Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.1163/2405836X-00601007
Natalie A. Zacek
This article examines two female slaveholders, one real and one fictional, to explore the relationship between gender and slave management in both history and popular culture. Annie Palmer, the “White Witch of Rose Hall” plantation in Jamaica, although the creation of folklore and journalistic exaggeration, has functioned for a century and a half as a symbol not only of the evils of slavery but of the idea that female slaveholders’ cruelty threatened the system of slavery in a way in which that practiced by males did not. In New Orleans, Delphine Lalaurie, an elite woman renowned for her elegance and piety, became a figure of monstrosity after a house fire of 1834 revealed that her French Quarter mansion held a chamber of horrors for the enslaved, and offered a similar example of the dangers of female power in slave societies. Examining these women’s continuing presence both as historical figures and as characters in novels, television shows, and other creative productions, this article illuminates the strange career of the slaveholding woman, a figure execrated in her own era and misunderstood or ignored in contemporary historiography, yet simultaneously the subject over centuries of prurient cultural fascination.
{"title":"Holding the Whip-Hand","authors":"Natalie A. Zacek","doi":"10.1163/2405836X-00601007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836X-00601007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines two female slaveholders, one real and one fictional, to explore the relationship between gender and slave management in both history and popular culture. Annie Palmer, the “White Witch of Rose Hall” plantation in Jamaica, although the creation of folklore and journalistic exaggeration, has functioned for a century and a half as a symbol not only of the evils of slavery but of the idea that female slaveholders’ cruelty threatened the system of slavery in a way in which that practiced by males did not. In New Orleans, Delphine Lalaurie, an elite woman renowned for her elegance and piety, became a figure of monstrosity after a house fire of 1834 revealed that her French Quarter mansion held a chamber of horrors for the enslaved, and offered a similar example of the dangers of female power in slave societies. Examining these women’s continuing presence both as historical figures and as characters in novels, television shows, and other creative productions, this article illuminates the strange career of the slaveholding woman, a figure execrated in her own era and misunderstood or ignored in contemporary historiography, yet simultaneously the subject over centuries of prurient cultural fascination.","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47755270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.1163/2405836X-00601003
Andrea H. Livesey
Since Stephanie Camp wrote of the “rival” geography that enslaved people created on slave labor plantations, few studies outside the field of architectural history have used the built environment as a source to understand the lives of enslaved people and the mindsets of enslavers in the United States. This article takes adolescent outbuildings in Louisiana (garçonnières) as a starting point to understand how white parents taught and reinforced ideas of dominance over both the environment and enslaved people and simultaneously rooted young white sons to a slave labor plantation “home.” Using architectural evidence, alongside testimony left behind by both enslavers and the enslaved, this article argues that by moving young male enslavers out of the main plantation house and into a separate building, white enslaving parents created a “risk space” for sexual violence within the sexualized geography of the slave labor plantation. The garçonnière, with its privacy and age-and gender-specificity, constituted just one space of increased risk for enslaved women on Louisiana slave labor plantations from a violence that was manipulated within the built environment.
{"title":"Learning Slavery at Home","authors":"Andrea H. Livesey","doi":"10.1163/2405836X-00601003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836X-00601003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since Stephanie Camp wrote of the “rival” geography that enslaved people created on slave labor plantations, few studies outside the field of architectural history have used the built environment as a source to understand the lives of enslaved people and the mindsets of enslavers in the United States. This article takes adolescent outbuildings in Louisiana (garçonnières) as a starting point to understand how white parents taught and reinforced ideas of dominance over both the environment and enslaved people and simultaneously rooted young white sons to a slave labor plantation “home.” Using architectural evidence, alongside testimony left behind by both enslavers and the enslaved, this article argues that by moving young male enslavers out of the main plantation house and into a separate building, white enslaving parents created a “risk space” for sexual violence within the sexualized geography of the slave labor plantation. The garçonnière, with its privacy and age-and gender-specificity, constituted just one space of increased risk for enslaved women on Louisiana slave labor plantations from a violence that was manipulated within the built environment.","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43423571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-29DOI: 10.1163/2405836X-00601009
Inge Dornan
This study establishes that women slave-owners were specifically inscribed into South Carolina’s laws on slave management from the first decades of English colonization. Mistresses were explicitly named alongside masters or incorporated into the gender-neutral rubric of owner in a common understanding that absolute ownership and authority over enslaved people was as much rooted in female mastery as male. Remarkably, neither the scholarship on women slave-owners nor the far more voluminous scholarship on American slave laws and slave management have explored, or even acknowledged, how gender influenced the formulation of American slave laws, and how mistresses, in particular, featured in the roles and duties assigned to slave-owners in the management of slaves. This study seeks to redress this by examining how South Carolina’s lawmakers incorporated women slave-owners into the colony’s slave laws, culminating with an assessment of the 1740 slave code, which marked a key turning point both in the colony’s laws governing the management of slaves and in an evolving ideology of female mastery.
{"title":"“Whoever Takes Her Up, Gives Her 50 Good Lashes, and Deliver Her to Me”","authors":"Inge Dornan","doi":"10.1163/2405836X-00601009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836X-00601009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study establishes that women slave-owners were specifically inscribed into South Carolina’s laws on slave management from the first decades of English colonization. Mistresses were explicitly named alongside masters or incorporated into the gender-neutral rubric of owner in a common understanding that absolute ownership and authority over enslaved people was as much rooted in female mastery as male. Remarkably, neither the scholarship on women slave-owners nor the far more voluminous scholarship on American slave laws and slave management have explored, or even acknowledged, how gender influenced the formulation of American slave laws, and how mistresses, in particular, featured in the roles and duties assigned to slave-owners in the management of slaves. This study seeks to redress this by examining how South Carolina’s lawmakers incorporated women slave-owners into the colony’s slave laws, culminating with an assessment of the 1740 slave code, which marked a key turning point both in the colony’s laws governing the management of slaves and in an evolving ideology of female mastery.","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41750030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-22DOI: 10.1163/2405836x-00503002
{"title":"Interview with Hannah Barker","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/2405836x-00503002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00503002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64628048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-22DOI: 10.1163/2405836x-00503003
{"title":"Interview with Fernanda Bretones Lane, Guilherme de Paula Costa Santos, Alain El Youssef","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/2405836x-00503003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00503003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64628059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1163/2405836x-00502007
Marjorie Carvalho de Souza
{"title":"Becoming Free, Becoming Black: Race, Freedom, and Law in Cuba, Virginia, and Louisiana, by Ariela Gross; Alejandro de la Fuente","authors":"Marjorie Carvalho de Souza","doi":"10.1163/2405836x-00502007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00502007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/2405836x-00502007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41299162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.1163/2405836x-00501008
Francesca Declich, Marie Rodet
1 A large body of publications has emerged on slavery in the African continent, including among others: Martin A. Klein, “Studying the History of Those Who Would Rather Forget: Oral History and the Experience of Slavery,”History in Africa 16 (1989): 215; Edward A. Alpers, “Recollecting Africa: DiasporicMemory in the IndianOceanWorld,”African Studies Review 43 (1) (2000): 83–99; Rosalind Shaw,Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002); Eric E. Hahonou and Baz Lecocq, “Introduction: Exploring Post-Slavery in Contemporary Africa,” International Journal of African Historical Studies 48, no. 2 (2015): 181–192; Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene, Martin A. Klein, African Slaves, African Masters. Politics, Memories, Social Life (Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 2017); Alice Bellagamba. “Yesterday and today. Studying African slavery, the Slave Trade and their Legacies through Oral Sources,” in Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene, Martin A. Klein, eds., African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade. Vol 2: Sources and Methods (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 174–197; Alice Bellagamba. “Living in the shadows of slavery”, OPEN DEMOCRACY (2016) https://www.opendemocracy .net/beyondslavery/alice‐bellagamba/living‐in‐shadows‐of‐slavery, accessed on 10 November 2019; Marie Rodet, “Escaping Slavery and Building Diasporic Communities in French Soudan and Senegal, ca. 1880–1949,” The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 48, no. 2 (2015): 363–386; Marie Rodet, “Listening to the History of ThoseWho Don’t Forget,” History in Africa, 40, no. 1 (2013): 27–29; Francesca Declich. “ ‘A free Woman Could Marry a Slavebecause of Hunger’.Memories of Life in Slavery along theNorthernMozambiqueCoast,” in Bellagamba, Greene, and Klein, eds., African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade, 175– 200; Francesca Declich. “ ‘Gendered Narratives,’ History, and Identity: Two Centuries along the Juba River among the Zigula and Shanbara,”History in Africa 22 (1995): 93–122; Francesca Declich, “Shiftingmemories and forcedmigrations: the Somali Zigulamigration toTanzania,” Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute, 88, no. 3 (2018): 539–559; Nicholas
{"title":"African Slavery in Documentary Films","authors":"Francesca Declich, Marie Rodet","doi":"10.1163/2405836x-00501008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00501008","url":null,"abstract":"1 A large body of publications has emerged on slavery in the African continent, including among others: Martin A. Klein, “Studying the History of Those Who Would Rather Forget: Oral History and the Experience of Slavery,”History in Africa 16 (1989): 215; Edward A. Alpers, “Recollecting Africa: DiasporicMemory in the IndianOceanWorld,”African Studies Review 43 (1) (2000): 83–99; Rosalind Shaw,Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002); Eric E. Hahonou and Baz Lecocq, “Introduction: Exploring Post-Slavery in Contemporary Africa,” International Journal of African Historical Studies 48, no. 2 (2015): 181–192; Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene, Martin A. Klein, African Slaves, African Masters. Politics, Memories, Social Life (Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 2017); Alice Bellagamba. “Yesterday and today. Studying African slavery, the Slave Trade and their Legacies through Oral Sources,” in Alice Bellagamba, Sandra E. Greene, Martin A. Klein, eds., African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade. Vol 2: Sources and Methods (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 174–197; Alice Bellagamba. “Living in the shadows of slavery”, OPEN DEMOCRACY (2016) https://www.opendemocracy .net/beyondslavery/alice‐bellagamba/living‐in‐shadows‐of‐slavery, accessed on 10 November 2019; Marie Rodet, “Escaping Slavery and Building Diasporic Communities in French Soudan and Senegal, ca. 1880–1949,” The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 48, no. 2 (2015): 363–386; Marie Rodet, “Listening to the History of ThoseWho Don’t Forget,” History in Africa, 40, no. 1 (2013): 27–29; Francesca Declich. “ ‘A free Woman Could Marry a Slavebecause of Hunger’.Memories of Life in Slavery along theNorthernMozambiqueCoast,” in Bellagamba, Greene, and Klein, eds., African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade, 175– 200; Francesca Declich. “ ‘Gendered Narratives,’ History, and Identity: Two Centuries along the Juba River among the Zigula and Shanbara,”History in Africa 22 (1995): 93–122; Francesca Declich, “Shiftingmemories and forcedmigrations: the Somali Zigulamigration toTanzania,” Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute, 88, no. 3 (2018): 539–559; Nicholas","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/2405836x-00501008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48884444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-28DOI: 10.1163/2405836x-00501009
Marie Rodet
In 2010 I filmed descendants of formerly enslaved populations in Kayes narrating the history of their ancestors and the realities of internal slavery in West Africa. The result was a 23-minute documentary film entitled “The Diambourou: Slavery and Emancipation in Kayes—Mali,” which was released in 2014. The film was as much responding to specific historiographical questions in the field as a tool of research action to raise awareness among younger generations and to fight legacies of social discrimination today. With the exactions perpetuated against descendants of formerly enslaved populations in the Kayes region since 2018, the film, via its access-free online version, has experienced a second life as an anti-slavery activist medium, helping to bridge the gap between endogenous historical fighting against slavery and contemporary anti-slavery activism in the Soninke diaspora.
{"title":"Documenting the History of Slavery on Film in Kayes, Mali","authors":"Marie Rodet","doi":"10.1163/2405836x-00501009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00501009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2010 I filmed descendants of formerly enslaved populations in Kayes narrating the history of their ancestors and the realities of internal slavery in West Africa. The result was a 23-minute documentary film entitled “The Diambourou: Slavery and Emancipation in Kayes—Mali,” which was released in 2014. The film was as much responding to specific historiographical questions in the field as a tool of research action to raise awareness among younger generations and to fight legacies of social discrimination today. With the exactions perpetuated against descendants of formerly enslaved populations in the Kayes region since 2018, the film, via its access-free online version, has experienced a second life as an anti-slavery activist medium, helping to bridge the gap between endogenous historical fighting against slavery and contemporary anti-slavery activism in the Soninke diaspora.","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/2405836x-00501009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46998464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-16DOI: 10.1163/2405836x-00402009
Seth Richardson
This contribution looks at Babylonian slaves and servants as they appear in 322 Old Babylonian letters. This corpus has not been used for this purpose before, and now reveals that the primary economic functions of slaves had to do with information and credit in an economic environment of mercantilism, rather than with labor in the agricultural sector. Cuneiform letters, rarely mentioning work, instead emphasized the independent movement of slaves, their delegation as proxies to their masters to conduct business, and their capacity to serve as collateral for loans. The analysis of this evidence permits a deeper look at the ethics of care and control that conditioned the relations of masters and slaves, and what we can now say about the personhood of slaves and servants.
{"title":"Walking Capital","authors":"Seth Richardson","doi":"10.1163/2405836x-00402009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00402009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This contribution looks at Babylonian slaves and servants as they appear in 322 Old Babylonian letters. This corpus has not been used for this purpose before, and now reveals that the primary economic functions of slaves had to do with information and credit in an economic environment of mercantilism, rather than with labor in the agricultural sector. Cuneiform letters, rarely mentioning work, instead emphasized the independent movement of slaves, their delegation as proxies to their masters to conduct business, and their capacity to serve as collateral for loans. The analysis of this evidence permits a deeper look at the ethics of care and control that conditioned the relations of masters and slaves, and what we can now say about the personhood of slaves and servants.","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/2405836x-00402009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48662437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-16DOI: 10.1163/2405836X-00403001
K. Allerfeldt
When the history of American abolitionist legislation is assessed—if it gets any consideration at all—the 1910 White Slave Act is often regarded as a flawed overreaction to a largely imagined, or at least exaggerated, problem. However, the law, usually known as the Mann Act, has arguably influenced US trafficking policy more than any other single law since the 13th Amendment. This article examines the career, ambitions and misfortunes of one of the leading figures behind the Act, the immigration investigator Marcus Braun, to show how the concept of slavery was manipulated. It also shows how the problem of trafficking evolved over the opening years of the twentieth century and how the legacy of the Mann Act has continued to affect American attitudes toward sex and morality and their ties to slavery ever since.
{"title":"Marcus Braun and “White Slavery”","authors":"K. Allerfeldt","doi":"10.1163/2405836X-00403001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2405836X-00403001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When the history of American abolitionist legislation is assessed—if it gets any consideration at all—the 1910 White Slave Act is often regarded as a flawed overreaction to a largely imagined, or at least exaggerated, problem. However, the law, usually known as the Mann Act, has arguably influenced US trafficking policy more than any other single law since the 13th Amendment. This article examines the career, ambitions and misfortunes of one of the leading figures behind the Act, the immigration investigator Marcus Braun, to show how the concept of slavery was manipulated. It also shows how the problem of trafficking evolved over the opening years of the twentieth century and how the legacy of the Mann Act has continued to affect American attitudes toward sex and morality and their ties to slavery ever since.","PeriodicalId":52325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Slavery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/2405836X-00403001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42567634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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