Pub Date : 2024-10-07eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/24705470241286948
Liselotte M J Koning-Eikenhout, Roos Delahaij, Wim Kamphuis, Inge L Hulshof, Joris Van Ruysseveldt
Police officers are frequently faced with chronic and acute stressors, such as excessive workload, organizational stressors and emotionally charged reports. This study aims to examine the relationship between a form of chronic strain (ie, burnout symptoms) and a resource (ie, coping self-efficacy) in a sample of Dutch police officers. Specifically, we aim to investigate the existence of a loss cycle of resources. We use Latent Change Score modeling to investigate the potential depletion or loss cycle of coping self-efficacy as a result of burnout symptoms in a sample of 95 police officers who completed a survey on three consecutive timepoints. The lag between the measurements was approximately one year. We found that, during both one-year intervals, within-person increases in burnout symptoms were related to within-person decreases in coping self-efficacy. Also, the results emphasize the buffering role of coping self-efficacy for burnout symptoms, as within-person decreases in coping self-efficacy during the first year were associated with within-person increases in burnout symptoms during the following year. Together, the results imply that a loss cycle of coping self-efficacy and burnout symptoms may occur. For this we used Latent Change Score modeling, which is a relatively new approach which provides researchers with the opportunity to analyse multi-wave longitudinal data while focusing on within-person changes over time. Practically, police organizations are advised to monitor personnel wellbeing and resources, to maintain and promote sustainable employability of police officers and to be able to timely provide individuals with interventions. Limitations discussed are the use of self-report measures and large intervals between the measurements. Finally, future directions of research are discussed that would circumvent the reported limitations, such as multiple wave with shorter lags and incorporating confounding factors that could affect coping self-efficacy.
{"title":"A Loss Cycle of Burnout Symptoms and Reduced Coping Self-Efficacy: A Latent Change Score Modelling Approach.","authors":"Liselotte M J Koning-Eikenhout, Roos Delahaij, Wim Kamphuis, Inge L Hulshof, Joris Van Ruysseveldt","doi":"10.1177/24705470241286948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/24705470241286948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Police officers are frequently faced with chronic and acute stressors, such as excessive workload, organizational stressors and emotionally charged reports. This study aims to examine the relationship between a form of chronic strain (ie, burnout symptoms) and a resource (ie, coping self-efficacy) in a sample of Dutch police officers. Specifically, we aim to investigate the existence of a loss cycle of resources. We use Latent Change Score modeling to investigate the potential depletion or loss cycle of coping self-efficacy as a result of burnout symptoms in a sample of 95 police officers who completed a survey on three consecutive timepoints. The lag between the measurements was approximately one year. We found that, during both one-year intervals, within-person increases in burnout symptoms were related to within-person decreases in coping self-efficacy. Also, the results emphasize the buffering role of coping self-efficacy for burnout symptoms, as within-person decreases in coping self-efficacy during the first year were associated with within-person increases in burnout symptoms during the following year. Together, the results imply that a loss cycle of coping self-efficacy and burnout symptoms may occur. For this we used Latent Change Score modeling, which is a relatively new approach which provides researchers with the opportunity to analyse multi-wave longitudinal data while focusing on within-person changes over time. Practically, police organizations are advised to monitor personnel wellbeing and resources, to maintain and promote sustainable employability of police officers and to be able to timely provide individuals with interventions. Limitations discussed are the use of self-report measures and large intervals between the measurements. Finally, future directions of research are discussed that would circumvent the reported limitations, such as multiple wave with shorter lags and incorporating confounding factors that could affect coping self-efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/24705470241279335
Grace Hindmarch, Lisa S Meredith, Colleen M McCullough, Beth Ann Griffin, Katherine E Watkins
Interpersonal violence is a common type of trauma experienced by people with opioid use disorder (OUD), especially for people with co-occurring OUD and mental illness (COD). However, little is known about demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with COD who have experienced an interpersonal violence traumatic event compared to those who have experienced a non-violent trauma, and how experiences of interpersonal violence are associated with treatment utilization. Data presented are from a randomized clinical trial testing collaborative care for COD in primary care. Of the 797 patients enrolled in the larger study, 733 (92%) were included in this analysis because they reported a traumatic event. In this sample, 301 (41%) participants experienced a traumatic event involving interpersonal violence. Participants who experienced interpersonal violence were more likely to be younger and female. Among the 301 people who experienced interpersonal violence, 30% experienced child sexual abuse, 23% experienced physical violence, 19% experienced domestic violence, and 28% experienced sexual assault. Those who experienced physical violence were significantly less likely to be female (28.6% vs 74.2% to 88.2% in other groups). Those who reported domestic violence had significantly fewer days of drug use (4.1 days vs 9.0 to 11.5 in the other groups) and lower opioid use severity scores (mean = 13.0 vs 16.6 to 19.5 in the other groups). Multivariable regression results examining the associations between interpersonal violence experiences on treatment utilization revealed no statistically significant differences. Rates of receipt were high for medication for opioid use disorder (∼80%) in this sample while rates of mental health counseling were around 35% and rates of receiving mental health medication around 48%. These findings make an important contribution to understanding the associations between patient characteristics and traumatic experiences, and receipt of treatment for OUD and mental health problems among a sample of patients with COD.
{"title":"Interpersonal Violence and Mental Health, Drug use, and Treatment Utilization among Patients with Co-Occurring Opioid use and Mental Health Disorders.","authors":"Grace Hindmarch, Lisa S Meredith, Colleen M McCullough, Beth Ann Griffin, Katherine E Watkins","doi":"10.1177/24705470241279335","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241279335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpersonal violence is a common type of trauma experienced by people with opioid use disorder (OUD), especially for people with co-occurring OUD and mental illness (COD). However, little is known about demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with COD who have experienced an interpersonal violence traumatic event compared to those who have experienced a non-violent trauma, and how experiences of interpersonal violence are associated with treatment utilization. Data presented are from a randomized clinical trial testing collaborative care for COD in primary care. Of the 797 patients enrolled in the larger study, 733 (92%) were included in this analysis because they reported a traumatic event. In this sample, 301 (41%) participants experienced a traumatic event involving interpersonal violence. Participants who experienced interpersonal violence were more likely to be younger and female. Among the 301 people who experienced interpersonal violence, 30% experienced child sexual abuse, 23% experienced physical violence, 19% experienced domestic violence, and 28% experienced sexual assault. Those who experienced physical violence were significantly less likely to be female (28.6% vs 74.2% to 88.2% in other groups). Those who reported domestic violence had significantly fewer days of drug use (4.1 days vs 9.0 to 11.5 in the other groups) and lower opioid use severity scores (mean = 13.0 vs 16.6 to 19.5 in the other groups). Multivariable regression results examining the associations between interpersonal violence experiences on treatment utilization revealed no statistically significant differences. Rates of receipt were high for medication for opioid use disorder (∼80%) in this sample while rates of mental health counseling were around 35% and rates of receiving mental health medication around 48%. These findings make an important contribution to understanding the associations between patient characteristics and traumatic experiences, and receipt of treatment for OUD and mental health problems among a sample of patients with COD.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>clinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04559893.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Binge drinking and heavy alcohol use are highly prevalent among college students. During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to lockdown restrictions and other challenges, many college students were burdened with loneliness, which can contribute to chronic stress, and substance use. The current study explores the association between loneliness and various levels of alcohol use among college students in the rural, underserved region of Central Appalachia, USA.
Methods: Data were collected from a regional sample (n = 320) of college age adults, age 18-25 in the Central Appalachian region. The UCLA-3 item Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3) was used in the study to evaluate loneliness. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between levels of loneliness and three separate outcomes, including past year binge drinking, past year heavy alcohol use, and past year weekly alcohol use.
Results: Overall, 25.5% of the participants reported severe loneliness, 33.6% reported moderate, and 40.9% reported low levels of loneliness. Results of the adjusted models revealed that severe loneliness was associated with higher odds of heavy alcohol use (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.02, 3.50]) and binge drinking (AOR = 2.96, 95% CI [1.16, 7.51]), and not associated with weekly alcohol use.
Conclusion: The study found that higher levels of loneliness were linked to both binged drinking and heavy alcohol use. Further efforts for counseling and treatment among college students who are burdened with severe loneliness should be considered. The chronic stress associated with severe loneliness needs to be further addressed, particularly among emerging adults.
目的:狂饮和大量饮酒在大学生中非常普遍。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,由于封锁限制和其他挑战,许多大学生背上了孤独的负担,这可能会导致慢性压力和药物使用。本研究探讨了美国阿巴拉契亚中部农村地区大学生的孤独感与不同程度的酒精使用之间的关系:方法:从阿巴拉契亚中部地区 18-25 岁的大学适龄成年人的地区样本(n = 320)中收集数据。研究采用 UCLA-3 孤独量表(UCLA-3)来评估孤独感。研究采用逻辑回归分析法评估孤独感水平与三项不同结果之间的关联,包括过去一年酗酒、过去一年大量饮酒和过去一年每周饮酒:总体而言,25.5%的参与者报告了严重的孤独感,33.6%报告了中度孤独感,40.9%报告了低度孤独感。调整模型的结果显示,严重孤独感与较高的大量饮酒(AOR = 1.89,95% CI [1.02,3.50])和暴饮暴食(AOR = 2.96,95% CI [1.16,7.51])几率有关,而与每周饮酒次数无关:研究发现,较高程度的孤独感与大量饮酒和酗酒有关。研究发现,较高程度的孤独感与暴饮暴食和大量饮酒都有关联,因此应考虑进一步努力为那些背负着严重孤独感的大学生提供咨询和治疗。与严重孤独感相关的慢性压力需要进一步解决,尤其是在新成人中。
{"title":"Loneliness and Alcohol use among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Appalachia.","authors":"Manik Ahuja, Rachel Miller-Slough, Esther Adebayo-Abikoye, Callon Williams, Andrea Haubner, McKenzie G Dooley, Minakshi Bansal, Thiveya Sathiyaseelan, Amanda Pons, Arpana Karki, Kawther Al Ksir, Brook Samuel, Phoebe Tchoua, Trisha Schuver, Praveen Fernandopulle","doi":"10.1177/24705470241264909","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241264909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Binge drinking and heavy alcohol use are highly prevalent among college students. During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to lockdown restrictions and other challenges, many college students were burdened with loneliness, which can contribute to chronic stress, and substance use. The current study explores the association between loneliness and various levels of alcohol use among college students in the rural, underserved region of Central Appalachia, USA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from a regional sample (n = 320) of college age adults, age 18-25 in the Central Appalachian region. The UCLA-3 item Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3) was used in the study to evaluate loneliness. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between levels of loneliness and three separate outcomes, including past year binge drinking, past year heavy alcohol use, and past year weekly alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 25.5% of the participants reported severe loneliness, 33.6% reported moderate, and 40.9% reported low levels of loneliness. Results of the adjusted models revealed that severe loneliness was associated with higher odds of heavy alcohol use (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.02, 3.50]) and binge drinking (AOR = 2.96, 95% CI [1.16, 7.51]), and not associated with weekly alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that higher levels of loneliness were linked to both binged drinking and heavy alcohol use. Further efforts for counseling and treatment among college students who are burdened with severe loneliness should be considered. The chronic stress associated with severe loneliness needs to be further addressed, particularly among emerging adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/24705470241277451
Meredith A Reid, Sarah E Whiteman, Abigail A Camden, Stephanie M Jeffirs, Frank W Weathers
Background: Evidence from animal and human studies suggests glutamatergic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to investigate glutamate abnormalities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) of individuals with PTSD using 7T MRS, which has better spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio than lower field strengths, thus allowing for better spectral quality and higher sensitivity. We hypothesized that individuals with PTSD would have lower glutamate levels compared to trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD and individuals without trauma exposure. Additionally, we explored potential alterations in other neurometabolites and the relationship between glutamate and psychiatric symptoms.
Methods: Individuals with PTSD (n = 27), trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD (n = 27), and individuals without trauma exposure (n = 26) underwent 7T MRS to measure glutamate and other neurometabolites in the left DLPFC. The severities of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and dissociation symptoms were assessed.
Results: We found that glutamate was lower in the PTSD and trauma-exposed groups compared to the group without trauma exposure. Furthermore, N-acetylaspartate (NAA) was lower and lactate was higher in the PTSD group compared to the group without trauma exposure. Glutamate was negatively correlated with depression symptom severity in the PTSD group. Glutamate was not correlated with PTSD symptom severity.
Conclusion: In this first 7T MRS study of PTSD, we observed altered concentrations of glutamate, NAA, and lactate. Our findings provide evidence for multiple possible pathological processes in individuals with PTSD. High-field MRS offers insight into the neurometabolic alterations associated with PTSD and is a powerful tool to probe trauma- and stress-related neurotransmission and metabolism in vivo.
{"title":"Prefrontal Metabolite Alterations in Individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A 7T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.","authors":"Meredith A Reid, Sarah E Whiteman, Abigail A Camden, Stephanie M Jeffirs, Frank W Weathers","doi":"10.1177/24705470241277451","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241277451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence from animal and human studies suggests glutamatergic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to investigate glutamate abnormalities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) of individuals with PTSD using 7T MRS, which has better spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio than lower field strengths, thus allowing for better spectral quality and higher sensitivity. We hypothesized that individuals with PTSD would have lower glutamate levels compared to trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD and individuals without trauma exposure. Additionally, we explored potential alterations in other neurometabolites and the relationship between glutamate and psychiatric symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with PTSD (n = 27), trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD (n = 27), and individuals without trauma exposure (n = 26) underwent 7T MRS to measure glutamate and other neurometabolites in the left DLPFC. The severities of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and dissociation symptoms were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that glutamate was lower in the PTSD and trauma-exposed groups compared to the group without trauma exposure. Furthermore, <i>N</i>-acetylaspartate (NAA) was lower and lactate was higher in the PTSD group compared to the group without trauma exposure. Glutamate was negatively correlated with depression symptom severity in the PTSD group. Glutamate was not correlated with PTSD symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this first 7T MRS study of PTSD, we observed altered concentrations of glutamate, NAA, and lactate. Our findings provide evidence for multiple possible pathological processes in individuals with PTSD. High-field MRS offers insight into the neurometabolic alterations associated with PTSD and is a powerful tool to probe trauma- and stress-related neurotransmission and metabolism <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11381574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142300572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-11eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/24705470241268480
Manik Ahuja, Angela Haeny
{"title":"Increasing our Understanding of Experiences of Discrimination and Chronic Stress.","authors":"Manik Ahuja, Angela Haeny","doi":"10.1177/24705470241268480","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241268480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Rural areas in the United States have been disproportionately burdened with high rates of substance use, mental health challenges, chronic stress, and suicide behaviors. Factors such as a lack of mental health services, decreased accessibility to public health resources, and social isolation contribute to these disparities. The current study explores risk factors to suicidal ideation, using emergency room discharge data from Maryland.
Methods: The current study used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) from the State of Maryland. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between ICD-10 coded opioid use disorder, alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, major depressive disorder, and the outcome variable of suicidal ideation discharge. We controlled for income, race, age, and gender.
Results: Lifetime major depressive disorder diagnosis (odds ration [OR] = 79.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 51.91-121.15), alcohol use disorder (OR = 6.87; 95% CI 4.97-9.51), opioid use disorder (OR = 5.39; 95% CI 3.63-7.99), and cannabis use disorder (OR = 2.67; 95% CI 1.37-5.18) were all positively associated with suicidal ideation.
Conclusions: The study highlights the strong link between prior substance use disorder, depression, and suicidal ideation visit to the emergency room, indicating the need for prevention and intervention, particularly among those in rural areas where the burden of suicidal ideation and chronic stress are high. As health disparities between rural and urban areas further widened during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to address these issues.
背景:美国农村地区的药物使用率、心理健康挑战、长期压力和自杀行为的比例过高。缺乏心理健康服务、公共卫生资源的可及性降低以及社会隔离等因素导致了这些差异。本研究利用马里兰州急诊室的出院数据探讨了自杀意念的风险因素:本研究使用了马里兰州医疗成本与利用项目(HCUP)州立急诊科数据库(SEDD)中的数据。采用逻辑回归法评估 ICD-10 编码的阿片类药物使用障碍、酒精使用障碍、大麻使用障碍、重度抑郁障碍与自杀意念出院这一结果变量之间的关联。我们对收入、种族、年龄和性别进行了控制:结果:终生重度抑郁障碍诊断(赔率 [OR] = 79.30;95% 置信区间 [CI] 51.91-121.15)、酒精使用障碍(OR = 6.87;95% CI 4.97-9.51)、阿片类药物使用障碍(OR = 5.39;95% CI 3.63-7.99)和大麻使用障碍(OR = 2.67;95% CI 1.37-5.18)均与自杀倾向呈正相关:该研究强调了之前的药物使用障碍、抑郁症和自杀意念急诊就诊之间的密切联系,表明有必要进行预防和干预,尤其是在自杀意念和长期压力负担较重的农村地区。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,城乡之间的健康差距进一步扩大,因此迫切需要解决这些问题。
{"title":"Substance Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation in Rural Maryland.","authors":"Manik Ahuja, Monika Jain, Hadii Mamudu, Kawther Al Ksir, Thiveya Sathiyaseelan, Shahin Zare, Nils Went, Praveen Fernandopulle, Trisha Schuver, Amanda Pons, McKenzie Dooley, Chisom Nwanecki, Kajol Dahal","doi":"10.1177/24705470241268483","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241268483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rural areas in the United States have been disproportionately burdened with high rates of substance use, mental health challenges, chronic stress, and suicide behaviors. Factors such as a lack of mental health services, decreased accessibility to public health resources, and social isolation contribute to these disparities. The current study explores risk factors to suicidal ideation, using emergency room discharge data from Maryland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Emergency Department Databases (SEDD) from the State of Maryland. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between ICD-10 coded opioid use disorder, alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, major depressive disorder, and the outcome variable of suicidal ideation discharge. We controlled for income, race, age, and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lifetime major depressive disorder diagnosis (odds ration [OR] = 79.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 51.91-121.15), alcohol use disorder (OR = 6.87; 95% CI 4.97-9.51), opioid use disorder (OR = 5.39; 95% CI 3.63-7.99), and cannabis use disorder (OR = 2.67; 95% CI 1.37-5.18) were all positively associated with suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the strong link between prior substance use disorder, depression, and suicidal ideation visit to the emergency room, indicating the need for prevention and intervention, particularly among those in rural areas where the burden of suicidal ideation and chronic stress are high. As health disparities between rural and urban areas further widened during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to address these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/24705470241261781
Lesha Pretorius, Aidan G Balshaw, Kelly S Ross, Carine Smith
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, exhibiting strong female bias. Clinical studies implicate declining estradiol levels in the exacerbation of anxiety symptoms in the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to simulate estradiol fluctuation-linked anxiety behavior in larval zebrafish, using an estradiol treatment withdrawal model. Contrary to model aims, estradiol treatment withdrawal decreased both basal activity and anxiety-like hyperlocomotion (ANOVA main effect of dose, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively) in the light/dark transition test. The accuracy of the estradiol washout model was not improved by longer durations of treatment or withdrawal. Basal activity was slightly altered by supraphysiological concentrations of WAY-200070 in the absence of added estradiol. Estrogen receptor (ER) β expression was not upregulated in larvae exposed to physiologically relevant, low concentrations of estradiol. Longer exposure to low concentrations of estradiol increased antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01). In addition, acute exposure to low concentrations of estradiol increased basal activity. Data suggest that in the current models, estradiol-associated altered activity levels were linked to more favorable redox status, rather than reflecting altered anxiety levels. As such, it is recommended that zebrafish larval behavioral analysis be conducted in parallel with mechanistic studies such as redox indicators, for investigations focused on ER signaling.
焦虑症是最常见的精神疾病,具有强烈的女性倾向。临床研究表明,雌二醇水平的下降与月经周期经前期焦虑症状的加重有关。本研究旨在利用雌二醇治疗戒断模型模拟斑马鱼幼体中与雌二醇波动相关的焦虑行为。与模型目的相反,雌二醇治疗停药降低了基础活动和焦虑样过度运动(方差分析剂量的主效应,P P P P
{"title":"Modeling Sex-Bias in Anxiety: Pros and Cons of a Larval Zebrafish Model.","authors":"Lesha Pretorius, Aidan G Balshaw, Kelly S Ross, Carine Smith","doi":"10.1177/24705470241261781","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241261781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, exhibiting strong female bias. Clinical studies implicate declining estradiol levels in the exacerbation of anxiety symptoms in the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to simulate estradiol fluctuation-linked anxiety behavior in larval zebrafish, using an estradiol treatment withdrawal model. Contrary to model aims, estradiol treatment withdrawal decreased both basal activity and anxiety-like hyperlocomotion (ANOVA main effect of dose, <i>P </i>< 0.0001 and <i>P </i>< 0.01, respectively) in the light/dark transition test. The accuracy of the estradiol washout model was not improved by longer durations of treatment or withdrawal. Basal activity was slightly altered by supraphysiological concentrations of WAY-200070 in the absence of added estradiol. Estrogen receptor (ER) β expression was not upregulated in larvae exposed to physiologically relevant, low concentrations of estradiol. Longer exposure to low concentrations of estradiol increased antioxidant capacity (<i>P </i>< 0.01). In addition, acute exposure to low concentrations of estradiol increased basal activity. Data suggest that in the current models, estradiol-associated altered activity levels were linked to more favorable redox status, rather than reflecting altered anxiety levels. As such, it is recommended that zebrafish larval behavioral analysis be conducted in parallel with mechanistic studies such as redox indicators, for investigations focused on ER signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11185028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/24705470241261581
Sebastian Ludyga, Manuel Hanke, Anja Schwarz, Rahel Leuenberger, Fabienne Bruggisser, Vera Nina Looser, Markus Gerber
Background: Evaluation stress can impair inhibitory control, limiting the ability of children to perform cognitively. However, evidence on protective factors is lacking as stress-induced cognitive impairments are poorly understood. High physical activity has been related to better inhibitory control and has the potential to buffer the response to a stressor. We investigated the association of physical activity and stress-induced changes in inhibitory control as well as its underlying cognitive control processes (i.e., conflict monitoring and resolution).
Method: Participants (10 to 13 y) with either low (N = 55) or high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (N = 55) completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) and a control task in a randomized order. During both conditions, salivary cortisol was collected. Additionally, a computerized Stroop task was administered before and after the experimental conditions. The N200 and positive slow wave (PSW) components of event-related potentials elicited by the Stroop task were recorded using electroencephalography.
Results: In comparison to the control task, the TSST-C elicited a pre-to post-test decrease of accuracy on incompatible trials. Path-analyses further revealed that this decrease was related to low physical activity and a reduced PSW amplitude. However, both the N200 and PSW amplitudes did not mediate the relation between physical activity groups and performance on the Stroop task.
Conclusion: In children, evaluation stress decreases inhibitory control partly due to a reduced effectiveness of conflict resolution processes. Only children with high physical activity maintain inhibitory control after facing the stressor. However, this protective effect cannot be attributed to changes in conflict monitoring and resolution.
{"title":"The Association of Physical Activity and Stress-induced Neurocognitive Impairments in Inhibitory Control in Children.","authors":"Sebastian Ludyga, Manuel Hanke, Anja Schwarz, Rahel Leuenberger, Fabienne Bruggisser, Vera Nina Looser, Markus Gerber","doi":"10.1177/24705470241261581","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241261581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluation stress can impair inhibitory control, limiting the ability of children to perform cognitively. However, evidence on protective factors is lacking as stress-induced cognitive impairments are poorly understood. High physical activity has been related to better inhibitory control and has the potential to buffer the response to a stressor. We investigated the association of physical activity and stress-induced changes in inhibitory control as well as its underlying cognitive control processes (i.e., conflict monitoring and resolution).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (10 to 13 y) with either low (<i>N </i>= 55) or high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (<i>N </i>= 55) completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) and a control task in a randomized order. During both conditions, salivary cortisol was collected. Additionally, a computerized Stroop task was administered before and after the experimental conditions. The N200 and positive slow wave (PSW) components of event-related potentials elicited by the Stroop task were recorded using electroencephalography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison to the control task, the TSST-C elicited a pre-to post-test decrease of accuracy on incompatible trials. Path-analyses further revealed that this decrease was related to low physical activity and a reduced PSW amplitude. However, both the N200 and PSW amplitudes did not mediate the relation between physical activity groups and performance on the Stroop task.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children, evaluation stress decreases inhibitory control partly due to a reduced effectiveness of conflict resolution processes. Only children with high physical activity maintain inhibitory control after facing the stressor. However, this protective effect cannot be attributed to changes in conflict monitoring and resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/24705470241259939
Hillary Sandra Klonoff-Cohen, Auroraleigh Cohen, Robyn L Gobin, Mounika Polavarapu, Ryan Allen, Swetha Reddy, Chandana Vuyyuru
Purpose: Currently, 1 in 5 college students struggle with suicidal ideation while 7% to 44% engage in nonsuicidal self-injury. Illinois has one of the highest teenage and college student suicide rates in the United States. This pilot study assessed suicide ideation and self-harm behaviors at a public Illinois university. This is the first study to use 5 standardized psychological instruments to investigate these 2 crises in freshmen college students who are all required to reside in dormitories. The main hypothesis was to determine if the independent effects of freshmen students' depression, Five-Factor Model, and Reasons for Living affected the dependent variables, self-harm behaviors and suicide ideation. Methods: Forty first-year college dormitory students completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Scale of Suicidal Ideation, Five-Factor Model, Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, and Reasons for Living Scale in person. Results: Participants were 18 to 19 years old, predominantly female (65%), and non-White (62%). Forty percent reported self-harm behaviors and 19% reported suicidal ideation. The top reasons for contemplated suicide attempts included the inability to solve problems (33%) and attention/revenge (28%). Students experienced high levels of anxiety (55%), self-consciousness (43%), and depression (18%). Depression was associated with suicide ideation (β= 0.05, P = .006), while neuroticism and openness were associated with self-harm behaviors (aOR = 3.36, P = .02, aOR = 0.48, P = .047, respectively). Ninety-five percent reported "responsibility to family" as a Reason for Living. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence necessitates an examination of self-harm and suicide ideation among all freshmen, investigating both risk and protective factors. In the future, a prevention intervention should be implemented campus-wide (and eventually nationwide) for all first-year dormitory students to enhance their mental well-being.
{"title":"Suicide Ideation and Self-Harm Behaviors in First-Year Dormitory Students at a Public Midwestern University: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Hillary Sandra Klonoff-Cohen, Auroraleigh Cohen, Robyn L Gobin, Mounika Polavarapu, Ryan Allen, Swetha Reddy, Chandana Vuyyuru","doi":"10.1177/24705470241259939","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241259939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Currently, 1 in 5 college students struggle with suicidal ideation while 7% to 44% engage in nonsuicidal self-injury. Illinois has one of the highest teenage and college student suicide rates in the United States. This pilot study assessed suicide ideation and self-harm behaviors at a public Illinois university. This is the first study to use 5 standardized psychological instruments to investigate these 2 crises in freshmen college students who are all required to reside in dormitories. The main hypothesis was to determine if the independent effects of freshmen students' depression, Five-Factor Model, and Reasons for Living affected the dependent variables, self-harm behaviors and suicide ideation. <b>Methods:</b> Forty first-year college dormitory students completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Scale of Suicidal Ideation, Five-Factor Model, Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, and Reasons for Living Scale in person. <b>Results:</b> Participants were 18 to 19 years old, predominantly female (65%), and non-White (62%). Forty percent reported self-harm behaviors and 19% reported suicidal ideation. The top reasons for contemplated suicide attempts included the inability to solve problems (33%) and attention/revenge (28%). Students experienced high levels of anxiety (55%), self-consciousness (43%), and depression (18%). Depression was associated with suicide ideation (β<i> </i>= 0.05, <i>P </i>= .006), while neuroticism and openness were associated with self-harm behaviors (<i>aOR </i>= 3.36, <i>P </i>= .02, <i>aOR </i>= 0.48, <i>P </i>= .047, respectively). Ninety-five percent reported \"responsibility to family\" as a Reason for Living. <b>Conclusions:</b> Preliminary evidence necessitates an examination of self-harm and suicide ideation among all freshmen, investigating both risk and protective factors. In the future, a prevention intervention should be implemented campus-wide (and eventually nationwide) for all first-year dormitory students to enhance their mental well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11155327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/24705470241258752
Cecilia A Hinojosa, Siara I Sitar, Joshua C Zhao, Joshua D Barbosa, Denise A Hien, Justine W Welsh, Negar Fani, Sanne J H van Rooij
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant health problem, and trauma exposure is a known risk factor for the escalation of substance use. However, the shared neural mechanisms through which trauma is associated with substance use are still unknown. Therefore, we systematically review neuroimaging studies focusing on three domains that may contribute to the overlapping mechanisms of SUD and trauma-reward salience, negative emotionality, and inhibition. Using PRISMA guidelines, we identified 45 studies utilizing tasks measuring these domains in alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use groups. Greater reward, lesser regulation of inhibitory processes, and mixed findings of negative emotionality processes in individuals who use substances versus controls were found. Specifically, greater orbitofrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, striatum, amygdala, and hippocampal activation was found in response to reward-related tasks, and reduced activation was found in the inferior frontal gyrus and hippocampus in response to inhibition-related tasks. Importantly, no studies in trauma-exposed individuals met our review criteria. Future studies examining the role of trauma-related factors are needed, and more studies should explore inhibition- and negative-emotionality domains in individuals who use substances to uncover clinically significant alterations in these domains that place an individual at greater risk for developing a SUD.
药物使用障碍(SUD)是一个严重的健康问题,而遭受创伤是药物使用升级的一个已知风险因素。然而,创伤与药物使用相关的共同神经机制尚不清楚。因此,我们系统地回顾了神经影像学研究,重点关注可能导致 SUD 和创伤重叠机制的三个领域--奖赏显著性、负性情绪和抑制。利用 PRISMA 指南,我们确定了 45 项研究,这些研究利用了在酒精、烟草和大麻使用群体中测量这些领域的任务。研究发现,与对照组相比,使用药物者的奖赏性更强、抑制过程的调节能力更弱,而负面情绪过程的研究结果则好坏参半。具体地说,在完成与奖赏相关的任务时,发现眶额皮层、腹侧被盖区、纹状体、杏仁核和海马的活化程度更高,而在完成与抑制相关的任务时,发现额叶下回和海马的活化程度降低。重要的是,没有一项针对受过创伤的个体的研究符合我们的审查标准。未来还需要对创伤相关因素的作用进行研究,更多的研究应探讨使用药物者的抑制和消极情绪领域,以发现这些领域中具有临床意义的改变,这些改变会使患者面临更大的罹患药物依赖性成瘾的风险。
{"title":"Functional Domains of Substance Use and their Implications to Trauma: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.","authors":"Cecilia A Hinojosa, Siara I Sitar, Joshua C Zhao, Joshua D Barbosa, Denise A Hien, Justine W Welsh, Negar Fani, Sanne J H van Rooij","doi":"10.1177/24705470241258752","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24705470241258752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant health problem, and trauma exposure is a known risk factor for the escalation of substance use. However, the shared neural mechanisms through which trauma is associated with substance use are still unknown. Therefore, we systematically review neuroimaging studies focusing on three domains that may contribute to the overlapping mechanisms of SUD and trauma-reward salience, negative emotionality, and inhibition. Using PRISMA guidelines, we identified 45 studies utilizing tasks measuring these domains in alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use groups. Greater reward, lesser regulation of inhibitory processes, and mixed findings of negative emotionality processes in individuals who use substances versus controls were found. Specifically, greater orbitofrontal cortex, ventral tegmental area, striatum, amygdala, and hippocampal activation was found in response to reward-related tasks, and reduced activation was found in the inferior frontal gyrus and hippocampus in response to inhibition-related tasks. Importantly, no studies in trauma-exposed individuals met our review criteria. Future studies examining the role of trauma-related factors are needed, and more studies should explore inhibition- and negative-emotionality domains in individuals who use substances to uncover clinically significant alterations in these domains that place an individual at greater risk for developing a SUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11155333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}