Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.207778
Mona El Nadi
Figures with physical disabilities were rarely represented in ancient Egyptian art. The idealistic representation of the body was the customary rule followed by gods and kings. Predynastic and Dynastic exceptions suggest the intention to display disability by representing figures with bodies but without their arms. It is argued that the armless figures must have played a significant role, especially during funerary rituals. Predynastic examples discussed here include figures without arms related to funerary rituals, accompanying the funerary boats or deposited inside tombs to bless the deceased. Dynastic examples raise the possibility that these armless figures were divine and may have played a dedicated role in the deceased’s funerary fate. A lack of arms may have represented the state of disability itself. The armless figures may have imitated the sun god’s period of weakness during his journey through the night, perhaps playing a role that was suspended for a while, and continued in the afterlife. Their role may have been as guardians of the burial place or demons protecting the deceased. Some divine figures appear with a definite role to help the sun god in his night hours journey, as in the Amduat. صخلملا ةميدقلا رصم ىف ةينفلا دعاوقلا ىف عبتملا ناك دقل أ ن ريوصت دنع ةصاخو بيع وأ صقن يأ نودب دسجلا روصي مدقأ ثحبلا اذه ىفو .ميدقلا يرصملا كلملا وأ تادوبعملا اهيف متي ىتلاو ،ةدعاقلا هذه نم هانثتسملا تلااحلا ضعب دسجلاب تادوبعملاو ةيرشبلا تائيهلا ضعب ريوصت لا يه تائيهلا هذهو .عرذلأا دقتفت اهنكلو ،لماكلا يرشب ىنيد رود اهل تائيه اهنأ ثحبلا للاخ نم انل حضتي امك نم فرعت ةسدقم تائيه ىهف ، سدقم ذ لبق ام روصع و خيراتلا ا نمو .ةيخيراتلا روصعلا ىف اهريوصت رمتس مهنأ ثيح ، هتاذب ادوصقم ناك ريوصتلا اذه نأ دكؤملا ملا ىف نورهظي ،دسجلا ةلماك ىرخأ تائيه عم دحاولا رظن نمو .ةصقانلا ةئيهلا هذهب اهريوصت ةيزمر ىلإ ريشي امم ةلاح نع ريبعتلا هب دوصقملا ناك ريوصتلا اذه نأ لمتحملا ا نم ةئيهلا هذهل ةفيظولاو رودلا فقوتو ،فعضل ةدمل نم صخشلا هب موقي ناك ام عاجرتسا اهدعب متي ،ةنيعم تائيهلاو .ماهم نم اهفرعن ) عرذلأا ةدقتفم ( ةلمتكم ريغلا ةبسنلاب ءارلآا ضعب تمدق دقو ،تارسلأا لبق ام روصع هذه نأ ةقحلا روصع نم هدكؤن ىذلا نمو ،اهتفيظول حنمو ،ةيامحلا ىف رود اهل ،ةسدقمو ةينيد تائيه تائيهلا ةطبترملا ةينيدلا سوقطلاب تطبترا دقو .ىفوتملل ةكربلا زانجلاو نفدلاب .خيراتلا لبق ام روصع ذنم كلذو ة فعضلا تلااح نم ةلاح لثامت عرذأ نودب تائيهلاو رمي ىذلا عر سمشلا هلإ نم اهليثمت دمتسا ىتلاو زجعلاو للاخ ةنيعم ةلحرمل ةردقلا نادقفو فعضلا نم ةلحرمب ليللا تاعاس هتيويحو هتوق ةرتف دعب ديعتسيل .
有关身体残疾的数据在《东方埃及》中得到了广泛的体现。该机构的概念表述是上帝和国王遵循的传统规则。初步和动态的例外情况表明，在没有武器的情况下，通过使用带有身体的图表来确定是否存在残疾。需要指出的是，非军事化的数字必须发挥重要作用，特别是在功能正常化期间。这里讨论的初步例子包括与功能性弹药无关的数据，这些数据与功能性船只或被搁置的船只相比较，以弥补损失。动态的例子表明，这些武装数字可能有所不同，并可能在功能性衰退中发挥作用。一系列的武器可能代表了残疾状态。这些武装数字可能会延长上帝在夜间活动期间的体力消耗，表演发挥了一种作用，这种作用一直持续到深夜。这些作用可能已成为保护土地退化的守护者或恶魔。一些不同的图表具有明确的作用，可以帮助太阳在夜间工作。热闹的米德尔拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉拉塔朱拉·塔伊拉·塔伊拉（Taila Taila Taila）你好吗？你好吗？阿汉洛（Ahinklo）点了点，马克拉·拉沙布·内德·塔亚（Malila Rashab ned Rud al-Taya）人民祝贺兄弟的一根绳子，因为它落在你母亲的腿上，法老睡在它的腿上，一座通向深渊的大坝，一座通向坟墓或坟墓的大坝，一座通往坟墓或坟墓。在Ahriost Ramitz，Mahna Theh，阿杜苏克姆·纳克·里奥斯塔尔，所以我们冷静地远离毛拉，远离努尔扎齐，记录着达赫拉叔叔出现的松弛，期待着增长。猎鹰，这是一块警笛的黄金，响起了各国的胡须，防止了杜斯克穆拉·纳克·里奥斯塔尔的耳朵忍耐这件事，让他们站起来，让他们站起来，让他们站起来，让我们站起来，还是让我们站起来，让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，还是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，还是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来，是让我们站起来里格拉说，用羊皮书吹响杜古的伸展声，然后传来一个虫子，这些是一个嗡嗡声，一个嗡嗡声，一个平静的睡眠，一个增长，一个温暖的影子，一个红人，一个水坝，一个塔哈拉，一个塔米拉，一个林德拉·苏卡特拉布·塔布拉·杜古，到卡尔巴拉·赞格。胡尔特拉是一个小偷还是一个小偷，一条嘴上的肌肉挥舞着一条嘴，努德布·塔伊莱向他扔了一条嘴，如果你睡得好，德米察睡到了给齐加洛给兄弟的朗诵，是的，站起来，睡到一条嘴上，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是的，是为了一个绝望的夜晚。告别迪特泽尔。
{"title":"Armless Figures in Ancient Egypt Until The End of The New Kingdom","authors":"Mona El Nadi","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.207778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.207778","url":null,"abstract":"Figures with physical disabilities were rarely represented in ancient Egyptian art. The idealistic representation of the body was the customary rule followed by gods and kings. Predynastic and Dynastic exceptions suggest the intention to display disability by representing figures with bodies but without their arms. It is argued that the armless figures must have played a significant role, especially during funerary rituals. Predynastic examples discussed here include figures without arms related to funerary rituals, accompanying the funerary boats or deposited inside tombs to bless the deceased. Dynastic examples raise the possibility that these armless figures were divine and may have played a dedicated role in the deceased’s funerary fate. A lack of arms may have represented the state of disability itself. The armless figures may have imitated the sun god’s period of weakness during his journey through the night, perhaps playing a role that was suspended for a while, and continued in the afterlife. Their role may have been as guardians of the burial place or demons protecting the deceased. Some divine figures appear with a definite role to help the sun god in his night hours journey, as in the Amduat. صخلملا ةميدقلا رصم ىف ةينفلا دعاوقلا ىف عبتملا ناك دقل أ ن ريوصت دنع ةصاخو بيع وأ صقن يأ نودب دسجلا روصي مدقأ ثحبلا اذه ىفو .ميدقلا يرصملا كلملا وأ تادوبعملا اهيف متي ىتلاو ،ةدعاقلا هذه نم هانثتسملا تلااحلا ضعب دسجلاب تادوبعملاو ةيرشبلا تائيهلا ضعب ريوصت لا يه تائيهلا هذهو .عرذلأا دقتفت اهنكلو ،لماكلا يرشب ىنيد رود اهل تائيه اهنأ ثحبلا للاخ نم انل حضتي امك نم فرعت ةسدقم تائيه ىهف ، سدقم ذ لبق ام روصع و خيراتلا ا نمو .ةيخيراتلا روصعلا ىف اهريوصت رمتس مهنأ ثيح ، هتاذب ادوصقم ناك ريوصتلا اذه نأ دكؤملا ملا ىف نورهظي ،دسجلا ةلماك ىرخأ تائيه عم دحاولا رظن نمو .ةصقانلا ةئيهلا هذهب اهريوصت ةيزمر ىلإ ريشي امم ةلاح نع ريبعتلا هب دوصقملا ناك ريوصتلا اذه نأ لمتحملا ا نم ةئيهلا هذهل ةفيظولاو رودلا فقوتو ،فعضل ةدمل نم صخشلا هب موقي ناك ام عاجرتسا اهدعب متي ،ةنيعم تائيهلاو .ماهم نم اهفرعن ) عرذلأا ةدقتفم ( ةلمتكم ريغلا ةبسنلاب ءارلآا ضعب تمدق دقو ،تارسلأا لبق ام روصع هذه نأ ةقحلا روصع نم هدكؤن ىذلا نمو ،اهتفيظول حنمو ،ةيامحلا ىف رود اهل ،ةسدقمو ةينيد تائيه تائيهلا ةطبترملا ةينيدلا سوقطلاب تطبترا دقو .ىفوتملل ةكربلا زانجلاو نفدلاب .خيراتلا لبق ام روصع ذنم كلذو ة فعضلا تلااح نم ةلاح لثامت عرذأ نودب تائيهلاو رمي ىذلا عر سمشلا هلإ نم اهليثمت دمتسا ىتلاو زجعلاو للاخ ةنيعم ةلحرمل ةردقلا نادقفو فعضلا نم ةلحرمب ليللا تاعاس هتيويحو هتوق ةرتف دعب ديعتسيل .","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-21DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.205886
Y. Mahmoud
Around 280 vessels and 140 stamped handles of Aegean amphorae were revealed during excavations held from 1963 at the site of Kiman Faris. Recent archaeological explorations uncovered more ceramic, whose context is well-known thanks to the efforts of the Fayoum University. Among this site's assemblage of ceramics, the study focuses on the small pots for oil, perfumes, and ointments, called unguentaria, alabastra, and aryballoi. Approximately thirty of these have been discovered from 1963 to 2005, and more fragments during the latest 2016-2019 excavations.
{"title":"Ptolemaic and Roman Vessels of Scented Oil from Kiman Faris – Krokodilopolis","authors":"Y. Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.205886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.205886","url":null,"abstract":"Around 280 vessels and 140 stamped handles of Aegean amphorae were revealed during excavations held from 1963 at the site of Kiman Faris. Recent archaeological explorations uncovered more ceramic, whose context is well-known thanks to the efforts of the Fayoum University. Among this site's assemblage of ceramics, the study focuses on the small pots for oil, perfumes, and ointments, called unguentaria, alabastra, and aryballoi. Approximately thirty of these have been discovered from 1963 to 2005, and more fragments during the latest 2016-2019 excavations.","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43032643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-24DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.45566.1042
Ghada El Gemaiey
This paper will trace the influence of Islamic architecture on Sikh buildings in the Punjab region of the north–west of India (10th-13 AH/ 16-19 CE. This influence was a direct result of the solid roots of Islamic architecture India’s Mughal Empire during the same aforementioned period. In return, the latter influenced by Islamic art and architecture in Iran. This manuscript presents Sikh religious architecture along with its origins and components; by giving a brief overview of the Sikhism’s various contexts including the region, socio-political history and analysing its architecture. It focuses on the Gurudwara; the temple and the focal point of the Sikhism. The paper shows to what extend the Gurudwara is a distinguished example showing the combination of Mughal Indian and Safavid architecture along with Sikh entirely new units. Moreover, Hindu architecture was also one of the Gurudwara architecture origins as appear in the distribution of the units. The study concluded that the similarity of Islamic architecture and Sikh architecture is due to that many architects and artists of the Gurudwara were Muslims. صخللما ر ةساردلا هذه فدهت ا دص ثأتل لإا تاري ىلع ةيملاس خيسلا رئامع ةيلامشلا ةهجلا يف باچنبلا ةقطنم يف دنهلا نم ةيبرغلا ، تادحوو رصانع عبتت للاخ نم ،ةيخيسلا دباعملا اهدفاور مهأ حيضوتو ةرتفلا للاخ 10 13 /ـه 16 19 م . ةرشابم ةجيتن تاريثأتلا هذه ةرتفلا يف دنهلا يف ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلل لاعفلا دجاوتلل نفلاب حضاو لكشب اهرودب ةريخلأا ترثأتو ،اهسفن .ناريإ يف ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو تضرع ةساردلا ل ةرامعل ةينيدلا ةيخيسلا اهرصانعو ةفلتخملا تاقايسلا نع زجوم ميدقت ربع ؛اهلوصأو ضتم ةيخيسلل يسايسلا خيراتلاو ،ةقطنملا خيرات اًنم ليلحتو ،ثحبلا عوضوم ةينمزلا ةرتفللل يعامتجلااو قرولا زكرت .اهترامع ةرامع ىلع ةيثحبلا ة اراودوروجلا .ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا رهوجو دبعملا ، ةرامع تحضوأ ةجرد يأ ىلإ ةساردلا رهظت رصانع جزم حضوي اًعئار اجًذومن لثمت اراودوروجلا لاًضف ،ةيوفصلا ةرامعلاو ةيلوغملا ةيدنهلا ةرامعلا نم ىلع ةولاع .امًامت ةديدج ةيخيس تادحوو رصانع نع دفاور دحأ كلذك ةيسودنهلا ةرامعلا تلكش دقف ،كلذ نم رهظي امك ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا يف تادحولا عيزوت .اراودوروجلا ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا نيب هباشتلا نأب ةساردلا يهتنتو نييرامعم لمع ريثأت ىلإ دوعي ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو .اراودوروجلا ةرامع يف نيملسم نينانفو
{"title":"THE INFLUENCES OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE ON SIKH ARCHITECTURE IN PUNJAB REGION FROM THE 16th-19th CE","authors":"Ghada El Gemaiey","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.45566.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.45566.1042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will trace the influence of Islamic architecture on Sikh buildings in the Punjab region of the north–west of India (10th-13 AH/ 16-19 CE. This influence was a direct result of the solid roots of Islamic architecture India’s Mughal Empire during the same aforementioned period. In return, the latter influenced by Islamic art and architecture in Iran. This manuscript presents Sikh religious architecture along with its origins and components; by giving a brief overview of the Sikhism’s various contexts including the region, socio-political history and analysing its architecture. It focuses on the Gurudwara; the temple and the focal point of the Sikhism. The paper shows to what extend the Gurudwara is a distinguished example showing the combination of Mughal Indian and Safavid architecture along with Sikh entirely new units. Moreover, Hindu architecture was also one of the Gurudwara architecture origins as appear in the distribution of the units. The study concluded that the similarity of Islamic architecture and Sikh architecture is due to that many architects and artists of the Gurudwara were Muslims. صخللما ر ةساردلا هذه فدهت ا دص ثأتل لإا تاري ىلع ةيملاس خيسلا رئامع ةيلامشلا ةهجلا يف باچنبلا ةقطنم يف دنهلا نم ةيبرغلا ، تادحوو رصانع عبتت للاخ نم ،ةيخيسلا دباعملا اهدفاور مهأ حيضوتو ةرتفلا للاخ 10 13 /ـه 16 19 م . ةرشابم ةجيتن تاريثأتلا هذه ةرتفلا يف دنهلا يف ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلل لاعفلا دجاوتلل نفلاب حضاو لكشب اهرودب ةريخلأا ترثأتو ،اهسفن .ناريإ يف ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو تضرع ةساردلا ل ةرامعل ةينيدلا ةيخيسلا اهرصانعو ةفلتخملا تاقايسلا نع زجوم ميدقت ربع ؛اهلوصأو ضتم ةيخيسلل يسايسلا خيراتلاو ،ةقطنملا خيرات اًنم ليلحتو ،ثحبلا عوضوم ةينمزلا ةرتفللل يعامتجلااو قرولا زكرت .اهترامع ةرامع ىلع ةيثحبلا ة اراودوروجلا .ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا رهوجو دبعملا ، ةرامع تحضوأ ةجرد يأ ىلإ ةساردلا رهظت رصانع جزم حضوي اًعئار اجًذومن لثمت اراودوروجلا لاًضف ،ةيوفصلا ةرامعلاو ةيلوغملا ةيدنهلا ةرامعلا نم ىلع ةولاع .امًامت ةديدج ةيخيس تادحوو رصانع نع دفاور دحأ كلذك ةيسودنهلا ةرامعلا تلكش دقف ،كلذ نم رهظي امك ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا يف تادحولا عيزوت .اراودوروجلا ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا نيب هباشتلا نأب ةساردلا يهتنتو نييرامعم لمع ريثأت ىلإ دوعي ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو .اراودوروجلا ةرامع يف نيملسم نينانفو","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41806716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.82804.1067
Hasnaa Ahmed, G. Mahgoub, Saleh Mohamed, A. Elnaggar
{"title":"Archaeometallurgical Characterization and Condition Assessment of Ancient Roman Coins from Egypt","authors":"Hasnaa Ahmed, G. Mahgoub, Saleh Mohamed, A. Elnaggar","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.82804.1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.82804.1067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41725454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.36816/SHEDET.2020.137697
M. Othman
This paper deals with an important text written by Al-Tīfashāi (580-651 AH/1184-1253 AD) in his famous book “Aʾzhar al-aʾfkar fī gawaḥīr al-aʾhgar” (=The flowers of thoughts about precious stones). Al-Tīfashāi describes a distinguished method of engraving inscription on coral stone rings by “kḥall Qamr haziq” which means the Glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH). This organic acid is suitable for engraving inscriptions on the surface of coral stone rings. The author interprets Al-Tīfashāi's text following his practical steps, tools, materials used, and the suitable duration for engraving inscription on coral stone rings using this organic acid. From the archaeological point of view, dating the first application of this method on coral button rings “seals” is crucial. The author endeavours to date the coral button rings preserved in the Islamic Art Museum of Cairo, and to prove that this organic acid was the engraving method for the inscriptions. The author proved that engraving inscriptions with organic acid had been applied before using sulphuric acid H2 SO4. Finding out this method of engraving inscriptions by an organic acid. Dating its application during the early Islamic period presents a new scientific contribution to methods of engraving inscriptions (normal or inverted) on archaeological Islamic objects.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.36816/SHEDET.2021.32773.1020
Ali Abdelhalim Ali
This is the publication of a column currently in the Grand Egyptian Museum at Giza. This column is covered with scenes, hieroglyphic texts, and decorative motifs. It is one of the few depictions of a Ptolemaic queen, Cleopatra III, alone offering to deities. Its content shows a period of coregency between her and her son Ptolemy IX. Moreover, it bears new motifs, such as the frieze of Hathoric faces and the rekhyt-bird adoring the divine children of Kom Ombo. This research presents a theological, historical, and palaeographical analytical study of the scenes and texts of the column. Indeed, it also shows the two divine children of Kom Ombo receiving offerings from Ptolemy IX and his mother. A reconstruction of the column is suggested, either as a complete element or locating it on the plan of the Mammisi of Kom Ombo.
{"title":"THE COLUMN OF CLEOPATRA III AND PTOLEMY IX FROM KOM OMBO IN THE GEM (45481)","authors":"Ali Abdelhalim Ali","doi":"10.36816/SHEDET.2021.32773.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36816/SHEDET.2021.32773.1020","url":null,"abstract":"This is the publication of a column currently in the Grand Egyptian Museum at Giza. This column is covered with scenes, hieroglyphic texts, and decorative motifs. It is one of the few depictions of a Ptolemaic queen, Cleopatra III, alone offering to deities. Its content shows a period of coregency between her and her son Ptolemy IX. Moreover, it bears new motifs, such as the frieze of Hathoric faces and the rekhyt-bird adoring the divine children of Kom Ombo. \u0000This research presents a theological, historical, and palaeographical analytical study of the scenes and texts of the column. Indeed, it also shows the two divine children of Kom Ombo receiving offerings from Ptolemy IX and his mother. A reconstruction of the column is suggested, either as a complete element or locating it on the plan of the Mammisi of Kom Ombo.","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42411876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.36816/SHEDET.2021.32069.1012
G. Mahmoud, A. Elserogy
An Assyrian bronze kneading bowel is preserved in the storage area of the Jordanian Heritage Museum. Its diameter is 37 cm, and the height is 16 cm. The bronze bowl suffered from many corrosion forms, as different corrosion layers are visible on the surface. The bronze disease appears in different parts, damaging parts of the edges of the bronze bowl, and holes in the bowl’s body. Samples of corrosion layers were studied using Light Optical Microscope (LOM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X- Ray diffraction (XRD), and (EDX). Analyses indicated that atacamite and paratacamite minerals were the main components in the corrosion samples in addition to quartz and cuprite minerals. Treatment and conservation of the bronze bowl included mechanical and chemical cleaning. Localized electrochemical reduction was used to remove the bronze disease as hydrogen ions reduced these compounds and convert them into water-soluble compounds. A mixture of beeswax, dammar, and colophony resin was used to fill the holes in the bowl body and to complete the edges. Finally, the bronze bowl was isolated using benzotriazole 3%.
{"title":"DETERIORATION AND CONSERVATION OF AN ASSYRIAN BRONZE KNEADING BOWL","authors":"G. Mahmoud, A. Elserogy","doi":"10.36816/SHEDET.2021.32069.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36816/SHEDET.2021.32069.1012","url":null,"abstract":"An Assyrian bronze kneading bowel is preserved in the storage area of the Jordanian Heritage Museum. Its diameter is 37 cm, and the height is 16 cm. The bronze bowl suffered from many corrosion forms, as different corrosion layers are visible on the surface. The bronze disease appears in different parts, damaging parts of the edges of the bronze bowl, and holes in the bowl’s body. Samples of corrosion layers were studied using Light Optical Microscope (LOM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X- Ray diffraction (XRD), and (EDX). Analyses indicated that atacamite and paratacamite minerals were the main components in the corrosion samples in addition to quartz and cuprite minerals. Treatment and conservation of the bronze bowl included mechanical and chemical cleaning. Localized electrochemical reduction was used to remove the bronze disease as hydrogen ions reduced these compounds and convert them into water-soluble compounds. A mixture of beeswax, dammar, and colophony resin was used to fill the holes in the bowl body and to complete the edges. Finally, the bronze bowl was isolated using benzotriazole 3%.","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.36816/SHEDET.2021.41731.1038
M. Khorasani, B. Dwyer, Kaveh Farrokh
The aim of this article is to study the Sassanid armor types and their construction methods based on Sassanid rock reliefs, surviving fragments, armor depicted on Sassanid dishes and stone statues in Iran. The article explains the construction methods of different armor types used by the Sassanids during their rule and how Sassanids influenced the development of armor technology and were influenced by other cultures. Different types of armor used by Sassanids such as mail armor, scale armor, laminated armor (vambraces and greaves), and lamellar armor and their origins are discussed in the article. Hand, arm and leg protection as well as different helmet types used by Sassanids are also analyzed. These include simple bandhelm type, four-part bandhelm type, spangenhelm (strap helmets) type and lamellar helmet type. Different types of shields used by Sassanids are also discussed in the article. Next to archaeological finds, stone and rock reliefs as well as Sassanid iconography are analyzed to describe different types of armor used by Sassanids.
{"title":"SASSANID ARMOR: BACKGROUND, DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY","authors":"M. Khorasani, B. Dwyer, Kaveh Farrokh","doi":"10.36816/SHEDET.2021.41731.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36816/SHEDET.2021.41731.1038","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to study the Sassanid armor types and their construction methods based on Sassanid rock reliefs, surviving fragments, armor depicted on Sassanid dishes and stone statues in Iran. The article explains the construction methods of different armor types used by the Sassanids during their rule and how Sassanids influenced the development of armor technology and were influenced by other cultures. Different types of armor used by Sassanids such as mail armor, scale armor, laminated armor (vambraces and greaves), and lamellar armor and their origins are discussed in the article. Hand, arm and leg protection as well as different helmet types used by Sassanids are also analyzed. These include simple bandhelm type, four-part bandhelm type, spangenhelm (strap helmets) type and lamellar helmet type. Different types of shields used by Sassanids are also discussed in the article. Next to archaeological finds, stone and rock reliefs as well as Sassanid iconography are analyzed to describe different types of armor used by Sassanids.","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45413032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.36816/SHEDET.2020.137669
M. Elsayed
This paper focuses on the multifaceted concepts of bones in texts of Edfu temple. Many religious concepts refer to this issue such as the triumph over the forces of chaos, the legend of Osiris in which his two sisters collected his limbs and bones together, and the myth of Khnum who creates the semen from bones.
{"title":"THE RELIGIOUS CONCEPTS OF BONES IN TEXTS OF EDFU TEMPLE","authors":"M. Elsayed","doi":"10.36816/SHEDET.2020.137669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36816/SHEDET.2020.137669","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the multifaceted concepts of bones in texts of Edfu temple. Many religious concepts refer to this issue such as the triumph over the forces of chaos, the legend of Osiris in which his two sisters collected his limbs and bones together, and the myth of Khnum who creates the semen from bones.","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42550856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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