Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-407
Bartomeu Obrador-Cursach
The aim of this paper is to gather together certain relevant features of Phrygian based on our current knowledge of the language in order to determine its dialectal position inside the Indo-European family. The relatively large number of features shared with Greek is consistent with prior views about the close relation between the two languages, which may have formed a common proto-language. The relations proposed with certain other languages, such as Armenian, are not so strong despite sharing some features.
{"title":"On the place of Phrygian among the Indo-European languages","authors":"Bartomeu Obrador-Cursach","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-407","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to gather together certain relevant features of Phrygian based on our current knowledge of the language in order to determine its dialectal position inside the Indo-European family. The relatively large number of features shared with Greek is consistent with prior views about the close relation between the two languages, which may have formed a common proto-language. The relations proposed with certain other languages, such as Armenian, are not so strong despite sharing some features.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"233 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42638136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-410
A. Krylova
In this paper, I discuss the issue of replacement of basic lexicon due to language contact, specifically focusing on Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and Munda languages in South Odisha but with implications for Eastern India as a whole. Apart from direct borrowings, special attention is paid to cases of not particularly obvious substrate influence in Indo-Aryan languages, in which inherited lexicon is substituted by other inherited items as a result of semantic shift typical of a neighbouring language family. This type of phenomena should necessarily be taken into consideration in any quantitative studies involving lexicostatistical calculations.
{"title":"Some areal features of the 110-item wordlist for the Indo-Aryan languages of South Odisha","authors":"A. Krylova","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-410","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I discuss the issue of replacement of basic lexicon due to language contact, specifically focusing on Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and Munda languages in South Odisha but with implications for Eastern India as a whole. Apart from direct borrowings, special attention is paid to cases of not particularly obvious substrate influence in Indo-Aryan languages, in which inherited lexicon is substituted by other inherited items as a result of semantic shift typical of a neighbouring language family. This type of phenomena should necessarily be taken into consideration in any quantitative studies involving lexicostatistical calculations.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"285 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48997789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-414
А. А. Трофимов
В статье исследуются рефлексы долгих слоговых сонантов в латыни. Согласно традиционным представлениям, сочетания *h1, h2, h3 в латыни отражаются как lā, rā, nā, mā, при сокращении долгот – как al, ar, an, am. Однако существует значительное количество форм, которые на месте закономерных h1, h2, h3 имеют не эти, а другие рефлексы. Они обычно объяснялись через аналогию. С. Г. Болотов на основании ряда примеров показал, что закономерными рефлексами также являются lē, rē, nē, mē и lī, rī, nī, mī. В статье показывается, что это наблюдение верно, рассматриваются два новых возможных примера на lī < *H: glīscō ‘постепенно увеличиваться, усиливаться; разгораться’ и glīs, glīris ‘соня, Sciurus glis’. Также на основании таких слов, как лат. glōs, glōris ‘золовка, сестра мужа’, flōs, flōris ‘цветок’ и т.д. делается вывод, что еще одним рефлексом *H служит Rō. Соответственно, для латыни можно предположить следующую схему рефлексации долгих слоговых сонантов: и.-е. *h1 > лат. Rī, Rē, Rā; и.-е. h2 > лат. Rā; и.-е. h3 > лат. Rō, Rā.
这篇文章研究了拉丁语中冗长音节奏鸣曲的反应。根据传统观点,结合*h1, h2, h3的拉丁语反映l / r / n / m /,同时削减经度像al - ar, an am。然而现场存在大量的形式规律h1, h2, h3,无关其他反射。它们通常是通过类比来解释的。博洛托夫举了几个例子，证明了反应也是正常的。监控显示,这条正确,考虑两个新的可能性的例子在līH < *:glīscō”逐渐增加,加剧;“还有gl s, gli i ri，索尼娅，Sciurus glis。”也基于像拉特这样的词。glōs, glōris“嫂子,妹妹的丈夫”,flōs, flōris‘花’等做结论,另一个反射*H Rō服役。因此，对于拉丁语来说，我们可以假设下一个音节奏鸣曲反射模式:e。*h1 >盔甲。R, R, R, R;和她。h2 >。R /;和她。h3 >。R / Rō。
{"title":"О рефлексах праиндоевропейских долгих слоговых сонантов в латыни","authors":"А. А. Трофимов","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-414","url":null,"abstract":"В статье исследуются рефлексы долгих слоговых сонантов в латыни. Согласно традиционным представлениям, сочетания *h1, h2, h3 в латыни отражаются как lā, rā, nā, mā, при сокращении долгот – как al, ar, an, am. Однако существует значительное количество форм, которые на месте закономерных h1, h2, h3 имеют не эти, а другие рефлексы. Они обычно объяснялись через аналогию. С. Г. Болотов на основании ряда примеров показал, что закономерными рефлексами также являются lē, rē, nē, mē и lī, rī, nī, mī. В статье показывается, что это наблюдение верно, рассматриваются два новых возможных примера на lī < *H: glīscō ‘постепенно увеличиваться, усиливаться; разгораться’ и glīs, glīris ‘соня, Sciurus glis’. Также на основании таких слов, как лат. glōs, glōris ‘золовка, сестра мужа’, flōs, flōris ‘цветок’ и т.д. делается вывод, что еще одним рефлексом *H служит Rō. Соответственно, для латыни можно предположить следующую схему рефлексации долгих слоговых сонантов: и.-е. *h1 > лат. Rī, Rē, Rā; и.-е. h2 > лат. Rā; и.-е. h3 > лат. Rō, Rā.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"341 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44956904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-409
Anton I. Kogan
The Northwestern fringe of the Tibetan-speaking area, now forming a part of the Jammu and Kashmir state of India and of Pakistani-controlled Northern Areas, was in the past an area of intensive ethnic and language contact. This contact resulted in the linguistic assimilation of the local pre-Tibetan population by the Tibetans. More than a century ago it was hypothesized that this pre-Tibetan population may have spoken a certain Dardic language. The article attempts to check this hypothesis through the etymological analysis of the vocabulary of Northwestern Tibetan dialects. The results of this analysis suggest the existence of a significant Indo-Iranian, probably Dardic, lexical stratum, as well as of numerous lexemes borrowed from some early form of Burushaski. The author seeks to define the dialectal distribution of Indo-Iranian and Burushaski loanwords in the area under study.
{"title":"On possible Dardic and Burushaski influence on some Northwestern Tibetan dialects","authors":"Anton I. Kogan","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-409","url":null,"abstract":"The Northwestern fringe of the Tibetan-speaking area, now forming a part of the Jammu and Kashmir state of India and of Pakistani-controlled Northern Areas, was in the past an area of intensive ethnic and language contact. This contact resulted in the linguistic assimilation of the local pre-Tibetan population by the Tibetans. More than a century ago it was hypothesized that this pre-Tibetan population may have spoken a certain Dardic language. The article attempts to check this hypothesis through the etymological analysis of the vocabulary of Northwestern Tibetan dialects. The results of this analysis suggest the existence of a significant Indo-Iranian, probably Dardic, lexical stratum, as well as of numerous lexemes borrowed from some early form of Burushaski. The author seeks to define the dialectal distribution of Indo-Iranian and Burushaski loanwords in the area under study.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"263 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45797845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-405
I. Egorov
The present paper provides synchronic and diachronic analyses of two mid front vowels (e and ɛ) in the Kazym dialect of the Khanty language. Investigating the distribution of these vowels shows that they are phonemically contrasted in some positions and neutralized in others. The phonological status of both vowels is additionally confirmed by a perceptual experiment. The source for e and ɛ are two Proto-Khanty vowels, which are merged or distinguished depending on the consonantal context. Phonemic contrast is extended into some new positions through borrowings from Nenets, Komi-Zyrian, and other dialects of Khanty itself.
{"title":"The origin and synchronic status of mid front vowels in Kazym Khanty","authors":"I. Egorov","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-405","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper provides synchronic and diachronic analyses of two mid front vowels (e and ɛ) in the Kazym dialect of the Khanty language. Investigating the distribution of these vowels shows that they are phonemically contrasted in some positions and neutralized in others. The phonological status of both vowels is additionally confirmed by a perceptual experiment. The source for e and ɛ are two Proto-Khanty vowels, which are merged or distinguished depending on the consonantal context. Phonemic contrast is extended into some new positions through borrowings from Nenets, Komi-Zyrian, and other dialects of Khanty itself.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"197 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42358773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-412
Е. А. Ренковская
Статья посвящена проблемам этимологического анализа элементов послелоложнопадежной системы в новоиндийских языках на примере анализа послелога thɛ ̃в языке кумаони. На основании формального, функционального и типологического анализа было показано, что в кумаони имеется два этимологически разных послелога thɛ,̃ один из которых, как и его когнаты в других новоиндийских языках, ранее имел в своем составе формант, позднее переосмысленный как присоединительный генитивный показатель.
{"title":"История одного послелога: проблемы этимологического анализа элементов послеложно-падежной системы в новоиндийских языках","authors":"Е. А. Ренковская","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-412","url":null,"abstract":"Статья посвящена проблемам этимологического анализа элементов послелоложнопадежной системы в новоиндийских языках на примере анализа послелога thɛ ̃в языке кумаони. На основании формального, функционального и типологического анализа было показано, что в кумаони имеется два этимологически разных послелога thɛ,̃ один из которых, как и его когнаты в других новоиндийских языках, ранее имел в своем составе формант, позднее переосмысленный как присоединительный генитивный показатель.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"310 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42633810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-404
A. Davletshin
The paper argues that Papantla Totonac has lost the original contrast between modal and laryngealized vowels after sonorants and thus developed a system of plain and glottalized stops, affricates and sibilants from the original system of modal and laryngealized vowels. Similarly, Misantla Totonac lost the contrast between modal and laryngealized vowels after sibilants, which resulted in a system of plain and glottalized stops, affricates and sonorants. These sound changes can be explained as being due to different mechanisms of glottalization regarding three classes of consonants — stops, sonorants and sibilants. Apapantilla Totonac and Zapotitlán de Méndez Totonac remain conservative in their treatment of the original Proto-Totonacan laryngealized vowels.
本文认为，Papantla Totonac在发声后失去了模态元音和喉音化元音之间的原始对比，从而从原来的模态元音和喉音化元音系统发展出了一个简单的和声门化的塞音、塞擦音和发声系统。类似地，Misantla Totonac在发出嘶嘶声后失去了模态元音和喉音化元音之间的对比，这导致了一个由普通和声门化的塞音、塞擦音和发声符组成的系统。这些声音变化可以解释为由于三类辅音的声门化机制不同——塞音、发声和嘶嘶声。Apapantilla Totonac和Zapotitlán de Méndez Totonac在处理原始Proto Totonacan喉音化元音时保持保守。
{"title":"Laryngealized vowels and laryngealized consonants in the history of the Totonacan languages of Mexico","authors":"A. Davletshin","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-404","url":null,"abstract":"The paper argues that Papantla Totonac has lost the original contrast between modal and laryngealized vowels after sonorants and thus developed a system of plain and glottalized stops, affricates and sibilants from the original system of modal and laryngealized vowels. Similarly, Misantla Totonac lost the contrast between modal and laryngealized vowels after sibilants, which resulted in a system of plain and glottalized stops, affricates and sonorants. These sound changes can be explained as being due to different mechanisms of glottalization regarding three classes of consonants — stops, sonorants and sibilants. Apapantilla Totonac and Zapotitlán de Méndez Totonac remain conservative in their treatment of the original Proto-Totonacan laryngealized vowels.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"177 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47023560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-408
Александр Милитарев
В статье приводятся новые или обновленные афразийские этимологии и реконструированные праформы, которые могут способствовать реконструкции некоторых малоизученных и неизвестных аспектов, фрагментов и эпизодов древней и древнейшей истории Передней Азии, Северной Африки и Средиземноморья — таких, как ранее не выявленные лексические заимствования и их источники, указывающие на древние этнокультурные контакты; происхождение ливийского письма; представления, из которых предположительно развились такие разные концепты и образы, как египетское Ка, библейские тоху ва-боху и шеол; названия монстров в древних семитских культурах и реконструированные праафразийские термины, проливающие свет на социальный и эмоционально-этический аспекты жизни неолитического человека.
{"title":"Этимология и лексическая реконструкция… для древней и древнейшей истории ближневосточно- северноафриканско-средиземноморского ареала","authors":"Александр Милитарев","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-408","url":null,"abstract":"В статье приводятся новые или обновленные афразийские этимологии и реконструированные праформы, которые могут способствовать реконструкции некоторых малоизученных и неизвестных аспектов, фрагментов и эпизодов древней и древнейшей истории Передней Азии, Северной Африки и Средиземноморья — таких, как ранее не выявленные лексические заимствования и их источники, указывающие на древние этнокультурные контакты; происхождение ливийского письма; представления, из которых предположительно развились такие разные концепты и образы, как египетское Ка, библейские тоху ва-боху и шеол; названия монстров в древних семитских культурах и реконструированные праафразийские термины, проливающие свет на социальный и эмоционально-этический аспекты жизни неолитического человека.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"246 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48924806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2019-173-406
Ilya Gruntov, Olga Mazo
{"title":"Mongghul, Mangghuer and beyond: estimating the proximity","authors":"Ilya Gruntov, Olga Mazo","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2019-173-406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2019-173-406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"17 1","pages":"210 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46484549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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