Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2024-213-404
A. Mankov
In this article, I present a brief outline of Proto-Indo-European endings of nouns in the nom.- acc. dual and discuss the Germanic noun for “breast”, which supposedly had dual forms in Proto-Germanic. OIcel. brjóst n. and OE brēost n. may reflect the dual * breust-ō (< PIE * -ō , the dual of thematic nouns). Because of the homonymy with the neuter nom.-acc. plural in -ō (< PIE * -ā ), this form was reanalysed as n. pl. and became a thematic neuter (like Goth. daur ‘door’). Goth. brusts directly reflects PGerm. * brust-iz , the athematic plural (like OIcel. dyrr ). OSw. bryst n. is ambiguous because it can reflect PGerm. * breust-ō (dual and pl.), * brust-ī (dual), * brust-iz (pl.). The Proto-Germanic “breast” could originally be a proterokinetic noun with an ablauting root, * breust-/ * brust-. As the inflexional expression of duality is extinct, nouns which denote paired organs can develop alternative ways to express it. The article describes such nouns in Swedish dialects of Estonia.
在这篇文章中，我简要概述了原印欧语系名词的名词-重音对偶词尾，并讨论了日耳曼语中表示 "乳房 "的名词，据说它在原日耳曼语中具有对偶形式。OIcel. brjóst n. 和 OE brēost n. 可能反映了对偶 * breust-ō（< PIE * -ō ，主题名词的对偶）。由于与 -ō（< PIE * -ā）的中性名-复数同源，这一形式被重新分析为 n. pl. 并成为主题中性词（如哥特词 daur '门'）。哥特语的 brusts 直接反映了 PGerm.* brust-iz, athematic plural (like OIcel. dyrr ).OSw. bryst n. 含混不清，因为它可以反映 PGerm.* brust-ō（对偶和复数），* brust-ī（对偶），* brust-iz（复数）。原日耳曼语中的 "乳房 "最初可能是一个带有消去词根 * breust-/ * brust- 的前元音名词。由于表示二重性的下位词已经绝迹，表示成对器官的名词可以发展出其他的表达方式。本文介绍了爱沙尼亚瑞典语方言中的此类名词。
{"title":"Proto-Indo-European Nom.-Acc. Dual and the Germanic Dual of nouns / Праиндоевропейский им.-вин. падеж двойственного числа существительных и двойственное число существительных в германских языках","authors":"A. Mankov","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2024-213-404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2024-213-404","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I present a brief outline of Proto-Indo-European endings of nouns in the nom.- acc. dual and discuss the Germanic noun for “breast”, which supposedly had dual forms in Proto-Germanic. OIcel. brjóst n. and OE brēost n. may reflect the dual * breust-ō (< PIE * -ō , the dual of thematic nouns). Because of the homonymy with the neuter nom.-acc. plural in -ō (< PIE * -ā ), this form was reanalysed as n. pl. and became a thematic neuter (like Goth. daur ‘door’). Goth. brusts directly reflects PGerm. * brust-iz , the athematic plural (like OIcel. dyrr ). OSw. bryst n. is ambiguous because it can reflect PGerm. * breust-ō (dual and pl.), * brust-ī (dual), * brust-iz (pl.). The Proto-Germanic “breast” could originally be a proterokinetic noun with an ablauting root, * breust-/ * brust-. As the inflexional expression of duality is extinct, nouns which denote paired organs can develop alternative ways to express it. The article describes such nouns in Swedish dialects of Estonia.","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"145 S279","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2024-213-408
Jesse P. Gates
{"title":"The uvularization of g-/d- in Tibetic languages / О происхождении увулярных согласных в тибетических языках","authors":"Jesse P. Gates","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2024-213-408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2024-213-408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.31826/jlr-2024-toc213-4
{"title":"Table of Contents / Содержание","authors":"","doi":"10.31826/jlr-2024-toc213-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2024-toc213-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141044994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2023-203-404
I. Itkin
{"title":"On Tocharian A cognates of the Tocharian B words meaning ‘spleen’ and ‘liver’ / О тохарских A соответствиях тохарским B словам со значением ʽселезенкаʼ и ʽпечень","authors":"I. Itkin","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2023-203-404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2023-203-404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"20 1","pages":"177 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43706679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2023-203-410
Л. С. Холкина, Л. О. Наний, Цян Сы
{"title":"Семантическое поле ОСТРЫЙ в китайском языке: диахроническое развитие и его отражение в современных диалектах / The semantic field SHARP in Chinese, its diachronic development and reflexes in modern dialects","authors":"Л. С. Холкина, Л. О. Наний, Цян Сы","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2023-203-410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2023-203-410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"20 1","pages":"280 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42102386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2023-203-409
М. А. Молина
{"title":"К вопросу о реконструкции терминов эмоций для праанатолийского и праиндоевропейского уровней / On the reconstruction of the lexical terms for emotions on the Proto-Anatolian and Proto-Indo-European levels","authors":"М. А. Молина","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2023-203-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2023-203-409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"20 1","pages":"268 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41473002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2023-203-406
I. Yakubovich
{"title":"The place of Lydian in the Anatolian family through the lens of recent research / Статус лидийского среди анатолийских языков под призмой недавних исследований","authors":"I. Yakubovich","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2023-203-406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2023-203-406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"20 1","pages":"191 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45054574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2023-203-407
А. А. Трофимов
{"title":"Ударение в языках парачи и ормури в связи с афганским и его значение для иранской реконструкции / The accent in Parachi and Ormuri compared to Pashto and its significance for the reconstruction of Proto-Iranian","authors":"А. А. Трофимов","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2023-203-407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2023-203-407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"20 1","pages":"222 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46182302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2023-203-408
Т. А. Михайлова
{"title":"Вор и воровство в гойдельском: реконструкция и стратегия номинации / Thief’ and ‘Theft’ in Goidelic: a semantic reconstruction","authors":"Т. А. Михайлова","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2023-203-408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2023-203-408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"20 1","pages":"253 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48791295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.1515/jlr-2023-203-405
A. Kogan
{"title":"On the etymological attribution of certain non-Tibetan lexical elements in medieval Tibetan texts / Об этимологической атрибуции некоторых нетибетских лексических элементов в средневековых тибетских текстах","authors":"A. Kogan","doi":"10.1515/jlr-2023-203-405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jlr-2023-203-405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Relationship","volume":"20 1","pages":"181 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45055934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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