Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.207871
Z. al Saad, abdelrahman elsetogy, Sana Azaizeh
Copper-based artefacts excavated from high chloride burial environments can develop destructive cyclic corrosion known as the bronze disease when exposed to uncontrolled humidity and oxygen. This research deals with the corrosion behaviour and conservation of a rare Ayyubid Mamluk copper cauldron used for boiling sugar syrup for sugar production in the Jordan Valley. The object was kept in the Museum of Jordanian Heritage storage area for about ten years under uncontrolled and unfavourable climatic conditions. The object developed active corrosion, which threatens its existence. This study aims to preserve the object by implementing proper conservation interventions based on the diagnosis of the corrosion behaviour of the object. Analytical techniques including ICP-OES, X-Ray Diffraction, Optical Microscopy, and Metallographic examinations were used to determine the object chemical composition, manufacturing technology and corrosion behaviour. The object was treated using a multistep conservation process that included mechanical cleaning, treatment with benzotriazole, protective coating and the creation of a controlled microclimate. Its conservation enabled the transfer of the cauldron from being stored to being exhibited. صخلملا ضرعتت عطقلا ةيرثلاا ةعونصملا نم ندعم ساحنلا ةجرختسملاو نم ةئيب يوتحت ىلع زيكرت يلاع نم ويا ن ديارولكلا Chloride Ion عونل نم لكآتلا رمدملا ىمسي ضرم زنوربلا Bronze Disesase امدنع متي اهضبرعت ىلا ةئيب لا متي ةرطيسلا اهيف ىلع ةبسن نيجسكولاا و ةبوطرلا ةيبسنلا . لوانتي اذه ثحبلا كولس فلتلا ةيلمعو صلا ةناي لجرمل يساحن ردان دوعي ةرتفلل ةيبويلاا ةيكولمملا ك نا مدختسي يف ةيلمع عينصت ركسلا يف ةقطنم يداو رلاا ند . ناك اذه لجرملا اظوفحم يف فحتم ثارتلا يندرلاا يف ةعماج كومريلا ةدمل رشع تاونس يف ةئيب ريغ ةبسانم لا متي مكحتلا يف تاجرد ةرارحلا ةبوطرلاو اهيف امم ثدحا افلت اريبك ك دا نا يهني اذه لجرملا يساحنلا ردانلا . يفلاتل اذه رطخلا مت ءارجا تايلمع ةنايصلا ميمرتلاو همزلالا ةدمتعملا ىلع صيخشتلا يملعلا قيقدلا رهاظمل تاببسمو فلتلا تلاو لكآ . مت ءارجا ددع نم ليلاحتلا ةيملعلا ةيربخملا مادختسأب قت ةين ICP-OES دويحو ةعشلاا ةينيسلا X-Ray Diffraction رهجملاو يئوضلا Optical Microscopy صحفو بيكرتلا يندعملا Metallographic Examination ديدحتل بيكرتلا يئايميكلا لجرملل قرطو هعينصت هصئاصخو ةيئايميكلا ةيئايزيفلاو فلتلاو يذلا اصا هب . مت ءارجا ةيلمع ةنايص ميمرتو ةددعتم تاوطخلا لجرملل تنمضت فيظنتلا يكيناكيملا ةجلاعملاو مادختساب حم لول يلوحك ةدامل لوزيارتوزنبلا Benzotriazole هفيلغتو ةدامب ةيامح ةلزاع مث ريفوت ةئيبلا ةيفحتملا ةبسانملا ضل نام ظافحلا هيلع ىلع ىدملا ليوطلا . لضفب هذه ةساردلا مت لقن رملا لج نم نزخم فحتملا ىلا ةعاق ضرعلا ةيسيئرلا حبصيل و ادحا نم تاضورعم فحتملا ةمهملا .
{"title":"Conservation of An Actively Corroding Rare Copper-based Object from The Museum of Jordanian Heritage, Jordan","authors":"Z. al Saad, abdelrahman elsetogy, Sana Azaizeh","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.207871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.207871","url":null,"abstract":"Copper-based artefacts excavated from high chloride burial environments can develop destructive cyclic corrosion known as the bronze disease when exposed to uncontrolled humidity and oxygen. This research deals with the corrosion behaviour and conservation of a rare Ayyubid Mamluk copper cauldron used for boiling sugar syrup for sugar production in the Jordan Valley. The object was kept in the Museum of Jordanian Heritage storage area for about ten years under uncontrolled and unfavourable climatic conditions. The object developed active corrosion, which threatens its existence. This study aims to preserve the object by implementing proper conservation interventions based on the diagnosis of the corrosion behaviour of the object. Analytical techniques including ICP-OES, X-Ray Diffraction, Optical Microscopy, and Metallographic examinations were used to determine the object chemical composition, manufacturing technology and corrosion behaviour. The object was treated using a multistep conservation process that included mechanical cleaning, treatment with benzotriazole, protective coating and the creation of a controlled microclimate. Its conservation enabled the transfer of the cauldron from being stored to being exhibited. صخلملا ضرعتت عطقلا ةيرثلاا ةعونصملا نم ندعم ساحنلا ةجرختسملاو نم ةئيب يوتحت ىلع زيكرت يلاع نم ويا ن ديارولكلا Chloride Ion عونل نم لكآتلا رمدملا ىمسي ضرم زنوربلا Bronze Disesase امدنع متي اهضبرعت ىلا ةئيب لا متي ةرطيسلا اهيف ىلع ةبسن نيجسكولاا و ةبوطرلا ةيبسنلا . لوانتي اذه ثحبلا كولس فلتلا ةيلمعو صلا ةناي لجرمل يساحن ردان دوعي ةرتفلل ةيبويلاا ةيكولمملا ك نا مدختسي يف ةيلمع عينصت ركسلا يف ةقطنم يداو رلاا ند . ناك اذه لجرملا اظوفحم يف فحتم ثارتلا يندرلاا يف ةعماج كومريلا ةدمل رشع تاونس يف ةئيب ريغ ةبسانم لا متي مكحتلا يف تاجرد ةرارحلا ةبوطرلاو اهيف امم ثدحا افلت اريبك ك دا نا يهني اذه لجرملا يساحنلا ردانلا . يفلاتل اذه رطخلا مت ءارجا تايلمع ةنايصلا ميمرتلاو همزلالا ةدمتعملا ىلع صيخشتلا يملعلا قيقدلا رهاظمل تاببسمو فلتلا تلاو لكآ . مت ءارجا ددع نم ليلاحتلا ةيملعلا ةيربخملا مادختسأب قت ةين ICP-OES دويحو ةعشلاا ةينيسلا X-Ray Diffraction رهجملاو يئوضلا Optical Microscopy صحفو بيكرتلا يندعملا Metallographic Examination ديدحتل بيكرتلا يئايميكلا لجرملل قرطو هعينصت هصئاصخو ةيئايميكلا ةيئايزيفلاو فلتلاو يذلا اصا هب . مت ءارجا ةيلمع ةنايص ميمرتو ةددعتم تاوطخلا لجرملل تنمضت فيظنتلا يكيناكيملا ةجلاعملاو مادختساب حم لول يلوحك ةدامل لوزيارتوزنبلا Benzotriazole هفيلغتو ةدامب ةيامح ةلزاع مث ريفوت ةئيبلا ةيفحتملا ةبسانملا ضل نام ظافحلا هيلع ىلع ىدملا ليوطلا . لضفب هذه ةساردلا مت لقن رملا لج نم نزخم فحتملا ىلا ةعاق ضرعلا ةيسيئرلا حبصيل و ادحا نم تاضورعم فحتملا ةمهملا .","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.207838
A. Kamal, Tamer mokhtar
Most preserved Arabic documents come from al-Fayyūm. The publication and study of these documents rewrites the history of this region in the early Islamic era. Among the topics recorded on these documents are sales contracts, revealing one important practical application of the Islamic law. This article aims to publish and discuss a warehouse makhzan and a portico usṭuwān sale contract, currently preserved at the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo and dated 371 AH / 981 AD. These are compared to similar published contracts and the data provided in legal handbooks. صخلملا يمتنت ةيقابلا ةيبرعلا قئاثولا مظعم مويفلا ىلإ . نكميو يملاسلإا رصعلا يف ةقطنملا هذه خيرات ةباتك ةداعإ ركبملا دوقعربتعتو .قئاثولا هذه ةساردو رشن مت ام اذإ عيبلا ةعيرشلل ةيلمعلا تاقيبطتلا مهأ دحأ لثمت يتلاو ةيملاسلإا هذه اهتلجس يتلا تاعوضوملا مهأ نيب نم .قئاثولا رشن ىلإ ةساردلا هذه فدهتو ةساردو نزخم عيب دقع يملاسلإا نفلا فحتم يف اًيلاح ظوفحم ناوطسأو خرؤم وهو ةرهاقلاب 173 /ـه 183 .م ءوض يف كلذو لا ةهباشملا قئاثولا هقفلا بتك يف درو امو ةروشنم .قئاثولا نم عونلا اذه نع يملاسلإا
{"title":"Warehouse Sale Contract from Al-Fayyūm from The Year 371 ah / 981 ce","authors":"A. Kamal, Tamer mokhtar","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.207838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.207838","url":null,"abstract":"Most preserved Arabic documents come from al-Fayyūm. The publication and study of these documents rewrites the history of this region in the early Islamic era. Among the topics recorded on these documents are sales contracts, revealing one important practical application of the Islamic law. This article aims to publish and discuss a warehouse makhzan and a portico usṭuwān sale contract, currently preserved at the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo and dated 371 AH / 981 AD. These are compared to similar published contracts and the data provided in legal handbooks. صخلملا يمتنت ةيقابلا ةيبرعلا قئاثولا مظعم مويفلا ىلإ . نكميو يملاسلإا رصعلا يف ةقطنملا هذه خيرات ةباتك ةداعإ ركبملا دوقعربتعتو .قئاثولا هذه ةساردو رشن مت ام اذإ عيبلا ةعيرشلل ةيلمعلا تاقيبطتلا مهأ دحأ لثمت يتلاو ةيملاسلإا هذه اهتلجس يتلا تاعوضوملا مهأ نيب نم .قئاثولا رشن ىلإ ةساردلا هذه فدهتو ةساردو نزخم عيب دقع يملاسلإا نفلا فحتم يف اًيلاح ظوفحم ناوطسأو خرؤم وهو ةرهاقلاب 173 /ـه 183 .م ءوض يف كلذو لا ةهباشملا قئاثولا هقفلا بتك يف درو امو ةروشنم .قئاثولا نم عونلا اذه نع يملاسلإا","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44082855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.207866
A. Elshabrawy, Mona Ali
The black crust phenomenon appears clearly in the Bannentiu tomb, an ancient Egyptian tomb back to the 26th dynasty in the Bahariya oasis, one of the main iron ores in Egypt’s western desert. The black crusts are attributed to the high content of Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides components in the sandstone host rock formation as cement materials. Nondestructive investigations were carried out for the collected samples using optical microscopy, XRD, XRF, and SEM–EDX analyses. The observed results indicate that silica, iron, manganese compounds, clay minerals, and other remaining elements classify the black crusts as one of the rock varnish species. The present study aims to analyze and classify the chemical composition and mineralogy of the black crusts formed on the wall paintings of the Bannentiu tomb. Moreover, the study proposes a model formation for the rock varnish on the Bannentiu tomb wall painting. The proposed simulation relies on high ratios of Fe and Mn in the host rock and the microclimatic factors that cause the migration of these elements to the surface, with the oxidization factors giving rise to oxides and hydroxides low crystallinity. صخلملا يهو ،ويتنيناب ةربقم يف ءادوسلا ةرشقلا ةرهاظ حضتت ةسداسلا ةرسلأا ىلإ دوعت ةميدق ةيرصم ةربقم نيرشعلاو تاماخ مهأ دحأ دعت يتلا ةيرحبلا تاحاولا يف كلت دوجو ىزعيو .رصمب ةيبرغلا ءارحصلا يف ديدحلا ديساكأ نم يلاعلا ىوتحملا ىلإ ءادوسلا روشقلا رجحلا نيوكت يف زينجنملاو ديدحلا تاديسكورديهو ريغ ليلاحتلاو صوحفلا ءارجإ مت .ةطبار داومك يلمرلا عمج مت يتلا تانيعلل ةفلتملا حفلا نم لاك مادختساب اه ص دوزملا حساملا ينورتكللأا بوكسركيملاو يرهجملا دويحو ةينيسلا ةعشلأا رولفتو يرصنعلا ليلحتلا ةدحوب ديدحلاو اكيليسلا نأ ىلإ جئاتنلا تراشأو .ةينيسلا ةعشلأا ةيقبتملا رصانعلاو ةينيطلا نداعملاو زينجنملا تابكرمو شقلا فينصت نم اننكمت ىرخلأا ةربقملاب ءادوسلا رو .يرخصلا شينرولا عاونأ دحأك بيكرتلا فينصتو ليلحت ىلإ ةيلاحلا ةساردلا فدهت ىلع ةنوكتملا ءادوسلا روشقلل يندعملاو يئايميكلا ،كلذ ىلع ةولاع .ويتنناب ةربقمب ةيرادجلا تاحوللا حطسلاا ىلع اهنوكتل يكاحم جذومن ةساردلا حرتقت دمتعت .ةربقملل ةنولملا ىوتحم ىلع ةحرتقملا ةاكاحملا لماوعلا كلذكو يجولويجلا نيوكتلاب زينجنملاو ديدحلا يف ،حطسلا ىلإ رصانعلا هذه ةرجه ببست يتلا ةيخانملا رولبت ضافخنا ىلإ يدؤت يتلا ةدسكلأا لماوع دوجو لظ يرخصلا شينرولا ةقبط يف تاديسكورديهلاو ديساكلأا .
{"title":"Characterization of Rock Varnish Ferromanganese Crusts on Ancient Egyptian Wall Paintings from Bahariya Oasis, Egypt","authors":"A. Elshabrawy, Mona Ali","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.207866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.207866","url":null,"abstract":"The black crust phenomenon appears clearly in the Bannentiu tomb, an ancient Egyptian tomb back to the 26th dynasty in the Bahariya oasis, one of the main iron ores in Egypt’s western desert. The black crusts are attributed to the high content of Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides components in the sandstone host rock formation as cement materials. Nondestructive investigations were carried out for the collected samples using optical microscopy, XRD, XRF, and SEM–EDX analyses. The observed results indicate that silica, iron, manganese compounds, clay minerals, and other remaining elements classify the black crusts as one of the rock varnish species. The present study aims to analyze and classify the chemical composition and mineralogy of the black crusts formed on the wall paintings of the Bannentiu tomb. Moreover, the study proposes a model formation for the rock varnish on the Bannentiu tomb wall painting. The proposed simulation relies on high ratios of Fe and Mn in the host rock and the microclimatic factors that cause the migration of these elements to the surface, with the oxidization factors giving rise to oxides and hydroxides low crystallinity. صخلملا يهو ،ويتنيناب ةربقم يف ءادوسلا ةرشقلا ةرهاظ حضتت ةسداسلا ةرسلأا ىلإ دوعت ةميدق ةيرصم ةربقم نيرشعلاو تاماخ مهأ دحأ دعت يتلا ةيرحبلا تاحاولا يف كلت دوجو ىزعيو .رصمب ةيبرغلا ءارحصلا يف ديدحلا ديساكأ نم يلاعلا ىوتحملا ىلإ ءادوسلا روشقلا رجحلا نيوكت يف زينجنملاو ديدحلا تاديسكورديهو ريغ ليلاحتلاو صوحفلا ءارجإ مت .ةطبار داومك يلمرلا عمج مت يتلا تانيعلل ةفلتملا حفلا نم لاك مادختساب اه ص دوزملا حساملا ينورتكللأا بوكسركيملاو يرهجملا دويحو ةينيسلا ةعشلأا رولفتو يرصنعلا ليلحتلا ةدحوب ديدحلاو اكيليسلا نأ ىلإ جئاتنلا تراشأو .ةينيسلا ةعشلأا ةيقبتملا رصانعلاو ةينيطلا نداعملاو زينجنملا تابكرمو شقلا فينصت نم اننكمت ىرخلأا ةربقملاب ءادوسلا رو .يرخصلا شينرولا عاونأ دحأك بيكرتلا فينصتو ليلحت ىلإ ةيلاحلا ةساردلا فدهت ىلع ةنوكتملا ءادوسلا روشقلل يندعملاو يئايميكلا ،كلذ ىلع ةولاع .ويتنناب ةربقمب ةيرادجلا تاحوللا حطسلاا ىلع اهنوكتل يكاحم جذومن ةساردلا حرتقت دمتعت .ةربقملل ةنولملا ىوتحم ىلع ةحرتقملا ةاكاحملا لماوعلا كلذكو يجولويجلا نيوكتلاب زينجنملاو ديدحلا يف ،حطسلا ىلإ رصانعلا هذه ةرجه ببست يتلا ةيخانملا رولبت ضافخنا ىلإ يدؤت يتلا ةدسكلأا لماوع دوجو لظ يرخصلا شينرولا ةقبط يف تاديسكورديهلاو ديساكلأا .","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45846849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.207776
M. Kafafy
Two funerary stelae, preserved in the Grand Egyptian Museum, are studied, both show the same individual named piAy. With their provenance unknown, their style allows to date to the 19 and 20 Dynasties. The first GEM 9295 with a pyramidion on top shows two main registers. The second GEM 9444 is a rounded-top stela with one large scene. The study includes transliteration, translation, and analysis of names and accompanying titles, as well a proposed reconstruction of the family tree of the owner of the first stelae. صخلملا نيتيزئانج نيتحول ةساردو رشن ىلإ ثحبلا فدهي ىعدي صخش مسإ لمحي امهلاك piAy نيتظوفحم روثعلا ناكم ،ةزيجلاب ريبكلا ىرصملا فحتملاب نم ةديج ةلاح ىف ناتحوللا ،مولعم ريغ امهيلع مقر لمحت ىلولأا ةحوللا ،ظفحلا (GEM 9295) نييوتسم ىلإ ةمسقم لكشلا ةيمره ةمق اهل ئر سي نيي ، وأ رشع ةعساتلا ةرسلأا نيب ام ةرتفلاب خرؤت ةيناثلا ةحوللا ،نيرشعلا (GEM 9444) ةمق اهل ةرتفلا سفنب خرؤتو دحاو ىوتسم تاذ ةريدتسم ةينمزلا . ةءارق نمضتي نيتحوللا نيتاهل ًارشن ةساردلا مدقت ًلاضف ،ةبحاصملا باقللأاو ءامسلأا ليلحتو ةمجرتو ةرجش مهفل ةلواحم نع .يلولأا ةحوللا بحاص ةلئاع
{"title":"Two Ramesside Stelae at The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM 9295 & 9444)","authors":"M. Kafafy","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.207776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.207776","url":null,"abstract":"Two funerary stelae, preserved in the Grand Egyptian Museum, are studied, both show the same individual named piAy. With their provenance unknown, their style allows to date to the 19 and 20 Dynasties. The first GEM 9295 with a pyramidion on top shows two main registers. The second GEM 9444 is a rounded-top stela with one large scene. The study includes transliteration, translation, and analysis of names and accompanying titles, as well a proposed reconstruction of the family tree of the owner of the first stelae. صخلملا نيتيزئانج نيتحول ةساردو رشن ىلإ ثحبلا فدهي ىعدي صخش مسإ لمحي امهلاك piAy نيتظوفحم روثعلا ناكم ،ةزيجلاب ريبكلا ىرصملا فحتملاب نم ةديج ةلاح ىف ناتحوللا ،مولعم ريغ امهيلع مقر لمحت ىلولأا ةحوللا ،ظفحلا (GEM 9295) نييوتسم ىلإ ةمسقم لكشلا ةيمره ةمق اهل ئر سي نيي ، وأ رشع ةعساتلا ةرسلأا نيب ام ةرتفلاب خرؤت ةيناثلا ةحوللا ،نيرشعلا (GEM 9444) ةمق اهل ةرتفلا سفنب خرؤتو دحاو ىوتسم تاذ ةريدتسم ةينمزلا . ةءارق نمضتي نيتحوللا نيتاهل ًارشن ةساردلا مدقت ًلاضف ،ةبحاصملا باقللأاو ءامسلأا ليلحتو ةمجرتو ةرجش مهفل ةلواحم نع .يلولأا ةحوللا بحاص ةلئاع","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48296065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.207781
Tamer Hussein
INTRODUCTION A stela kept at the Grand Egyptian Museum (inventory number GEM 23753), was excavated at el-Lisht by the expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1907-1908). This stela has not been fully published hitherto. It was found in the south chamber of pit 412, in Lisht North (Pyramid Temple of Amenemhat I). The same pit contained another stela of Hpw, which is now in the Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami (877509), and a superb royal head, possibly representing Amenemhat IV (New York, MMA 08.200.2).
{"title":"The Stela of Hepu from The Late Middle Kingdom (GEM 23753/ JE 41638)","authors":"Tamer Hussein","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.207781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.207781","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION A stela kept at the Grand Egyptian Museum (inventory number GEM 23753), was excavated at el-Lisht by the expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1907-1908). This stela has not been fully published hitherto. It was found in the south chamber of pit 412, in Lisht North (Pyramid Temple of Amenemhat I). The same pit contained another stela of Hpw, which is now in the Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami (877509), and a superb royal head, possibly representing Amenemhat IV (New York, MMA 08.200.2).","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45567616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.207836
Ghada Elgemaiey
This paper will trace the influence of Islamic architecture on Sikh buildings in the Punjab region of the north–west of India (10th-13 AH/ 16-19 CE. This influence was a direct result of the solid roots of Islamic architecture India’s Mughal Empire during the same aforementioned period. In return, the latter influenced by Islamic art and architecture in Iran. This manuscript presents Sikh religious architecture along with its origins and components; by giving a brief overview of the Sikhism’s various contexts including the region, socio-political history and analysing its architecture. It focuses on the Gurudwara; the temple and the focal point of the Sikhism. The paper shows to what extend the Gurudwara is a distinguished example showing the combination of Mughal Indian and Safavid architecture along with Sikh entirely new units. Moreover, Hindu architecture was also one of the Gurudwara architecture origins as appear in the distribution of the units. The study concluded that the similarity of Islamic architecture and Sikh architecture is due to that many architects and artists of the Gurudwara were Muslims. صخلملا ر ةساردلا هذه فدهت ثأتلا دص لإا تاري ىلع ةيملاس خيسلا رئامع ةيلامشلا ةهجلا يف باچنبلا ةقطنم يف دنهلا نم ةيبرغلا ، تادحوو رصانع عبتت للاخ نم ،ةيخيسلا دباعملا اهدفاور مهأ حيضوتو ةرتفلا للاخ 01 01 /ـه 01 01 م . ةرشابم ةجيتن تاريثأتلا هذه ةرامعلل لاعفلا دجاوتلل ةرتفلا يف دنهلا يف ةيملاسلإا نفلاب حضاو لكشب اهرودب ةريخلأا ترثأتو ،اهسفن .ناريإ يف ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو تضرع ةساردلا ل ةرامعل ةينيدلا ةيخيسلا اهرصانعو ةفلتخملا تاقايسلا نع زجوم ميدقت ربع ؛اهلوصأو يسايسلا خيراتلاو ،ةقطنملا خيرات اًنمضتم ةيخيسلل لل يعامتجلااو ليلحتو ،ثحبلا عوضوم ةينمزلا ةرتفل قرولا زكرت .اهترامع ةرامع ىلع ةيثحبلا ة اراودوروجلا .ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا رهوجو دبعملا ، ةرامع تحضوأ ةجرد يأ ىلإ ةساردلا رهظت رصانع جزم حضوي اعًئار اجًذومن لثمت اراودوروجلا لًاضف ،ةيوفصلا ةرامعلاو ةيلوغملا ةيدنهلا ةرامعلا نم نع ىلع ةولاع .امًامت ةديدج ةيخيس تادحوو رصانع دفاور دحأ كلذك ةيسودنهلا ةرامعلا تلكش دقف ،كلذ يف تادحولا عيزوت نم رهظي امك ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا .اراودوروجلا ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا نيب هباشتلا نأب ةساردلا يهتنتو نييرامعم لمع ريثأت ىلإ دوعي ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو ملسم نينانفو .اراودوروجلا ةرامع يف ني
{"title":"The Influences of Islamic Architecture on Sikh Architecture in Punjab Region from The 16th-19th ce","authors":"Ghada Elgemaiey","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.207836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.207836","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will trace the influence of Islamic architecture on Sikh buildings in the Punjab region of the north–west of India (10th-13 AH/ 16-19 CE. This influence was a direct result of the solid roots of Islamic architecture India’s Mughal Empire during the same aforementioned period. In return, the latter influenced by Islamic art and architecture in Iran. This manuscript presents Sikh religious architecture along with its origins and components; by giving a brief overview of the Sikhism’s various contexts including the region, socio-political history and analysing its architecture. It focuses on the Gurudwara; the temple and the focal point of the Sikhism. The paper shows to what extend the Gurudwara is a distinguished example showing the combination of Mughal Indian and Safavid architecture along with Sikh entirely new units. Moreover, Hindu architecture was also one of the Gurudwara architecture origins as appear in the distribution of the units. The study concluded that the similarity of Islamic architecture and Sikh architecture is due to that many architects and artists of the Gurudwara were Muslims. صخلملا ر ةساردلا هذه فدهت ثأتلا دص لإا تاري ىلع ةيملاس خيسلا رئامع ةيلامشلا ةهجلا يف باچنبلا ةقطنم يف دنهلا نم ةيبرغلا ، تادحوو رصانع عبتت للاخ نم ،ةيخيسلا دباعملا اهدفاور مهأ حيضوتو ةرتفلا للاخ 01 01 /ـه 01 01 م . ةرشابم ةجيتن تاريثأتلا هذه ةرامعلل لاعفلا دجاوتلل ةرتفلا يف دنهلا يف ةيملاسلإا نفلاب حضاو لكشب اهرودب ةريخلأا ترثأتو ،اهسفن .ناريإ يف ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو تضرع ةساردلا ل ةرامعل ةينيدلا ةيخيسلا اهرصانعو ةفلتخملا تاقايسلا نع زجوم ميدقت ربع ؛اهلوصأو يسايسلا خيراتلاو ،ةقطنملا خيرات اًنمضتم ةيخيسلل لل يعامتجلااو ليلحتو ،ثحبلا عوضوم ةينمزلا ةرتفل قرولا زكرت .اهترامع ةرامع ىلع ةيثحبلا ة اراودوروجلا .ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا رهوجو دبعملا ، ةرامع تحضوأ ةجرد يأ ىلإ ةساردلا رهظت رصانع جزم حضوي اعًئار اجًذومن لثمت اراودوروجلا لًاضف ،ةيوفصلا ةرامعلاو ةيلوغملا ةيدنهلا ةرامعلا نم نع ىلع ةولاع .امًامت ةديدج ةيخيس تادحوو رصانع دفاور دحأ كلذك ةيسودنهلا ةرامعلا تلكش دقف ،كلذ يف تادحولا عيزوت نم رهظي امك ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا .اراودوروجلا ةيخيسلا ةرامعلا نيب هباشتلا نأب ةساردلا يهتنتو نييرامعم لمع ريثأت ىلإ دوعي ةيملاسلإا ةرامعلاو ملسم نينانفو .اراودوروجلا ةرامع يف ني","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45626418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.207779
Nashat Alzohary
{"title":"A Ptolemaic Naophorous Statue from The Karnak Cachette (CAIRO JE 36682)","authors":"Nashat Alzohary","doi":"10.21608/shedet.2021.207779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/shedet.2021.207779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52281,"journal":{"name":"Shedet","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45713444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.205866
Marwa A. Ewais
This paper publishes the hieratic ostracon (O. NMEC 339) stored in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization at Cairo, discovered during Edda Bresciani's excavations at Gurna in Thutmose IV temple in the 1970s. Its exact provenance in the temple is unknown, but it is among a group of hieratic ostraca that was found. The ostracon is a literary fragment inscribed with section 14 of a Loyalist Instruction of Kairsu, considered one of the important literary texts from the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom. This ostracon is a novel addition to the 18 Dynasty corpus of this composition, which is better known from its Ramesside version. صخلملا ةفاقشلا رشن يلا ةساردلا هذه فدهت O. NMEC 339 طاطسفلاب ةراضحلا فحتمب ةظوفحملاو و فحتملا تلاجسل اقفو نمض نم يهف رئافح عبارلا سمتحت دبعم يف تانيعبسلا فصتنم يف ةنرقلا ةطساوب Edda Bresciani ريغ نكل يهو دبعملاب اهيلع روثعلا ناكم ديدحتلاب روكذم يتلا ةيقيطاريهلا اكارتسولاا نم ةعومجم نمض ناكملا سفن يف اهيلع روثعلا مت . هذه لثمتو ةعطقلا ةرقفلا نم ءزج 41 ءلاولا ميلاعت صن نم ـب صاخلا Kairsu نم ربتعت يتلاو صوصنلا يتلا هماهلا ةيبدلاا ةلودلا رصع نم ءادتبا ترهظ ىطسولا ةلودلا رصع للاخ ترشتناو تعاشو .ةثيدحلا يف ةعطقلا هذه رشن ةيمهأ نمكت اهنا ةفاضإ نع ةرابع خسنل نم ةرشع ةنماثلا ةرسلأا نم رشع عبارلا مسقلا اذه ميلاعت Kairsu ، امك اهنا تاريغتملا ضعب ىلع يوتحت تامسلاو نم ةسماعرلا رصع خسنب ةنراقم اذه .صنلا
这篇论文出版了开罗埃及国家公民博物馆收藏的《山脉山脉》（O.NMEC 339），1970年代，艾达·布雷西亚尼在Thutmose IV Temple对古尔纳进行了探索。该公约目前的例外情况尚不清楚，但它属于已经成立的一个山脉。“外大陆架”是与《开尔索忠诚宣言》第14节相混淆的一条陆地边界，这是来自中王国和新王国的重要陆地边界之一。这是对该组合18个动态组的新补充，从其ramesside版本中可以更好地了解这一点。沙德拉这些NMEC杀死了339名鱼雷伊塔里哈拉·阿卡苏拉（Itarihila Akarsula）睡着，我们的头骨在船上奔跑，恐怖的罗斯拉死了。这是一个安静的过程。41个混浊的睡眠。Kairsu睡了一个尖叫的过程，我看着一个被忽视的铃铛，相反，他睡了一个昏昏欲睡的气球，然后睡了一个躺在湿巾上的铃铛，另一个睡了一个睡着的塔什塔诺巢，这是一个让我们陷入困境的过程。阻止第四条蛇口吹起雕像
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.205859
Emad Elsayyad
The Saudi General Department of Antiquities and Museums in 1988 discovered six collective burials at the socalled industrial site "Sanaciye" in Tayma. An Egyptian-style scarab with an inscription of the name of the god Amun was found on the site. The excavation report neglected to study this scarab, its presence in these burials, and its purpose. This scarab was not the only object representing the Egyptian influence, as a Wadjet-eye amulet accompanied it. The report itself has failed to describe and date these objects. The significance of this study is clarified by historically contextualising the data to identify the function of this scarab. Indeed, in Egypt, this object tended to be used as a seal or as a protection amulet. Both functions are considered as the scarab only bears the signs of the name Amun. In addition, this paper attempted to determine the scarab’s date, identifying it to be the reigns of Ramesses III or his successor at the latest. This reflects the Egyptian presence in the Late Ramesside era, in the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula. صخلملا تفشك ةرادلإا ةماعلا راثلآل فحاتملاو ةكلمملاب ةيبرعلا ةيدوعسلا يف ةقطنم ةيعانصلا ءاميتب ماع 8811 م ىلع ةعومجم نم رباقملا ،ةيعامجلا ناكو نم نيب تافشتكملا عقوملاب نارعج وذ زارط يرصم هيلعو شوقن لمحت مسا هللإا نومآ . ملو ينتعي ريرقت رئافحلا ةساردب اذه نارعجلا سو بب هدوجو يف اذه عقوملا ضرغلاو هنم . يف عقاولا مل نكي اذه نارعجلا وه ةعطقلا ةيرثلأا ةديحولا يتلا لمحت ريثأتلا ،يرصملا لب هبحاص ةعطق ىرخأ لثمت ةميمت نيع ،تاجو لاإ نأ ريرقتلا هسفن ق د قفخأ يف فصو خيرأتو كلت عطقلا . انهو ىلجتت يمهأ ة ةساردلا يف فيظوت ضعب تايطعملا ةيخيراتلا ف ي ةلواحم فرعتلل ىلع ةفيظو اذه ،نارعجلا له ناك ختسي د م متخك وأ ةميمتك ؟ةيامح ةصاخ هنأو لمحي مسا هللإا نومآ طقف . لاضف نع ةلواحم خيرأتلا ينمزلا هل ثيح تجتنتسا ةساردلا حيجرتلا أب هن يمتني دهعل كلملا سيسمعر ثلاثلا وأ هفلخ لع ى رثكأ ريدقت . وهو ام سكعي هرودب دوجولا يرصملا كاذنآ يف نكرلا يلامشلا يبرغلا نم ةريزجلا ةيبرعلا يف فصنلا يناثلا نم رصع ةسماعرلا .
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Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/shedet.2021.205852
Abdel-Basset Abdel-Fattah
This paper examines the torso of a male figure housed in Kom-Oushim storeroom, El-Fayoum (Inv.no.307). This torso is carved in sandstone with a height of about 1.16 m. The head and feet are missing. The back-pillar is badly-damaged as well. The torso represents a man standing in a fullfrontal pose, wearing two tight garments; a tight short-sleeved tunic with a roundshaped neck, and an Egyptian fringed mantel grasped by the left hand. The right arm is stretching along the body. The left leg is advanced, while the right leg is straight and pulled back. The main challenge in studying this torso is the lack of information about its archaeological context, the missing head, and the bad condition of the back pillar. The pattern of the dress helps the stylistic analysis, to understand the dedication and context of this torso. This torso represents a governor (strategos), and dates to the end of the 1 century BC or the beginning of the 1 century AD. صخلملا لجرل لاثمت عذج ,ةيثحبلا ةقرولا هذه لوانتت موكب يفحتملا نزخملاب نلآا ظوفحم فلاب ميشوأ موي ( مقرب 703 دحأ ةزوحب دجو عذجلا اذه فسلأل .) , اهنم يتأ يتلا ةهجلا ملعُيلاو صاخشلأا ام وهو ,لاثمتلا بحاص ةيصخش ديدحت يف ًايدحت لكش رجحلا نم عذجلا .هيلإ يمتني يذلا رصعلاو ,هتفيظو هعافترا ,يلمرلا ,1,1 لجرلأاو ,سأرلا ,م ةلاح يف عذجلا معدت يتلا ةيفلخلا ةماعدلا ,ةدوقفم ,يماملأا عضولا يف عذجلا فقي .ظفحلا نم ةئيس ىرسيلا مدقلا يب ,هينثنمو ةمدقتم تمت ينميلا امن د ةبقرو ةريصق مامكأب قيض نوتيخ يدتري ,فلخلل لفسأ نم دتمت ةمكحمُ ةءابع هولعيو , لكشلا ةيرئاد ديلا يطغتو رسيلأا فتكلا يلع لدسنتو ىرسيلا ديلا ىرسيلا امنيب ,دسجلاب قصتلت ينميلا ديلا .ىرسيلا ت .ذخفلا يلعأ ءادرلاب كسمُتل ينثن راقملا ةلثملأا ةن مت يتلا عدي لا امب ,تتبثأ ةساردلا هذه يف اهلوانت رابك دحلأ لاثمت صخي عذجلا نأ ,كشلل ًلااجم للاخ نم نكمأ امك ,مويفلا نم )مكاح( نيفظوملا ةنراقملا ةلثملأاو سبلاملا زارط ةسارد خيرأت اب لاثمتلا وأ يملطبلا رصعلا نم ةرخأتملا ةرتفل ا ديدحت نكميو ,ينامورلا رصعلا نم ةركبملا تفل ةر نرقلا ةيادب وأ .م.ق لولأا نرقلا ةياهنب ةينمزلا
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