Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100560
Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
Obesity increases the risk for a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes, liver and cardiovascular disease, or neurological disorders. Low-grade chronic systemic inflammation typically accompanying obesity is considered driving these disorders. The inflammatory factors produced by the hypertrophic adipose tissue can have systemic effects. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the most investigated in this context, inflammatory cytokines: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL6), IL1β, and interferon γ. Their metabolic effects on organs such as the liver, the skeletal muscle, the pancreas and the brain, and therapeutic interventions targeting systemic inflammation in obesity are discussed.
{"title":"Adipose tissue-derived mediators of systemic inflammation and metabolic control","authors":"Vasileia Ismini Alexaki","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity increases the risk for a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes, liver and cardiovascular disease, or neurological disorders. Low-grade chronic systemic inflammation typically accompanying obesity is considered driving these disorders. The inflammatory factors produced by the hypertrophic adipose tissue can have systemic effects. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the most investigated in this context, inflammatory cytokines: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL6), IL1β, and interferon γ. Their metabolic effects on organs such as the liver, the skeletal muscle, the pancreas and the brain, and therapeutic interventions targeting systemic inflammation in obesity are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100559
Erika Folestad, Annelie Falkevall
Obesity is now considered a global epidemic, increasing the prevalence of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Obesity is characterized by an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass that induce local inflammation and insulin resistance in the WAT, causing dysregulation of whole-body homeostasis. WAT is the primary organ for energy storage in the form of triacylglycerols, which are released as fatty acids (FAs) upon energy demand, a process named lipolysis. Under chronic high energy intake, adipocytes can expand to accommodate more triacylglycerols but when the storage capacity is impaired or lipolysis is dysregulated, FAs are redirected to other organs. The systemic overload of FAs contributes to the development of obesity-associated metabolic complications such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic fatty liver disease (MASLD), formerly named non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This minireview aims to discuss adipose-derived FA flux as a determinator for development of MASLD from an adipocentric perspective, underlining the contribution of WAT dysfunction in this disease.
肥胖症目前已被认为是一种全球性流行病，与肥胖相关的代谢性疾病的发病率不断上升。肥胖症的特征是白色脂肪组织（WAT）质量增加，从而诱发局部炎症和 WAT 中的胰岛素抵抗，导致全身平衡失调。白脂肪组织是以三酰甘油形式储存能量的主要器官，在能量需求时以脂肪酸（FA）的形式释放出来，这一过程被称为脂肪分解。在长期高能量摄入的情况下，脂肪细胞可以膨胀以容纳更多的三酰甘油，但当储存能力受损或脂肪分解失调时，FA 就会转向其他器官。全身过量的脂肪酸会导致肥胖相关代谢并发症的发生，如代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性脂肪肝（MASLD），其前身为非酒精性脂肪肝。本微综述旨在从脂肪中心的角度讨论脂肪衍生的FA通量作为MASLD发病的一个决定因素，强调WAT功能障碍在这种疾病中的作用。
{"title":"“Regulation of adipose-derived fatty acid flux to the liver”-Impact on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","authors":"Erika Folestad, Annelie Falkevall","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is now considered a global epidemic, increasing the prevalence of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Obesity is characterized by an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass that induce local inflammation and insulin resistance in the WAT, causing dysregulation of whole-body homeostasis. WAT is the primary organ for energy storage in the form of triacylglycerols, which are released as fatty acids (FAs) upon energy demand, a process named lipolysis. Under chronic high energy intake, adipocytes can expand to accommodate more triacylglycerols but when the storage capacity is impaired or lipolysis is dysregulated, FAs are redirected to other organs. The systemic overload of FAs contributes to the development of obesity-associated metabolic complications such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic fatty liver disease (MASLD), formerly named non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This minireview aims to discuss adipose-derived FA flux as a determinator for development of MASLD from an adipocentric perspective, underlining the contribution of WAT dysfunction in this disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100558
Rex A. Hess, Clémence Belleannée
{"title":"Editorial overview: Cilia and endocrinology","authors":"Rex A. Hess, Clémence Belleannée","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid increase of bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics means that alternative solutions to antibiotics must be found urgently. This observation particularly concerns respiratory pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, or Staphylococcus aureus. Microbial endocrinology has paved a new way to identify specific bacterial targets related to several human communication molecules such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and hormones. Here, we describe these human signaling compounds that are able to modify the physiology of major respiratory bacterial pathogens and their potential mechanism of action on bacteria. This review aims to better understand the effects of human communication molecules on the physiology of major respiratory bacterial pathogens and their consequences in terms of virulence, persistence, and interference with the action of antibiotics. These data should be considered to avoid promoting chronic infections in patients or to optimize antibiotic treatment.
{"title":"Impact of human communications molecules on respiratory tractus bacterial pathogen","authors":"Olivier Lesouhaitier, Adrien Forge, Anne-Sophie Tareau, Mathieu Gonzalez, Sylvie Chevalier, Ali Tahrioui","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid increase of bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics means that alternative solutions to antibiotics must be found urgently. This observation particularly concerns respiratory pathogens such as <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumanii</em>, or <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Microbial endocrinology has paved a new way to identify specific bacterial targets related to several human communication molecules such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and hormones. Here, we describe these human signaling compounds that are able to modify the physiology of major respiratory bacterial pathogens and their potential mechanism of action on bacteria. This review aims to better understand the effects of human communication molecules on the physiology of major respiratory bacterial pathogens and their consequences in terms of virulence, persistence, and interference with the action of antibiotics. These data should be considered to avoid promoting chronic infections in patients or to optimize antibiotic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100548
Milica Rajković , Nikola Bogosavljević , Marko Vujačić , Drenka Trivanović
Current findings imply that skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations intermittently utilize glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to satisfy energetic demands and accomplish their lineage specification, or even dedifferentiation. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the earliest processes that governs adult bone regeneration. Increasing numbers of findings indicate that SSCs reside in bone and bone marrow compartments and contribute to different phases of bone homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. All these processes have distinct microenvironmental landscapes imposing specific metabolic requirements to SSCs. Although glucose has been considered as the main source of energy for skeleton, novel findings emphasize the importance of still challenging metabolic profiling of SSCs at different stages of bone development, homeostasis, and repair for delicate control of stem cell-guided bone regeneration.
{"title":"Metabolic (re)programming in skeletal stem cell populations","authors":"Milica Rajković , Nikola Bogosavljević , Marko Vujačić , Drenka Trivanović","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current findings imply that skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations intermittently utilize glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to satisfy energetic demands and accomplish their lineage specification, or even dedifferentiation. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the earliest processes that governs adult bone regeneration. Increasing numbers of findings indicate that SSCs reside in bone and bone marrow compartments and contribute to different phases of bone homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. All these processes have distinct microenvironmental landscapes imposing specific metabolic requirements to SSCs. Although glucose has been considered as the main source of energy for skeleton, novel findings emphasize the importance of still challenging metabolic profiling of SSCs at different stages of bone development, homeostasis, and repair for delicate control of stem cell-guided bone regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100547
Yi Ching Esther Wan, Jeremy Dufau, Kirsty L. Spalding
Obesity has become one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The accumulation of fat mass is associated with an increased risk of numerous comorbidities. Despite this, the precise mechanisms by which unhealthy fat cells contribute to the dysfunction of various tissues throughout the body remain poorly understood. Recently, cellular senescence in adipocytes has emerged as a significant factor in the pathological consequences of obesity. Here we review current knowledge regarding senescence in adipose tissue and adipocytes. We highlight the known mechanisms driving cellular senescence in mature adipocytes during obesity and summarize the deleterious crosstalk between senescent adipocytes and neighboring cells (as well as distant organs) as mediated by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.
{"title":"Local and systemic impact of adipocyte senescence-associated secretory profile","authors":"Yi Ching Esther Wan, Jeremy Dufau, Kirsty L. Spalding","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity has become one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The accumulation of fat mass is associated with an increased risk of numerous comorbidities. Despite this, the precise mechanisms by which unhealthy fat cells contribute to the dysfunction of various tissues throughout the body remain poorly understood. Recently, cellular senescence in adipocytes has emerged as a significant factor in the pathological consequences of obesity. Here we review current knowledge regarding senescence in adipose tissue and adipocytes. We highlight the known mechanisms driving cellular senescence in mature adipocytes during obesity and summarize the deleterious crosstalk between senescent adipocytes and neighboring cells (as well as distant organs) as mediated by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100546
Vladimir S. Shavva , Laura Tarnawski , Ting Liu , Osman Ahmed , Peder S. Olofsson
Until recently, the role of direct cholinergic regulation of adipose tissue function was unclear. With the identification of the α2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as a key regulator of adaptive thermogenesis in white adipose tissue, there is evidence of direct cholinergic regulation of adipocyte physiology. As in the spleen and the bone marrow, there is a local source of nonneuronal acetylcholine in adipose tissue: Macrophages release acetylcholine in response to a multiplicity of stimuli including cold, norepinephrine, and fibroblast growth factor 21, integrating cholinergic signaling in the adipose tissue microenvironment. The recent insights on this cholinergic signaling provides a useful framework for further mapping of the physiology of cholinergic signaling in adipose tissue.
{"title":"Cholinergic signaling in adipose tissue","authors":"Vladimir S. Shavva , Laura Tarnawski , Ting Liu , Osman Ahmed , Peder S. Olofsson","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Until recently, the role of direct cholinergic regulation of adipose tissue function was unclear. With the identification of the α2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as a key regulator of adaptive thermogenesis in white adipose tissue, there is evidence of direct cholinergic regulation of adipocyte physiology. As in the spleen and the bone marrow, there is a local source of nonneuronal acetylcholine in adipose tissue: Macrophages release acetylcholine in response to a multiplicity of stimuli including cold, norepinephrine, and fibroblast growth factor 21, integrating cholinergic signaling in the adipose tissue microenvironment. The recent insights on this cholinergic signaling provides a useful framework for further mapping of the physiology of cholinergic signaling in adipose tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacteria–host communication plays a crucial role in symbiosis and pathogenesis. Investigations of pathogenic bacterial responses to host neurotransmitters, including catecholamines, have been the subject of several studies. Both Epinephrine (Epi) and Norepinephrine (NE) catecholamines can modulate bacterial physiology, affecting growth, motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and interactions with eukaryotic cells. This has been widely described in Gram-negative bacteria and mostly for pathogens (i.e. Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica, and Vibrio cholerae). In this review, we focused on whole and targeted bacterial gene expression that have been modulated upon exposure to Epi and NE catecholamines. A wide range of these genes were involved in various physiological aspects (i.e. general metabolism, stress responses, uptake/transport, motility, biofilm, and virulence).
细菌与宿主的交流在共生和致病过程中起着至关重要的作用。病原细菌对宿主神经递质（包括儿茶酚胺）的反应是多项研究的主题。肾上腺素（Epi）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）儿茶酚胺都能调节细菌的生理机能，影响其生长、运动、生物膜形成、毒力以及与真核细胞的相互作用。这在革兰氏阴性细菌中得到了广泛的描述，并且主要针对病原体（即大肠杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌和霍乱弧菌）。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了暴露于 Epi 和 NE 儿茶酚胺后受到调控的细菌全基因和靶基因表达。这些基因广泛涉及各种生理方面（即一般新陈代谢、应激反应、吸收/转运、运动、生物膜和毒力）。
{"title":"Bacterial gene expression in response to catecholamine stress hormones","authors":"Meryem Boujnane, Amine Mohamed Boukerb, Nathalie Connil","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacteria–host communication plays a crucial role in symbiosis and pathogenesis. Investigations of pathogenic bacterial responses to host neurotransmitters, including catecholamines, have been the subject of several studies. Both Epinephrine (Epi) and Norepinephrine (NE) catecholamines can modulate bacterial physiology, affecting growth, motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and interactions with eukaryotic cells. This has been widely described in Gram-negative bacteria and mostly for pathogens (<em>i.e</em>. <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em>, <em>Salmonella enterica,</em> and <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>). In this review, we focused on whole and targeted bacterial gene expression that have been modulated upon exposure to Epi and NE catecholamines. A wide range of these genes were involved in various physiological aspects (<em>i.e</em>. general metabolism, stress responses, uptake/transport, motility, biofilm, and virulence).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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