International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture最新文献_第4页

Comparative analysis of bobbin tool and one-step double-acting tool in friction stir welding of aluminum AA1100 AA1100铝合金搅拌摩擦焊中筒子刀与一步双作用刀的对比分析

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.05.002

Yudha Eko Widyantono , Yoshihiko Uematsu , Ilhamdi , Sulardjaka , Jos Istiyanto , Muizuddin Azka , Nurul Muhayat , Triyono

Aluminum's lightweight nature and corrosion resistance make it a preferred material across various industries, including marine, automotive, railway, and aerospace sectors. However, traditional fusion welding of aluminum often leads to significant defects such as porosity and distortion. Friction Stir Welding (FSW), a solid-state welding technique, addresses many of these challenges but has limitations when welding thick plates, which can be alleviated through the use of a bobbin tool. This study presents a comparative analysis of a novel one-step double-acting tool, which operates dual tools simultaneously on both surfaces of the workpiece, against the bobbin tool. Aluminum AA1100 sheets measuring 200 × 240 mm and 8 mm thick were welded using both methods under standardized parameters: a tool rotation speed of 1500 rpm, a plunge depth of 0.2 mm, a travel speed of 25 mm/min, and a tilt angle of 2°. By varying the offset of the one-step double-acting tool between 0 mm and 2 mm, the impact on bead appearance and mechanical properties was assessed. Results indicated that the bobbin tool produced rougher beads and tear defects due to its design, while the one-step double-acting tool, particularly at a 2 mm offset, yielded cleaner, more uniform welds with fewer defects and enhanced material control. Microstructural analysis showed that the stir zone exhibited uniform grain refinement, and the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) benefited from finer grain structures due to improved heat management. Hardness testing revealed a characteristic W-shaped distribution, and tensile strength evaluations demonstrated the superior joint quality of the 2 mm offset, outperforming the bobbin tool in tensile strength and defect reduction. Although the bobbin tool showed slightly higher average strength in bending tests, the one-step double-acting tool proved to be more consistent and reliable.

铝的轻质特性和耐腐蚀性使其成为各种行业的首选材料，包括船舶，汽车，铁路和航空航天部门。然而，传统的铝熔焊常常导致气孔和变形等严重缺陷。搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）是一种固态焊接技术，它解决了许多这些挑战，但在焊接厚板时存在局限性，这可以通过使用线轴工具来缓解。本研究提出了一种新型的一步双作用刀具的比较分析，该刀具在工件的两个表面上同时操作两个刀具，对筒管刀具。焊接尺寸为200 × 240 mm，厚度为8 mm的AA1100铝板，焊接时采用两种焊接方法，焊接参数为：刀具转速1500转/分，插入深度0.2 mm，移动速度25 mm/min，倾斜角度2°。通过改变一步双作用工具的偏移量在0 mm和2 mm之间，评估了对头外观和机械性能的影响。结果表明，由于其设计，筒管工具产生了更粗糙的珠子和撕裂缺陷，而一步双作用工具，特别是在2mm偏移处，产生了更清洁，更均匀的焊缝，缺陷更少，并加强了材料控制。显微组织分析表明，搅拌区晶粒细化均匀，热影响区由于热管理的改善晶粒细化而受益。硬度测试显示出典型的w形分布，抗拉强度评估表明2mm偏移的接头质量更好，在抗拉强度和减少缺陷方面优于线轴工具。虽然在弯曲测试中，筒管工具的平均强度略高，但单步双作用工具的一致性和可靠性更高。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of UV-curable resin-SiC composites for enhanced performance in abrasive applications 紫外光固化树脂-碳化硅复合材料的机械和热性能评价，以提高磨料应用的性能

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.007

Babak Houshmand, Seyed Mohsen Safavi, Mehdi Karevan

This research investigates the mechanical and thermal properties of a novel composite material designed for applications in the finishing industry, particularly in abrasive tools such as grinding wheels. The composite comprises a UV-curable ABS-like resin, silicon carbide (SiC) grains with an average particle size of 150 μm, and fumed silica utilized as an anti-settling agent. The choice of ABS-like resin is motivated by its elasticity, which enhances impact resistance while minimizing thermal effects during usage. Fabrication of this composite material was achieved through stereolithography-based 3D printing technology, allowing for precise control over material properties and geometrical configurations.

Standard test specimens were produced and subjected to a comprehensive series of evaluations, including tensile strength, compression, Charpy impact, hardness, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), and wear tests, following ASTM standards. The results from these tests were analyzed to gain insight into the performance characteristics and applicability of this novel composite in demanding environments.

To further explore the capabilities of the discussed composite, two grinding tool samples were designed and manufactured. A comparison of grinding performance between the T100 tool, a structured tool, and the Simple Tool, a non-structured tool has been discussed. The analysis focuses on their efficiency when grinding Aluminum T6 and MO40 steel, examining critical performance parameters such as cutting forces, surface roughness, tool wear, force-damping behavior, and the impact of the elastic ABS-like resin used in these tools. This study provides valuable information for the implementation of such composites in the finishing industry, highlighting their potential advantages in abrasive applications.

本研究调查了一种新型复合材料的机械和热性能，该材料设计用于精加工工业，特别是磨具，如砂轮。该复合材料包括可紫外光固化的abs类树脂、平均粒径为150 μm的碳化硅（SiC）颗粒和用作抗沉降剂的气相二氧化硅。abs类树脂的选择是由其弹性驱动的，它增强了抗冲击性，同时最大限度地减少了使用过程中的热效应。这种复合材料的制造是通过基于立体光刻的3D打印技术实现的，可以精确控制材料的性能和几何结构。按照ASTM标准制作了标准试样，并进行了一系列全面的评估，包括拉伸强度、压缩、夏比冲击、硬度、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热偏转温度（HDT）和磨损测试。对这些测试结果进行了分析，以深入了解这种新型复合材料在苛刻环境中的性能特征和适用性。为了进一步探索所讨论的复合材料的性能，设计和制造了两个磨具样品。对结构化刀具T100和非结构化刀具Simple tool的磨削性能进行了比较。分析的重点是它们在磨削铝T6和MO40钢时的效率，检查关键性能参数，如切削力、表面粗糙度、刀具磨损、力阻尼行为，以及这些工具中使用的弹性abs类树脂的影响。本研究为这种复合材料在精加工工业中的应用提供了有价值的信息，突出了它们在磨料应用中的潜在优势。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainability-driven additive manufacturing: Implementation and content optimization of fine powder recycled glass in polylactic acid for material extrusion 3D printing 可持续发展驱动的增材制造：用于材料挤压3D打印的聚乳酸细粉再生玻璃的实现和含量优化

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.008

Markos Petousis , Nikolaos Michailidis , Václav Kulas , Vassilis Papadakis , Mariza Spiridaki , Nikolaos Mountakis , Apostolos Argyros , John Valsamos , Nektarios K. Nasikas , Nectarios Vidakis

This work aimed to evaluate the capacity of recycled fine powder glass (RFPG) to reinforce the mechanical performance and characteristics of polylactic acid (PLA) for use in 3D printing (3DP) applications. Six composites with an RFPG filler quantity of 2.0 wt % −12.0 wt % (with a 2.0 step) were evaluated. The raw materials were turned into mixtures, which then fabricated respective filaments. The filaments were inspected and tested for their properties before being utilized to produce the specimens for testing with 3DP. The structures, morphologies, and mechanical properties of the specimens were examined by performing respective tests, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Moreover, the samples were tested for their thermal properties through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, and for their rheological performance. Quality metrics were evaluated with μ-CT (porosity and dimensional accuracy). The findings indicated that RFPG as a filler reinforced the PLA matrix, in the case of 6.0 wt % (23.6 % and 28.7 % strength enhancement in the flexural and tensile tests respectively). The thermal properties were insignificantly changed with a small increase in the crystallization temperature, while the viscosity was significantly lowered with the increase of the powder content in the compounds. The quality metrics were enhanced as well, making this specific RFPG grade a promising filler for the PLA matrix in 3D printing.

这项工作旨在评估再生细粉玻璃（RFPG）的能力，以加强用于3D打印（3DP）应用的聚乳酸（PLA）的机械性能和特性。评估了六种RFPG填充量为2.0 wt % ~ 12.0 wt %（步长为2.0）的复合材料。原料被制成混合物，然后制成各自的长丝。细丝被检查和测试了他们的性能，然后被用来生产样品，用3d打印测试。通过扫描电子显微镜和微计算机断层扫描（μ-CT）对样品的结构、形态和力学性能进行了检测。此外，通过热重和差示扫描量热分析测试了样品的热性能，并测试了它们的流变性能。采用μ-CT（孔隙度和尺寸精度）评价质量指标。研究结果表明，RFPG作为填料增强PLA基体，在6.0 wt %的情况下（在弯曲和拉伸试验中分别提高23.6%和28.7%的强度）。随着结晶温度的升高，结晶物的热性能变化不大，而随着粉体含量的增加，结晶物的粘度明显降低。质量指标也得到了提高，使这种特殊的RFPG等级成为3D打印中PLA矩阵的有前途的填料。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of microdischarges evolution during plasma electrolytic oxidation in alkaline and silicate-alkaline electrolytes 碱性和硅酸盐碱性电解质等离子体电解氧化过程中微放电演变的动力学研究

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2024.08.002

S.N. Grigoriev , V.B. Ludin , A.V. Apelfeld , B.L. Krit , I.V. Suminov , S.V. Zhukov , D.B. Chudinov , A.V. Zakabunin , A.V. Zheltuhin , N.S. Popov

The dynamics of microdischarges evolution during plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of AMg6 aluminum alloy at anode-cathode mode in alkaline and silicate-alkaline electrolytes was investigated. Experimental studies were carried out using high-speed photography of surface being treated of the alloy synchronized with the registration of the electric current and voltage in the «alloy being treated ‒ electrolyte ‒ counter electrode » system. As a result, the ranges of electrical voltages at which surface being treated is affected by sporadic weak and plural weak, medium, as well as powerful anode microdischarges were identified. The conditions of sporadic cathode microdischarges displaying were determined. Differences in the dynamics of microdischarges evolution during PEO processes in alkaline and silicate-alkaline electrolytes were shown and determined their influence on the thickness, through porosity and microhardness of the formed coatings.

研究了碱性和硅酸盐-碱性电解液中阳极-阴极模式下AMg6铝合金等离子体电解氧化（PEO）过程中的微放电演变动力学。在“待处理合金-电解液-反电极”系统中，采用高速摄影同步记录待处理合金表面的电流和电压，进行了实验研究。结果，确定了偶发弱放电和复数弱放电、介质微放电以及强阳极微放电对表面处理电压的影响范围。确定了零星阴极微放电显示的条件。研究了碱性和硅酸盐-碱性电解质PEO过程中微放电演化动力学的差异，并通过形成涂层的孔隙率和显微硬度确定了它们对厚度的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the effects of ultrasonic assisted face turning with CO2 cooling on cutting forces, residual stress, and surface quality CO2冷却下超声辅助车削对切削力、残余应力和表面质量影响的研究

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.04.003

Matin Mirzabagherian, Saeid Amini, Masuod Bayat

Ultrasonic assisted turning (UAT) has emerged in recent years as an advanced machining technique, leveraging high-frequency harmonic vibrations at the tool edge to enhance cutting performance. In this study, ultrasonic assisted face turn (UAFT) was employed to machine steel 1.7225 under various cutting conditions. Experiments were conducted at three spindle speeds, three feed rates, and under two cooling states: dry and cooling using CO₂ gas. All tests were performed in the UAFT mode. Machining forces were recorded using a dynamometer, and surface integrity was assessed through high-resolution imaging using a video measuring machine (VMM). Additionally, the influence of UAFT on the tensile residual stresses was thoroughly investigated. Tensile residual stresses, which can significantly affect the mechanical performance and service life of components, were analyzed as a critical output parameter alongside cutting forces and surface quality. The integration of ultrasonic vibrations with CO₂ cooling demonstrated a notable enhancement in process performance. Results indicated a reduction in cutting force by approximately 28.3 % and a decrease in tensile residual stress by nearly 35 % when using UAFT + CO₂ compared to UAFT + dry conditions. Furthermore, improved surface morphology and more favorable chip formation were observed under UAFT + CO₂ conditions, highlighting the synergistic benefits of combining ultrasonic assistance with CO₂ cooling.

超声辅助车削（UAT）是近年来兴起的一种先进的加工技术，利用刀具边缘的高频谐波振动来提高切削性能。在本研究中，采用超声辅助面转（UAFT）在不同的切削条件下加工1.7225钢。实验在三种主轴转速、三种进给速率和两种冷却状态下进行：干式和CO2气体冷却。所有测试均在UAFT模式下进行。使用测力计记录加工力，使用视频测量机（VMM）通过高分辨率成像评估表面完整性。此外，还深入研究了UAFT对拉伸残余应力的影响。拉伸残余应力与切削力和表面质量一样，是影响零件机械性能和使用寿命的关键输出参数。超声波振动与二氧化碳冷却的集成证明了工艺性能的显着提高。结果表明，与UAFT +干燥条件相比，使用UAFT + CO2时，切削力降低了约28.3%，拉伸残余应力降低了近35%。此外，在UAFT + CO2条件下，观察到改善的表面形貌和更有利的切屑形成，突出了超声波辅助与CO2冷却相结合的协同效益。

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引用次数: 0

Development of flame retardant and thermally stable acoustic green composites from waste hemp fibers reinforcement in fully biobased epoxy and benzoxazine hybrid thermosets 废大麻纤维增强全生物基环氧-苯并恶嗪复合热固性阻燃热稳定声学绿色复合材料的研制

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2024.12.006

Abdul Qadeer Dayo , Panuwat Luengrojanakul , Nuttinan Boonnao , Krittapas Charoensuk , Hariharan Arumugam , Cheol-Hee Ahn , Sarawut Rimdusit

This study presents an in-depth investigation of eco-friendly and renewable resources-based composites for lightweight structural applications by reinforcing waste hemp fibers (AWHF) in isosorbide (ISE) and neopentylglycol (NGDE) epoxy resins and epoxy/hydroquinone-furfurylamine (H-fa) benzoxazine hybrid matrix. The NGDE epoxy composite specimen produced the lowest results, and the sandwich-structured hybrid laminate specimen produced the best mechanical and thermal properties. The flexural strength and modulus values of sandwich structure hybrid laminate were recorded as 154.43 ± 7.14 MPa and 10.10 ± 0.35 GPa, respectively, while T₅, T_10, and Y_c values were recorded as 329 °C, 353 °C, and 23.78 %, respectively, and temperature tolerance (HRI) was estimated up to 178 °C. Moreover, the ISB/H-fa hybrid laminate showed self-extinguishing behaviour by crossing the LOI threshold value and got a V-0 rating for flame retardancy. The acoustic studies confirmed that the ISB-hybrid laminate had the highest sound absorption coefficient. The produced biobased sandwich structure composites with ISB/H-fa hybrid matrix showed better flame retardancy, sound absorption capacity, and mechanical strength are suitable for under-hood structural components in automobiles and other lightweight structural applications.

本研究深入研究了在异山梨酯（ISE）和新戊二醇（NGDE）环氧树脂和环氧/对苯二酚-糠胺（H-fa）苯并恶嗪混合基体中增强废大麻纤维（AWHF）的环保和可再生资源轻型结构复合材料。NGDE环氧复合材料试样的力学性能和热性能最低，而三明治结构混杂层压试样的力学性能和热性能最好。夹层结构复合层压板的抗弯强度和模量分别为154.43±7.14 MPa和10.10±0.35 GPa， T5、T10和Yc分别为329℃、353℃和23.78%，耐温值（HRI）可达178℃。此外，ISB/H-fa杂化层压板在超过LOI阈值后表现出自熄行为，阻燃性能达到V-0级。声学研究证实，ISB-hybrid层压板吸声系数最高。制备的ISB/H-fa混合基体生物基夹层结构复合材料具有较好的阻燃性、吸声能力和机械强度，适用于汽车发动机罩下结构部件和其他轻量化结构应用。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of alumina nanoparticles on the properties of Al-based nanocomposites prepared by powder Metallurgy–Hot forging 氧化铝纳米颗粒对粉末冶金-热锻法制备铝基纳米复合材料性能的影响

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2024.12.005

Farah M. Abdul Razzaq, Adnan S. Jabur

The development of the aluminum industry is intricately connected to its special characteristics that have made aluminum a highly desired material in engineering and structural applications. In the present work, the effect of alumina nanoparticle addition on the properties of Al-based nanocomposites was investigated. Al-based nanocomposite samples were fabricated by solid-state route using powder metallurgy and hot forging as a finishing process. The addition of alumina nanoparticles varied from 0 to 10 wt percentage. The structural, mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of the prepared Al- nanocomposites samples were studied. It was found that with an increase in the alumina nanoparticles addition up to 10 wt% to the Al-based nanocomposite samples, the hardness and yield strength increased while the reduction percentage, crystallite and grain size decreased. On the other hand, the wear rate decreased up to 5 wt% of addition and then increased again at 10 wt%, but the corrosion rate decreased up to 3 wt% of addition and then increased again up to 10 wt%.

铝工业的发展与它的特殊特性密切相关，这些特性使铝成为工程和结构应用中非常需要的材料。本文研究了氧化铝纳米颗粒的加入对铝基纳米复合材料性能的影响。采用粉末冶金和热锻法制备了al基纳米复合材料。氧化铝纳米颗粒的添加量从0到10 wt百分比不等。研究了制备的铝纳米复合材料的结构、力学、摩擦学和腐蚀性能。结果表明，当铝基纳米复合材料中氧化铝纳米颗粒的添加量增加至10 wt%时，铝基纳米复合材料的硬度和屈服强度增加，而还原率、晶粒尺寸和晶粒尺寸减小。另一方面，磨损率在添加量为5 wt%时下降，在添加量为10 wt%时又上升；腐蚀率在添加量为3 wt%时下降，在添加量为10 wt%时又上升。

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引用次数: 0

Nondestructive test for quality control in laboratory-scale fabrication of laminated composites using programmable portable ultrasonic 实验室规模层压复合材料制造质量控制的可编程便携式超声无损检测

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.006

Yusuf Giri Wijaya , Suprijanto , Damar Rastri Adhika , Rhakamerta Hijazi , Abian Nurrohmad

Laminated composites are the most frequently used component materials in manufacturing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in research centers or start-up industries. On a laboratory scale, laminated composites are fabricated by relying on technicians' skills due to the involvement of manual processes. Nondestructive testing (NDT) is needed to guarantee the structural integrity of the final product of laminated composites. The work proposes a programmable portable ultrasonic for nondestructive testing (NDT) to detect a potential defect due to foreign object contamination of fabrication layers of laminate composite. The proposed programmable NDT system is built using open-board devices; therefore, it could be developed cost-effectively compared to a commercial NDT system. The proposed NDT can measure and analyze a pattern of A-scan signal as a function of foreign object contamination material. Based on a C-scan image, the proposed NDT system could also be programmed to detect the size area of potential defects due to foreign object contamination. Two types of specimens, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP), were tested to evaluate the performance of the developed NDT system. Testing aims to identify artificial defects intentionally placed within these specimens. The proposed portable ultrasonic NDT effectively detects CFRP and GFRP defects on A-mode and C-scan images. Therefore, the proposed portable ultrasonic NDT is an affordable system that can be developed in a laboratory workshop for quality control in laboratory-scale fabrication of laminated composites.

叠层复合材料是研究中心或初创企业制造无人机（uav）最常用的部件材料。在实验室规模上，层压复合材料的制造依赖于技术人员的技能，因为涉及手工过程。为了保证层合复合材料最终产品的结构完整性，需要进行无损检测。提出了一种可编程便携式超声无损检测（NDT），用于检测由于异物污染层合复合材料制造层的潜在缺陷。所提出的可编程无损检测系统采用开板器件构建；因此，与商业无损检测系统相比，它的开发成本更低。所提出的无损检测可以测量和分析a扫描信号的模式，作为异物污染材料的函数。基于c扫描图像，提出的无损检测系统也可以被编程来检测由于异物污染的潜在缺陷的大小区域。对碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）和玻璃纤维增强聚合物（GFRP）两种试样进行了测试，以评估所开发的无损检测系统的性能。测试的目的是识别故意放置在这些样本中的人为缺陷。本文提出的便携式超声无损检测方法可在a型和c型扫描图像上有效检测CFRP和GFRP缺陷。因此，所提出的便携式超声无损检测是一种负担得起的系统，可以在实验室车间开发，用于实验室规模的层压复合材料制造的质量控制。

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引用次数: 0

Failure mechanism of aluminium – carbon fibre reinforced polymer interlocking joints through punching 铝碳纤维增强聚合物联锁接头冲孔破坏机理

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.01.002

Núria Latorre , Norbert Blanco , Daniel Casellas , Josep Costa

Single-Step Punch Interlocking (SSPI) is a recently developed joining methodology between aluminium and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) aiming to contribute to multi-material design of structural parts. This hybrid joint technology combines adhesive bonding with mechanical interlocking. Elucidating the failure mechanism of the developed joint is relevant to provide insights for future enhancements in performance, increase its lifespan and prevent premature failure. Therefore, the different subcritical failure events were identified through interrupted Single-Lap Shear (SLS) tests and subsequent non-destructive ultrasonic inspection, and the global failure mechanism was described. Results indicate that the addition of the SSPI joint delayed the onset and propagation of adhesive failure between both substrates, providing residual strength and increasing the ultimate load in a 65 % and the absorbed energy of the joint in a 156 %.

单步冲孔联锁（SSPI）是最近发展起来的一种铝与碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）之间的连接方法，旨在为结构件的多材料设计做出贡献。这种混合连接技术结合了粘合和机械联锁。阐明已开发的关节的失效机制有助于为未来性能的增强、延长其使用寿命和防止过早失效提供见解。因此，通过中断单圈剪切（SLS）试验和随后的无损超声检测，确定了不同的亚临界破坏事件，并描述了整体破坏机制。结果表明，SSPI接头的加入延迟了两种基材之间粘合破坏的发生和传播，提供了65%的残余强度和增加了65%的极限载荷，增加了156%的接头吸收能量。

引用次数: 0

The experimental and numerical results of a spinning/whirling composite thick-beam of glass fibers reinforced with CNR based on SSDT and neutral axis with electric field 基于SSDT和电场中性轴的CNR增强玻璃纤维旋转/旋转复合厚梁的实验和数值结果

Q1 Engineering

International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.05.003

Fatemeh Bargozini, Mehdi Mohammadimehr

This article examines a spinning/whirling vibration for a thick composite beam, including one hundred layers of glass fibers, epoxy resin, and carbon nanorods (CNRs). The CNR used in the present investigation was synthesized using recycled materials (potato peel) and hydrothermal methods. The impact of CNR on the vibrations is analyzed using numerical and experimental evidence. Experimental results show that by adding 0.32 % CNRs, the natural frequency increases by 46.6 %. The equations are formulated based on the sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory and the neutral axis. Then, the equations are solved using the Ritz method. The study examines the impact of different parameters, including rotational speeds, axial force, Young's modulus of the resin epoxy and glass fibers, aspect ratio, temperature change, volume fraction of CNR, and thickness on Campbell diagrams for the composite beam with and without CNR as reinforcement. Gyroscopic effects of the composite beam caused by the rotation of this beam around the y and x-axis are investigated. The Campbell diagrams, which are based on the rotational speed of the thick structure, reveal that higher temperatures lead to a decrease in natural frequency. Conversely, raising Young's modulus increases the natural frequency because increasing the stiffness of composite beam. By enhancing volume fraction of CNR, the damped and undamped natural frequency increases. Augmenting the velocity of the structure diminishes the natural frequency. The angular velocity along the y-axis exerts a more significant impact. The traction force significantly enhances the natural frequency of the rotating structure. The findings indicate that CNR is an economical and eco-friendly substitute for nanotubes. This amplifier is used in several sectors, including aviation, terrestrial, and maritime transportation, as well as in rotating turbines, rotating structures, and rotary drilling machinery. Also, the comparison of different theories shows that the effect of SSDT on the natural frequency is lower than that of the other theories.

本文研究了包括一百层玻璃纤维、环氧树脂和碳纳米棒（cnr）在内的厚复合梁的旋转/旋转振动。本研究中使用的CNR是用回收材料（马铃薯皮）和水热法合成的。利用数值和实验证据分析了CNR对振动的影响。实验结果表明，加入0.32%的cnr后，系统固有频率提高46.6%。该方程是基于正弦剪切变形梁理论和中性轴建立的。然后，用里兹法对方程进行求解。研究考察了转速、轴向力、树脂环氧树脂和玻璃纤维的杨氏模量、长径比、温度变化、CNR体积分数和厚度等不同参数对加和不加CNR加固的复合梁坎贝尔图的影响。研究了复合光束绕y轴和x轴旋转所引起的陀螺效应。坎贝尔图基于厚结构的旋转速度，揭示了更高的温度会导致固有频率的降低。相反，杨氏模量的增加增加了组合梁的固有频率，因为增加了刚度。通过提高CNR的体积分数，阻尼和无阻尼固有频率均增加。增大结构的速度会减小固有频率。沿y轴的角速度影响更大。牵引力显著提高了旋转结构的固有频率。研究结果表明，CNR是一种经济、环保的纳米管替代品。该放大器用于多个领域，包括航空，陆地和海上运输，以及旋转涡轮机，旋转结构和旋转钻井机械。不同理论的对比表明，SSDT对固有频率的影响小于其他理论。

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