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the evolution of the approximant series in the languages of the Tuparian branch of the Tupian family, native to the region comprised between the middle course of the Guaporé/Iténez and the headwaters of the Machado/Ji-Paraná (southern Rondônia, Brazil). It is shown that in addition to the approximant series of Proto-Tuparian (which, we argue, comprised *β, *j, *w), some daughter languages created innovative approximants from a variety of sources, such as non-low vowels (*o/*i), post-oralized nasals (*mb/*nd/*ŋg, by the way of *b/*d/*g), and hiatus-filling glides. The evolution of these sounds is discussed in great detail; in particular, we argue that at least some approximants have been historically fortitioned in all Tuparian languages. A special attention is given to the subgrouping of the Tuparian branch.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"18 1","pages":"284 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45957284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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