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The soybean GTPase RAC1 interacts with the rhizobial effector NopC to promote root nodulation and increase yield. 大豆GTPase RAC1与根瘤菌效应物NopC相互作用,促进根瘤形成,提高产量。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101752
Chao Ma, Mingliang Yang, Xulun Dong, Zikun Zhu, Hanyu Zhao, Chengjun Lei, Zhongkun Chen, Xinru Yu, Jean-Malo Couzigou, Haoran Zhang, Xiaoxia Wu, Pascal Ratet, Qingshan Chen, Dawei Xin, Jinhui Wang

Rhizobial type-Ⅲ effectors (T3Es) contribute to establishing symbiotic interactions with legume host plants, alongside Nod factors. However, the functions of most rhizobial T3Es, as well as the regulatory and molecular mechanisms underlying their symbiotic effects on hosts, particularly in soybean, are poorly documented. Here, we characterize the function of the T3E Nodulation Outer Protein C (NopC) in the broad-host-range rhizobium Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 for promoting symbiosis in soybean. NopC genotype influences root nodulation across diverse host germplasm and this is further influenced by GmRAC1, encoding a ROP/RAC family GTPase in soybean. GmRAC1 physically interacts with NopC to subsequently induce the expression of the essential symbiotic genes GmNIN2a/2b and GmENOD40. Knock-down of GmNIN2a/2b results in NopC failing to promote symbiosis, and Gmrac1 mutants have fewer nodules than the wild type. NopC facilitates multiple infection stages whereas the requirement for GmRAC1 is pronounced for infection-thread progression and nodule-primordia initiation. Natural variation in the GmRAC1 promoter largely dictates the symbiotic contribution of NopC during symbiotic establishment, and elite GmRAC1 haplotypes with strong expression were artificially selected in soybean breeding. Transgenic over-expression level and elite GmRAC1 haplotypes increase plant height, 100-seed weight and soybean yield. GmRAC1 serves as a key regulator of NopC-mediated symbiosis promotion and offers translational potential for enhanced symbiotic nitrogen fixation in molecular breeding of soybean.

根瘤菌型Ⅲ效应物(T3Es)与Nod因子一起有助于与豆科寄主植物建立共生相互作用。然而,大多数根瘤菌T3Es的功能,以及它们对宿主的共生作用的调控和分子机制,特别是在大豆中,文献很少。在此,我们研究了T3E结瘤外蛋白C (NopC)在广宿主菲氏中华根瘤菌HH103中促进大豆共生的功能。NopC基因型影响不同寄主种质的根瘤形成,并进一步受到编码大豆ROP/RAC家族GTPase的GmRAC1的影响。GmRAC1与NopC物理相互作用,随后诱导必需共生基因GmNIN2a/2b和GmENOD40的表达。敲低GmNIN2a/2b导致NopC不能促进共生,并且Gmrac1突变体的结节比野生型少。NopC促进多个感染阶段,而GmRAC1对感染线进展和结节原基起始的要求是明显的。GmRAC1启动子的自然变异在很大程度上决定了NopC在共生建立过程中的贡献,在大豆育种中人工选择了表达强的GmRAC1精英单倍型。转基因过表达水平和优良GmRAC1单倍型可提高株高、百粒重和大豆产量。GmRAC1是nopc介导的共生促进的关键调控因子,在大豆分子育种中具有增强共生固氮的转化潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Rice ethylene receptors OsERS1/2 function as Ca2+-permeable channels to mediate calcium-dependent antagonism of ethylene-induced root growth inhibition. 水稻乙烯受体OsERS1/2作为Ca2+渗透通道介导乙烯诱导的根生长抑制的钙依赖性拮抗。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101753
Zhangli Ye, Zijian Yang, Changyuan Li, Yangbo Chen, Enjie Yu, Chunhui Song, Zongran Yang, Shuo Liu, Hao Tian, Dongdong Kong, Legong Li, Liangyu Liu

Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple food for over half the global population, has evolved unique physiological mechanisms to adapt to its semi-aquatic environment, among which root development is critical for nutrient acquisition, stress tolerance, and grain yield. Ethylene, a gaseous phytohormone, regulates rice root elongation. Calcium (Ca2+), an essential nutrient and universal second messenger, mediates various plant physiological pathways. However, the molecular link between ethylene signaling and Ca2+ dynamics in rice, especially in root growth regulation that impacts agricultural productivity, remains unclear. Here, we identified a calcium-dependent antagonism to ethylene-induced response (CAER) that specifically modulates root elongation in the model cereal rice. Interestingly, we demonstrate that rice ethylene receptors OsERS1/2 function as Ca2+-permeable channels. In particular, OsERS1 exhibits permeability to both monovalent and divalent cations. Further mutagenesis analysis reveals that OsERS1 channel activity relies on homomeric assembly sites (Cys4 and Cys6) rather than its ethylene-binding site (Cys65), indicating a clear decoupling of the molecular modules governing receptor signaling and ion channel function. Loss-of-function mutant Osers1 and Osers2 failed to exhibit the CAER phenotype observed in the wild type (WT), confirming that this calcium-dependent regulatory mechanism is dependent on OsERS1/2. Collectively, these findings uncover an unexpected ion-channel function of ethylene receptors, redefining their molecular identity beyond canonical signaling receptors. Moreover, our work introduced the concept of "hormone receptor-type ion channel (HRIC)" as a new functional category, which enriches our understanding of how plant hormones transduce signals at the molecular level.

水稻(Oryza sativa)是全球一半以上人口的主食,它进化出独特的生理机制来适应其半水生环境,其中根系发育对养分获取、抗逆性和粮食产量至关重要。乙烯是一种气体植物激素,调控水稻根系伸长。钙(Ca2+)是一种必需的营养物质和普遍的第二信使,介导了植物的多种生理途径。然而,乙烯信号和水稻Ca2+动态之间的分子联系,特别是影响农业生产力的根系生长调节,仍不清楚。在这里,我们发现了一种钙依赖的对乙烯诱导反应(CAER)的拮抗作用,这种拮抗作用特异性地调节了模型谷物水稻的根伸长。有趣的是,我们证明了水稻乙烯受体OsERS1/2作为Ca2+渗透通道的功能。特别是,OsERS1对单价和二价阳离子都表现出渗透性。进一步的诱变分析表明,OsERS1通道活性依赖于同源组装位点(Cys4和Cys6)而不是其乙烯结合位点(Cys65),这表明控制受体信号传导和离子通道功能的分子模块明显解耦。功能缺失突变体Osers1和Osers2未能表现出野生型(WT)中观察到的CAER表型,证实了这种钙依赖性调节机制依赖于Osers1 /2。总的来说,这些发现揭示了乙烯受体意想不到的离子通道功能,重新定义了它们在典型信号受体之外的分子身份。此外,我们的工作引入了“激素受体型离子通道(HRIC)”的概念作为一个新的功能类别,丰富了我们对植物激素如何在分子水平上转导信号的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal that p-coumaroyl-CoA 2'-hydroxylases act upstream of stilbene synthases to mediate oxyresveratrol biosynthesis in mulberry (Morus alba L.). 综合多组学分析表明,桑树(Morus alba L.)对coumaryl - coa2 '-羟化酶作用于二苯乙烯合成酶的上游,介导氧化白藜芦醇的生物合成。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101751
Antonio Santiago, Gastón A Pizzio, Pablo Romero, Ascensión Martínez-Márquez, María José Martínez-Esteso, Jone Echeverria, Susana Selles-Marchart, Raquel Alvarez-Urdiola, Chen Zhang, David Navarro-Payá, Estel la Micó, Antonio Samper-Herrero, Jaime Morante-Carriel, Riccardo Aiese Cigliano, David Manzano, Roque Bru-Martínez, José Tomás Matus

Oxyresveratrol is a bioactive stilbenoid with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities that accumulates in mulberry (Morus alba L.) tissues. Despite its relevance, the biosynthetic origin of oxyresveratrol has remained unclear, with competing hypotheses proposing either hydroxylation of resveratrol or synthesis from a distinct precursor. Moreover, resveratrol and oxyresveratrol naturally accumulate in non-renewable parts of mulberry trees, limiting their efficient extraction. To bypass these spatiotemporal constraints, we established cell suspension cultures from mulberry twigs and demonstrated that combined treatment with methyl jasmonate and methyl- or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins elicits high levels of both resveratrol and oxyresveratrol, accumulating intra- and extracellularly. Using this system, we addressed the biological question of how oxyresveratrol is synthesized at the molecular level in mulberry. We first improved the structural and functional annotation of the mulberry genome by integrating short- and long-read sequencing data derived from elicited cell suspension transcriptomes. By combining these resources with integrative transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses, we identified a coordinated induction of several stilbene synthases (STSs) and a group of p-coumaroyl-CoA 2'-hydroxylases (C2'Hs) that were strongly co-expressed with resveratrol and oxyresveratrol accumulation. Functional validation in Nicotiana benthamiana, grapevine cell cultures, and in vitro enzyme assays demonstrated that C2'Hs catalyze the hydroxylation of p-coumaroyl-CoA upstream of the STS reaction, generating 2',4'-dihydroxycinnamoyl-CoA as an alternative substrate for STSs. These findings reveal that oxyresveratrol is produced through a biosynthetic pathway parallel to resveratrol formation rather than via post-synthetic hydroxylation. In addition, we provide genomic and transcriptomic resources contextualized within jasmonate-mediated elicitation, enabling the discovery of novel phenylpropanoid structural and regulatory genes in the Morus genus. Together, our work establishes a new biosynthetic paradigm for stilbenoid diversification in plants and delivers molecular tools and resources for the biotechnological production of oxyresveratrol.

氧化白藜芦醇是一种生物活性的二苯乙烯类化合物,具有很强的抗氧化、抗炎和酪氨酸酶抑制活性,在桑树(Morus alba L.)组织中积累。尽管其相关性,氧化白藜芦醇的生物合成起源仍不清楚,有相互竞争的假说提出白藜芦醇羟基化或从不同的前体合成。此外,白藜芦醇和氧化白藜芦醇在桑树的不可再生部分自然积累,限制了它们的有效提取。为了绕过这些时空限制,我们从桑树枝条中建立了细胞悬浮培养,并证明茉莉酸甲酯和甲基或羟丙基-β-环糊精联合处理可引起高水平的白藜芦醇和氧化白藜芦醇,并在细胞内和细胞外积累。利用该体系,研究了桑树中氧化白藜芦醇在分子水平上的合成过程。我们首先通过整合来自诱导细胞悬浮转录组的短读和长读测序数据,改进了桑树基因组的结构和功能注释。通过将这些资源与综合转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学分析相结合,我们确定了几种二苯乙烯合成酶(STSs)和一组对coumaryl - coa2 '-羟化酶(C2'Hs)的协同诱导,这些酶与白藜芦醇和氧化白藜芦醇积累强烈共表达。在烟叶、葡萄细胞培养和体外酶分析中进行的功能验证表明,C2'Hs在STS反应上游催化对coumaroyl- coa的羟基化,生成2',4'-二羟基肉桂酰辅酶a,作为STS的替代底物。这些发现表明,氧化白藜芦醇是通过与白藜芦醇形成平行的生物合成途径产生的,而不是通过合成后的羟基化。此外,我们还提供了茉莉酸介导激发的基因组和转录组学资源,从而能够在桑属植物中发现新的苯丙素结构和调控基因。总之,我们的工作为植物中二苯乙烯类化合物的多样化建立了新的生物合成范例,并为生物技术生产氧化白藜芦醇提供了分子工具和资源。
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引用次数: 0
Turnip crinkle virus coat protein subverts DRB7-mediated compensatory RNAi through ubiquitin-proteasome dependent degradation. 萝卜皱纹病毒外壳蛋白通过泛素蛋白酶体依赖性降解破坏drb7介导的代偿性RNAi。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101750
Kunxin Wu, Yan Fu, Pingjuan Zhao, Qiuxian Xie, Shuxia Li, Yadan Wu, Xueting Liu, Ping Gan, Mengbin Ruan, Xiuchun Zhang

The evolutionary arms race between plants and viruses hinges on the sophistication of host defense mechanisms and viral counter-defenses. RNA silencing serves as a fundamental antiviral strategy in plants, primarily mediated by Dicer-like (DCL) proteins such as DCL4, which is stabilized by its canonical cofactor dsRNA-binding protein 4 (DRB4). Interestingly, residual DCL4 activity persists in drb4 mutants, suggesting compensatory pathways. Here, we identify the single-dsRNA-binding motif (dsRBM) proteins DRB7.1 and DRB7.2 as essential cofactors that sustain DCL4-dependent antiviral defense in the absence of DRB4. This functional compensation occurs despite a lack of sequence homology with DRB4, illustrating a novel mechanism of "structural substitution" wherein functional redundancy is achieved through divergent domain architecture rather than sequence conservation. Furthermore, we show that Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) actively subverts this backup defense through its coat protein (CP), which directly interacts with both DRB7.1 and DRB7.2 and promotes their degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our findings reveal a multi-layered molecular arms race centered on cofactor homeostasis, highlighting how plants employ structural plasticity to maintain antiviral silencing and how viruses dynamically adapt by hijacking host degradation system. This study redefines conventional notions of functional redundancy in antiviral defense and underscores the intricate co-evolution between RNA silencing components and viral counter-defense strategies.

植物和病毒之间的进化军备竞赛取决于宿主防御机制和病毒反防御的复杂性。RNA沉默是植物中一种基本的抗病毒策略,主要由dicer样(DCL)蛋白介导,如DCL4, DCL4由其典型的辅助因子dsrna结合蛋白4 (DRB4)稳定。有趣的是,残留的DCL4活性在drb4突变体中持续存在,表明存在代偿途径。在这里,我们发现单dsrna结合基序(dsRBM)蛋白DRB7.1和DRB7.2是在缺乏DRB4的情况下维持dcl4依赖性抗病毒防御的必要辅助因子。尽管与DRB4缺乏序列同源性,但这种功能补偿仍然发生,说明了一种新的“结构替代”机制,其中功能冗余是通过不同的结构域架构而不是序列守恒来实现的。此外,我们发现芜菁皱缩病毒(TCV)通过其外壳蛋白(CP)主动破坏这一后备防御,该外壳蛋白直接与DRB7.1和DRB7.2相互作用,并通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统促进它们的降解。我们的研究结果揭示了以辅因子稳态为中心的多层分子军备竞赛,突出了植物如何利用结构可塑性来维持抗病毒沉默,以及病毒如何通过劫持宿主降解系统来动态适应。这项研究重新定义了抗病毒防御中功能冗余的传统概念,并强调了RNA沉默成分与病毒反防御策略之间复杂的共同进化。
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引用次数: 0
The TaDof-2D-miR1832-TaP450-7A module regulates low temperature-induced release of seed dormancy in wheat. TaDof-2D-miR1832-TaP450-7A模块调节小麦低温诱导的种子休眠释放。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101749
Wei Gao, Zi-Heng Cui, Hua Xie, Jia-Jia Cao, Li-Tian Zhang, Yu-Xia Lv, Bing-Bing Tian, Chao-Xu He, Zi-Wei Wang, Pei-Bo He, Jie Lu, Chuan-Xi Ma, Cheng Chang, Yong-Ling Ruan, Hai-Ping Zhang

In wheat, exposure to low temperatures (LT) during the middle and late stages of seed development induces the release of dormancy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identified a novel microRNA (miR1832), which is downregulated by LT and located at a key node of the related regulatory network, using the whole-transcriptome sequencing technology. Germination experiments showed that overexpression of miR1832 enhanced seed dormancy (SD), while its silencing repressed seed dormancy. Further sequence variation and association analysis indicated that an A/G mutation at -670 bp in the miR1832 promoter was significantly associated with phenotypic difference in seed dormancy across wheat varieties, with A associated with strong dormancy. Combining yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual-luciferase (LUC) reporter assays, we found that the LT-responsive Dof transcription factor TaDof-2D binds directly to the A site in the miR1832 promoter and inhibits its transcription. Subsequently, through expression analysis, dual-LUC assay, and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE), we confirmed that miR1832 targets the cytochrome P450 gene TaP450-7A, which is upregulated by LT and negatively regulates SD. Finally, physiological and biochemical analysis further demonstrated that the TaDof-2D-miR1832-TaP450-7A module appears to participate in LT-induced dormancy release by influencing α-amylase activity as well as the abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) pathways. These findings not only demonstrate a new regulatory mechanism underlying LT-induced dormancy release, but also provide promising genetic resources and molecular markers for breeding wheat varieties with optimal dormancy levels.

在小麦种子发育的中后期,低温(LT)可以诱导休眠的释放。然而,潜在的监管机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们利用全转录组测序技术鉴定了一个新的microRNA (miR1832),它被LT下调,位于相关调控网络的关键节点。萌发实验表明,miR1832过表达增强了种子休眠,而其沉默抑制了种子休眠。进一步的序列变异和关联分析表明,miR1832启动子-670 bp处的A/G突变与小麦品种种子休眠表型差异显著相关,其中A与强休眠相关。结合酵母单杂交(Y1H)、电泳迁移转移试验(EMSA)和双荧光素酶(LUC)报告基因试验,我们发现lt应答型Dof转录因子TaDof-2D直接结合到miR1832启动子的A位点并抑制其转录。随后,我们通过表达分析、双luc测定和cDNA末端5′快速扩增(5′-RACE),证实miR1832靶向细胞色素P450基因TaP450-7A,该基因被LT上调,并负调控SD。最后,生理生化分析进一步证明,TaDof-2D-miR1832-TaP450-7A模块似乎通过影响α-淀粉酶活性以及脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)途径参与了lt诱导的休眠释放。这些发现不仅揭示了lt诱导小麦休眠释放的新调控机制,也为小麦最佳休眠品种的选育提供了良好的遗传资源和分子标记。
{"title":"The TaDof-2D-miR1832-TaP450-7A module regulates low temperature-induced release of seed dormancy in wheat.","authors":"Wei Gao, Zi-Heng Cui, Hua Xie, Jia-Jia Cao, Li-Tian Zhang, Yu-Xia Lv, Bing-Bing Tian, Chao-Xu He, Zi-Wei Wang, Pei-Bo He, Jie Lu, Chuan-Xi Ma, Cheng Chang, Yong-Ling Ruan, Hai-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In wheat, exposure to low temperatures (LT) during the middle and late stages of seed development induces the release of dormancy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identified a novel microRNA (miR1832), which is downregulated by LT and located at a key node of the related regulatory network, using the whole-transcriptome sequencing technology. Germination experiments showed that overexpression of miR1832 enhanced seed dormancy (SD), while its silencing repressed seed dormancy. Further sequence variation and association analysis indicated that an A/G mutation at -670 bp in the miR1832 promoter was significantly associated with phenotypic difference in seed dormancy across wheat varieties, with A associated with strong dormancy. Combining yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual-luciferase (LUC) reporter assays, we found that the LT-responsive Dof transcription factor TaDof-2D binds directly to the A site in the miR1832 promoter and inhibits its transcription. Subsequently, through expression analysis, dual-LUC assay, and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE), we confirmed that miR1832 targets the cytochrome P450 gene TaP450-7A, which is upregulated by LT and negatively regulates SD. Finally, physiological and biochemical analysis further demonstrated that the TaDof-2D-miR1832-TaP450-7A module appears to participate in LT-induced dormancy release by influencing α-amylase activity as well as the abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) pathways. These findings not only demonstrate a new regulatory mechanism underlying LT-induced dormancy release, but also provide promising genetic resources and molecular markers for breeding wheat varieties with optimal dormancy levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":52373,"journal":{"name":"Plant Communications","volume":" ","pages":"101749"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polyploidy and plant resilience to environmental stresses: Molecular mechanisms and future applications. 多倍体与植物抗逆性:分子机制及未来应用。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101748
Hamid Sobhanian, Wen-Yuan Song, Pamela S Soltis, Douglas E Soltis, Sixue Chen

Polyploidy, the condition of possessing more than two sets of chromosomes, is prevalent across the tree of life, particularly in green plants (Viridiplantae). It plays a crucial role in plant evolution, speciation, and adaptation. This review explores the intricate relationship between polyploidy and plant interactions with environmental stresses, focusing on recent studies that demonstrate how polyploid plants often exhibit enhanced stress tolerance compared to related diploids, including various biochemical and physiological responses. We also review the role of epigenetic modifications in diploid versus polyploid responses to stress. The genetic redundancy afforded by polyploidy often results in the up-regulation of stress-responsive genes and pathways, as well as neofunctionalization. Additionally, we highlight multi-omics approaches, comparing polyploids and their diploid progenitors with emphasis on the complex interactions between ploidy and stress responses. These recent results collectively enhance our understanding of how polyploid plants, including crops, rewire metabolic pathways and protein networks, thereby optimizing their survival in challenging environments. This improved knowledge of polyploids and their stress responses is essential for understanding the success of polyploid plants in nature, as well as future practical research applications; harnessing polyploid traits through breeding programs could enhance crop resilience and promote sustainable agriculture. We propose key areas for further investigation, emphasizing the potential of traits in polyploid plants for mitigating the impacts of altered climatic conditions on global food security.

多倍体,即拥有两组以上染色体的情况,普遍存在于生命之树上,特别是在绿色植物中(绿植物)。它在植物进化、物种形成和适应中起着至关重要的作用。本文综述了多倍体与植物相互作用与环境胁迫之间的复杂关系,重点介绍了最近的研究表明,多倍体植物与相关二倍体相比,往往表现出更强的抗逆性,包括各种生化和生理反应。我们还回顾了表观遗传修饰在二倍体和多倍体对胁迫的反应中的作用。多倍体所提供的遗传冗余常常导致应激反应基因和途径的上调,以及新功能化。此外,我们强调了多组学方法,比较多倍体和它们的二倍体祖细胞,重点是倍体和胁迫反应之间的复杂相互作用。这些最近的结果共同增强了我们对多倍体植物(包括作物)如何重新连接代谢途径和蛋白质网络的理解,从而优化了它们在具有挑战性的环境中的生存。对多倍体及其逆境响应的认识的提高,对于了解多倍体植物在自然界中的成功应用,以及未来的实际研究应用具有重要意义;通过育种计划利用多倍体性状可以提高作物抗灾能力,促进可持续农业。我们提出了进一步研究的重点领域,强调多倍体植物性状在减轻气候条件变化对全球粮食安全影响方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The LPA1-ITA1-BRXL4 module regulates shoot gravitropism and tiller angle in rice. LPA1-ITA1-BRXL4模块调控水稻茎部向地性和分蘖角。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101743
Cheng Fang, Danlin Zhao, Weimin Cheng, Hongrui Jiang, Dongyang Zhang, Liangzhi Tao, Yue Zhan, Hui Wang, Yu Fang, Guangle Shen, Wei Yang, Conghe Zhang, Binmei Liu, Yuejin Wu, Xiangdong Fu, Kun Wu, Yafeng Ye

Tiller angle is a critical agronomic trait influencing rice plant architecture and yield potential. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that ITA1 (LOC_Os01g51260), encoding a MYB family transcription factor, positively regulates shoot gravitropism and restricts tiller angle in rice. The ita1 mutant, characterized by a 740-bp deletion in the ITA1 promoter, displays an enlarged tiller angle due to elevated ITA1 expression. Functional assays demonstrate that ITA1 directly activates BRXL4, a gene that modulates auxin transport by influencing the subcellular localization of LAZY1, a key regulator of shoot gravitropism. Yeast one-hybrid, ChIP-qPCR, EMSA, and luciferase assays reveal that the transcriptional repressor LPA1, a member of the IDD family, directly binds to the 740-bp region of the ITA1 promoter to repress its expression. Genetic evidence shows that the lpa1 mutant phenocopies ita1 and that the lpa1/ita1-c1 double mutant partially rescues the large tiller angle phenotype. Together, our findings define a previously unknown LPA1-ITA1-BRXL4 regulatory cascade that controls shoot gravitropism and tiller angle by modulating auxin distribution. This study provides new insights into plant architectural regulation and offers potential genetic targets for optimizing rice planting density and yield.

分蘖角是影响水稻植株形态和产量潜力的重要农艺性状。然而,其调控的分子机制仍不完全清楚。本研究报道,编码MYB家族转录因子的ITA1 (LOC_Os01g51260)正调控水稻茎部向地性,限制分蘖角度。ita1突变体的特征是ita1启动子缺失740-bp,由于ita1表达升高,其分蘖角增大。功能分析表明,ITA1直接激活BRXL4, BRXL4是通过影响LAZY1的亚细胞定位来调节生长素运输的基因,LAZY1是茎向倾斜的关键调节因子。酵母单杂交、ChIP-qPCR、EMSA和荧光素酶分析显示,转录抑制因子LPA1是IDD家族的一员,直接结合到ITA1启动子的740-bp区域,抑制其表达。遗传证据表明,lpa1突变体表型为ita1, lpa1/ita1-c1双突变体部分恢复了大分蘖角表型。总之,我们的发现定义了一个以前未知的LPA1-ITA1-BRXL4调节级联,通过调节生长素的分布来控制茎向倾斜和分蘖角度。该研究为植物结构调控提供了新的见解,并为优化水稻种植密度和产量提供了潜在的遗传靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging roles of mRNA acetylation in plants. mRNA乙酰化在植物中的新作用。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101742
Jie Zhao, Changhua Zhu, Xiaoyun Song, Mingjia Chen

N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a conserved acetylation modification on messenger RNA (mRNA) recently identified in plants. It is deposited by the N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE FOR CYTIDINE IN RNA (ACYR) protein, which is homologous to mammalian N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (NAT10) (Wang et al., 2023; Li et al., 2023). Here, we describe the defining features and functional landscape of ACYR-dependent ac4C marks, their effects on mRNA expression, stability, splicing, and translation, and their roles in leaf development (Wang et al., 2023), photosynthesis (Zhao et al., 2025; Cai et al., 2025), thermosensory flowering (Wu et al., 2025), and plant defense (Lu et al., 2024). We highlight current methods for ac4C profiling and discuss future directions in ac4C research.mRNA acetylation occurs in plants.

n4 -乙酰胞苷(ac4C)是最近在植物中发现的一种保守的信使RNA (mRNA)乙酰化修饰。它由N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE FOR CYTIDINE IN RNA (ACYR)蛋白沉积,该蛋白与哺乳动物的N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (NAT10)同源(Wang et al., 2023; Li et al., 2023)。在这里,我们描述了acyr依赖性ac4C标记的定义特征和功能景观,它们对mRNA表达、稳定性、剪接和翻译的影响,以及它们在叶片发育(Wang等人,2023)、光合作用(Zhao等人,2025;Cai等人,2025)、热感觉开花(Wu等人,2025)和植物防御(Lu等人,2024)中的作用。我们重点介绍了目前的ac4C分析方法,并讨论了ac4C研究的未来方向。mRNA乙酰化发生在植物中。
{"title":"Emerging roles of mRNA acetylation in plants.","authors":"Jie Zhao, Changhua Zhu, Xiaoyun Song, Mingjia Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N<sup>4</sup>-acetylcytidine (ac<sup>4</sup>C) is a conserved acetylation modification on messenger RNA (mRNA) recently identified in plants. It is deposited by the N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE FOR CYTIDINE IN RNA (ACYR) protein, which is homologous to mammalian N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE (NAT10) (Wang et al., 2023; Li et al., 2023). Here, we describe the defining features and functional landscape of ACYR-dependent ac<sup>4</sup>C marks, their effects on mRNA expression, stability, splicing, and translation, and their roles in leaf development (Wang et al., 2023), photosynthesis (Zhao et al., 2025; Cai et al., 2025), thermosensory flowering (Wu et al., 2025), and plant defense (Lu et al., 2024). We highlight current methods for ac<sup>4</sup>C profiling and discuss future directions in ac<sup>4</sup>C research.mRNA acetylation occurs in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":52373,"journal":{"name":"Plant Communications","volume":" ","pages":"101742"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bag-controlled low-nitrogen fertilization induces root arbutin secretion to enrich rhizosphere Pseudomonas for enhanced nitrogen fixation in peach. 袋控低氮施肥诱导桃根熊果苷分泌,丰富根际假单胞菌,增强固氮能力。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101745
Yanyan Li, Jian Guo, Huitian Wei, Guangyuan Liu, Shanshan Gao, Zixuan Li, Zhe Wang, Xiaoyue Zhang, Qiuju Chen, Yuansong Xiao, Futian Peng

The interactions between the roots of plants and the nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the rhizosphere are crucial for plant growth and development. However, the contribution of rhizosphere microbial nitrogen fixation to peach trees growth and the underlying interaction mechanisms remain unclear. Our study demonstrated that the peach trees under bag-controlled precise and stabilized low-nitrogen (BCLN) fertilization exhibited a significant increase in root microbial abundance and soil nitrogen fixation. The peach rhizosphere soil exhibited significantly enhanced microbial α-diversity, increased nitrogen-fixing microbial abundance, and elevated nitrogenase activity under BCLN fertilization. Further analysis showed that the BCLN fertilization induced peach roots to secrete arbutin, which mediated the enrichment of the Pseudomonas strain DT33X, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, and thereby enhanced plant nitrogen-use efficiency. Arbutin, a component of the root exudate, enhanced the growth, colonization, and nitrogen-fixing capacity of DT33X, as evidenced by the increased copy number of the nifH gene in soil. Thus, we elucidated the mechanistic link between peach roots and nitrogen-fixing microbes under BCLN fertilization and found that specific root-derived signaling molecules regulated nitrogen-fixing bacteria, thereby improving nitrogen-use efficiency of the peach trees.

植物根系与根际固氮微生物之间的相互作用对植物的生长发育至关重要。然而,根际微生物固氮对桃树生长的贡献及其相互作用机制尚不清楚。本研究表明,袋控精确稳定低氮(BCLN)施肥显著增加了桃树根系微生物丰度和土壤固氮量。BCLN处理显著提高了桃根际土壤微生物α-多样性,增加了固氮微生物丰度,提高了氮酶活性。进一步分析表明,BCLN施肥诱导桃根分泌熊果苷,熊果苷介导固氮细菌假单胞菌DT33X的富集,从而提高植株氮素利用效率。根分泌物中的熊果苷能增强DT33X的生长、定殖和固氮能力,土壤中nifH基因拷贝数增加。因此,我们阐明了BCLN施肥下桃树根系与固氮微生物之间的机制联系,并发现特定的根源信号分子调控固氮细菌,从而提高桃树的氮素利用效率。
{"title":"Bag-controlled low-nitrogen fertilization induces root arbutin secretion to enrich rhizosphere Pseudomonas for enhanced nitrogen fixation in peach.","authors":"Yanyan Li, Jian Guo, Huitian Wei, Guangyuan Liu, Shanshan Gao, Zixuan Li, Zhe Wang, Xiaoyue Zhang, Qiuju Chen, Yuansong Xiao, Futian Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interactions between the roots of plants and the nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the rhizosphere are crucial for plant growth and development. However, the contribution of rhizosphere microbial nitrogen fixation to peach trees growth and the underlying interaction mechanisms remain unclear. Our study demonstrated that the peach trees under bag-controlled precise and stabilized low-nitrogen (BCLN) fertilization exhibited a significant increase in root microbial abundance and soil nitrogen fixation. The peach rhizosphere soil exhibited significantly enhanced microbial α-diversity, increased nitrogen-fixing microbial abundance, and elevated nitrogenase activity under BCLN fertilization. Further analysis showed that the BCLN fertilization induced peach roots to secrete arbutin, which mediated the enrichment of the Pseudomonas strain DT33X, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, and thereby enhanced plant nitrogen-use efficiency. Arbutin, a component of the root exudate, enhanced the growth, colonization, and nitrogen-fixing capacity of DT33X, as evidenced by the increased copy number of the nifH gene in soil. Thus, we elucidated the mechanistic link between peach roots and nitrogen-fixing microbes under BCLN fertilization and found that specific root-derived signaling molecules regulated nitrogen-fixing bacteria, thereby improving nitrogen-use efficiency of the peach trees.</p>","PeriodicalId":52373,"journal":{"name":"Plant Communications","volume":" ","pages":"101745"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A process engineering framework for parameter space optimization in speed breeding. 速度育种中参数空间优化的过程工程框架。
IF 11.6 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101746
Kannan Selvamuthu, Ganesh Alagarasan
{"title":"A process engineering framework for parameter space optimization in speed breeding.","authors":"Kannan Selvamuthu, Ganesh Alagarasan","doi":"10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52373,"journal":{"name":"Plant Communications","volume":" ","pages":"101746"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Plant Communications
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