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Editorial board member 编委会成员
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2666-6790(21)00018-5
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Alinity m HPV and cobas HPV assays on cervical specimens in diverse storage media 不同储存介质宫颈标本中Alinity m型HPV和cobas型HPV检测的比较
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200224
Dan Jang , Sam Ratnam , Marek Smieja , David J. Speicher , Manuel Arias , Avery Clavio , Dustin Costescu , Laurie Elit , Shihai Huang , Erika Herrero-Garcia , Ajith M. Joseph , Hao Jiang , Robert Needle , Max Chernesky

Objective

To assess the concordance of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) testing with the Alinity assay on cervical samples collected with diverse collection/storage protocols (ThinPrep, SurePath, Cervicollect) and to assess inter-assay concordance of HR-HPV testing of cervical cell specimens with Alinity m HR HPV assay (Alinity) vs cobas® 4800 HPV assay (cobas).

Methods

Specimens were obtained from 560 women attending a Women's Health clinic. Two specimens were obtained from each woman with combinations of two of the three collection devices and aliquots were tested by the two assays.

Results

Alinity showed an agreement of 93.9%, Kappa = 0.89 (263/280) between ThinPrep and SurePath specimens; 97.5%, Kappa = 0.95 (347/356) and 92.9%, Kappa = 0.85 (104/112) between ThinPrep and SurePath aliquots taken before or after cytology processing, respectively. Cervi-Collect specimens showed an agreement of 94.6%, Kappa = 0.89 (265/280) with ThinPrep specimens. Compared to cobas, Alinity showed agreements of 94.3%, Kappa = 0.88 (395/419) and 91.8%, Kappa = 0.82 (257/280) between ThinPrep and SurePath specimens, respectively. Alinity and cobas detected genotypes 16/18 and other high-risk HPV types at similar rates and showed similar correlations with cytology grades.

Conclusions

Compared to cobas, Alinity performed equally well for detecting HPV in cervical specimens obtained with ThinPrep and SurePath. The Cervi-Collect device compared well to the other collection methods. Alinity is a reliable assay for simultaneous detection of HPV-16/18 and other high-risk genotypes in cervical specimens.

目的评估不同采集/储存方案(ThinPrep、SurePath、Cervicollect)宫颈标本中高危HPV (HR-HPV)检测与Alinity检测的一致性,并评估Alinity m HR HPV检测(Alinity)与cobas®4800 HPV检测(cobas)宫颈细胞标本中高危HPV检测的一致性。方法从一家妇女保健诊所的560名妇女中采集标本。从每名妇女身上获得两份标本,使用三种收集装置中的两种组合,并通过两种分析对等分进行测试。结果ThinPrep与SurePath样品的盐度一致性为93.9%,Kappa = 0.89 (263/280);在细胞学处理前和细胞学处理后,ThinPrep和SurePath分别为97.5%,Kappa = 0.95(347/356)和92.9%,Kappa = 0.85(104/112)。Cervi-Collect标本与ThinPrep标本的一致性为94.6%,Kappa = 0.89(265/280)。与cobas相比,Alinity的一致性为94.3%,Kappa = 0.88 (395/419); Alinity的一致性为91.8%,Kappa = 0.82(257/280)。Alinity和cobas检测到基因型16/18和其他高危型HPV的比例相似,并与细胞学分级显示相似的相关性。结论与cobas相比,Alinity在ThinPrep和SurePath获得的宫颈标本中检测HPV的效果相同。与其他收集方法相比,Cervi-Collect设备性能良好。Alinity是同时检测宫颈标本中HPV-16/18和其他高危基因型的可靠方法。
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引用次数: 2
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 infection in a Japanese mare 日本母马外阴鳞状细胞癌与马蹄乳头瘤病毒2型感染相关
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200226
Nanako Yamashita-Kawanishi , Soma Ito , James K. Chambers , Kazuyuki Uchida , Masato Sato , Hui Wen Chang , Cameron Knight , Frank van der Meer , Takeshi Haga

Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection has been associated with genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development in horses. However, very few reports on EcPV2-associated disease in Asia exist. Our study characterizes pathological and virological features of an EcPV2-associated vulvar SCC from a Japanese mare. Conventional PCR, in situ hybridization, reverse-transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence and distribution of EcPV2 within the lesion and suggested that p53 degradation may not be the mechanism by which this virus induces neoplastic transformation. The complete viral sequence in this Japanese case shows near perfect sequence homology with European reference strains of EcPV2, which may be useful when considering the target for future EcPV2 vaccine development. This report also serves to highlight the importance of EcPV2 in female (vulvar) neoplasia, which is less commonly recognized than EcPV2-induced male (penile or preputial) neoplasia. Finally, the SCC described in this mare was an unusual acantholytic variant that has not been reported previously in horses. It is the first report of EcPV2 identified from genital SCC in Asia and underscores the likely worldwide distribution of this virus and its consistent association with equine genital neoplasia.

马阴道乳头瘤病毒2型(EcPV2)感染与马生殖器鳞状细胞癌(SCC)的发展有关。然而,在亚洲很少有关于ecpv2相关疾病的报道。我们研究了日本母马ecpv2相关外阴SCC的病理和病毒学特征。常规PCR、原位杂交、逆转录酶PCR和免疫组织化学证实了EcPV2在病变内的存在和分布,提示p53降解可能不是该病毒诱导肿瘤转化的机制。日本病例的完整病毒序列显示与欧洲EcPV2参考株的序列同源性接近完美,这在考虑未来EcPV2疫苗开发的目标时可能有用。该报告还强调了EcPV2在女性(外阴)肿瘤中的重要性,这比EcPV2诱导的男性(阴茎或包皮)肿瘤更不常见。最后,在这匹母马中描述的SCC是一种不寻常的棘溶性变异,以前没有在马中报道过。这是亚洲首例从生殖器鳞状细胞癌中发现EcPV2的报告,并强调了该病毒可能在世界范围内的分布及其与马生殖器瘤变的一致关联。
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引用次数: 3
Does the number of doses matter? A qualitative study of HPV vaccination acceptability nested in a dose reduction trial in Tanzania 剂量多少重要吗?一项定性研究HPV疫苗接种可接受性嵌套在坦桑尼亚剂量减少试验
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200217
K.R. Mitchell , T. Erio , H.S. Whitworth , G. Marwerwe , J. Changalucha , K. Baisley , C.J. Lacey , R. Hayes , S. de SanJosé , D. Watson-Jones

Background

The multi-dose regimen is a known barrier to successful human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Emerging evidence suggests that one vaccine dose could protect against HPV. While there are clear advantages to a single dose schedule, beliefs about vaccine dosage in low and middle income countries (LMICs) are poorly understood. We investigated acceptability of dose-reduction among girls, and parents/guardians of girls, randomised to receive one, two or three doses in an HPV vaccine dose-reduction and immunobridging study (DoRIS trial) in Tanzania.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with girls (n = 19), and parents/guardians of girls (n = 18), enrolled in the study and completing their vaccine course.

Results

Most participants said they entrusted decisions about the number of HPV vaccine doses to experts. Random allocation to the different dose groups did not feature highly in the decision to participate in the trial. Given a hypothetical choice, girls generally said they would prefer fewer doses in order to avoid the pain of injections. Parental views were mixed, with most wanting whichever dose was most efficacious. Nonetheless, a few parents equated a higher number of doses with greater protection.

Conclusion

Vaccine trials and programmes will need to employ careful messaging to explain that one dose offers sufficient protection against HPV should emerging evidence from ongoing dose-reduction clinical trials support this.

背景:多剂量方案是成功接种人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗的一个已知障碍。新出现的证据表明,一剂疫苗可以预防HPV。虽然单一剂量计划有明显的优势,但人们对低收入和中等收入国家的疫苗剂量知之甚少。在坦桑尼亚的一项HPV疫苗减剂量和免疫桥接研究(DoRIS试验)中,我们调查了女孩和女孩的父母/监护人对减剂量的接受程度,这些女孩被随机分为一剂、两剂或三剂。方法对参加研究并完成疫苗课程的女孩(n = 19)和女孩的父母/监护人(n = 18)进行半结构化访谈。结果大多数参与者表示,他们将HPV疫苗剂量的决定委托给专家。随机分配到不同剂量组在决定是否参加试验中没有很高的作用。在一个假设的选择中,女孩们普遍表示,为了避免注射的痛苦,她们更愿意少注射一些。家长们的意见不一,大多数人希望哪种剂量最有效。尽管如此,还是有一些家长认为,注射次数越多,保护作用就越大。结论:如果正在进行的减少剂量的临床试验中出现的证据支持这一点,疫苗试验和规划需要谨慎地传达信息,以解释一剂疫苗就能提供足够的预防HPV的保护。
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引用次数: 1
Epstein-Barr virus: Current questions and challenges 爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒:当前的问题和挑战
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200218
Lori Frappier

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most people worldwide and persists for life due to complicated interplay between lytic infection and multiple types of latent infections. While usually asymptomatic, EBV is a causative agent in several types of cancer and has a strong association with multiple sclerosis. Exactly how EBV promotes these diseases and why they are rare consequences of infection are incompletely understood. Here I will discuss current ideas on disease induction by EBV, including the importance of lytic protein expression in the context of latent infection as well as the possible importance of specific EBV variants in disease induction.

eb病毒(Epstein-Barr virus, EBV)感染了世界上大多数人,由于溶解性感染和多种潜伏性感染之间复杂的相互作用,EBV可终生存在。虽然EBV通常无症状,但它是几种癌症的病原体,与多发性硬化症有很强的相关性。EBV究竟是如何促进这些疾病的,以及为什么它们是感染的罕见后果,目前还不完全清楚。在这里,我将讨论目前关于EBV诱导疾病的观点,包括在潜伏感染背景下裂解蛋白表达的重要性,以及特定EBV变体在疾病诱导中的可能重要性。
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引用次数: 20
Almost famous: Human adenoviruses (and what they have taught us about cancer) 几乎出名的:人类腺病毒(以及它们教给我们的关于癌症的知识)
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200225
Tanner M. Tessier , Mackenzie J. Dodge , Katelyn M. MacNeil , Andris M. Evans , Martin A. Prusinkiewicz , Joe S. Mymryk

Papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses and adenoviruses are collectively categorized as the small DNA tumour viruses. Notably, human adenoviruses were the first human viruses demonstrated to be able to cause cancer, albeit in non-human animal models. Despite their long history, no human adenovirus is a known causative agent of human cancers, unlike a subset of their more famous cousins, including human papillomaviruses and human Merkel cell polyomavirus. Nevertheless, seminal research using human adenoviruses has been highly informative in understanding the basics of cell cycle control, gene expression, apoptosis and cell differentiation. This review highlights the contributions of human adenovirus research in advancing our knowledge of the molecular basis of cancer.

乳头瘤病毒、多瘤病毒和腺病毒统称为小DNA肿瘤病毒。值得注意的是,人类腺病毒是第一个被证明能够致癌的人类病毒,尽管是在非人类动物模型中。尽管人类腺病毒有着悠久的历史,但没有一种人类腺病毒是已知的人类癌症病原体,不像它们更著名的表亲,包括人类乳头瘤病毒和人类默克尔细胞多瘤病毒。然而,利用人类腺病毒进行的开创性研究在理解细胞周期控制、基因表达、细胞凋亡和细胞分化的基础知识方面提供了大量信息。这篇综述强调了人类腺病毒研究在促进我们对癌症分子基础的认识方面的贡献。
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引用次数: 11
Using protection motivation theory to explain the intention to initiate human papillomavirus vaccination among men who have sex with men in China 用保护动机理论解释中国男男性行为者接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的意向
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200222
Ruonan Huang , Zhenyu Wang , Tanwei Yuan , Tom Nadarzynski , Han-Zhu Qian , Peiyang Li , Xiaojun Meng , Guanghui Wang , Yepeng Zhou , Danyang Luo , Ying Wang , Yong Cai , Huachun Zou

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases are common among men who have sex with men (MSM). The most effective prevention is HPV vaccination. In China, however, men are not included in the HPV vaccination plan. We investigated the intention to initiate HPV vaccination and associated factors among MSM in China. Methods We surveyed 563 unvaccinated MSM aged 18 or older from six cities in China. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire about demographics, knowledge of and attitude towards HPV and HPV vaccine, intention to initiate HPV vaccination, willingness to recommend HPV vaccine to peers, feeling about government policy about HPV vaccination. We used the structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze factors associated with HPV vaccine intention. Results The knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine among participants was low. The mean score of knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccine was only 1.59 (range 0–11). The intention to initiate HPV vaccination within 6 months among participants was moderate (43.3% in total, 18.1% for ‘very high' and 25.2% for ‘above average').

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染及相关疾病在男男性行为者(MSM)中很常见。最有效的预防措施是接种HPV疫苗。然而,在中国,男性不包括在HPV疫苗接种计划中。我们调查了中国男男性行为者开始接种HPV疫苗的意愿及其相关因素。方法对来自中国6个城市的563名18岁及以上未接种疫苗的男男性接触者进行调查。参与者完成了一份关于人口统计学、对HPV和HPV疫苗的知识和态度、开始接种HPV疫苗的意愿、向同龄人推荐HPV疫苗的意愿、对政府HPV疫苗接种政策的感受的电子问卷。我们使用结构方程模型(SEM)分析与HPV疫苗意向相关的因素。结果受访人群对HPV及HPV疫苗的知识知晓率较低。HPV和HPV疫苗知识的平均得分仅为1.59分(范围0-11)。参与者在6个月内开始接种HPV疫苗的意图是中等的(总共43.3%,18.1%为“非常高”,25.2%为“高于平均水平”)。
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引用次数: 7
Development and evaluation of an online continuing education course to increase healthcare provider self-efficacy to make strong HPV vaccine recommendations to East African immigrant families 开发和评估在线继续教育课程,以提高医疗保健提供者的自我效能,向东非移民家庭提出强有力的HPV疫苗建议
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200214
SarahAnn M. McFadden , Linda K. Ko , Megha Shankar , Anisa Ibrahim , Debra Berliner , John Lin , Farah B. Mohamed , Fanaye Amsalu , Ahmed A. Ali , Sou Hyun Jang , Rachel L. Winer

Objective

To develop and evaluate an online continuing education (CE) course designed to improve healthcare provider self-efficacy to make strong adolescent HPV vaccine recommendations to East African immigrant families.

Methods

Focus groups with providers and East African immigrant mothers informed course development. Providers serving East African immigrant families were recruited to view the course and complete pre-/post-test and two-month follow-up surveys. Pre-/post differences were compared with paired t-tests.

Results

202 providers completed the course and pre-/post-test; 158 (78%) completed two-month follow-up. Confidence to make strong HPV vaccine recommendations to East African families increased from 68% pre-test to 98% post-test. Confidence to address common parental concerns also increased: safety, 54% pre-test, 92% post-test; fertility, 55% pre-test, 90% post-test; child too young, 68% pre-test, 92% post-test; and pork gelatin in vaccine manufacturing, 38% pre-test, 90% post-test. Two-month follow-up scores remained high (97% for overall confidence, 94%–97% for addressing parental concerns). All pre-/post-test and pre-test/two-month follow-up comparisons were statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The online CE course focused on culturally appropriate strategies for making strong recommendations and addressing specific parental concerns was effective for increasing provider self-efficacy to recommend HPV vaccination to East African families. Similar courses could be tailored to other priority populations.

目的开发和评估在线继续教育(CE)课程,旨在提高医疗保健提供者的自我效能,向东非移民家庭提供强有力的青少年HPV疫苗建议。方法与提供者和东非移民母亲进行焦点小组讨论,了解课程的发展情况。为东非移民家庭提供服务的提供者被招募来观看课程,并完成测试前/测试后和两个月的随访调查。前后差异采用配对t检验比较。结果202名提供者完成了课程和前后测试;158例(78%)完成了2个月的随访。向东非家庭提出强有力的人乳头瘤病毒疫苗建议的信心从检测前的68%增加到检测后的98%。解决家长常见问题的信心也有所增加:安全,测试前为54%,测试后为92%;生育能力,检测前55%,检测后90%;儿童年龄太小,68%为前测,92%为后测;猪肉明胶在疫苗生产中的比例,38%是前测,90%是后测。两个月的随访得分仍然很高(总体信心为97%,解决父母担忧为94%-97%)。所有测试前/测试后和测试前/两个月随访比较均有统计学意义(p <0.05)。结论在线CE课程侧重于文化上适当的策略,以提出强有力的建议和解决父母的具体问题,有效地提高了提供者向东非家庭推荐HPV疫苗接种的自我效能。类似的课程也可以针对其他优先人群。
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引用次数: 13
Harnessing immunity for therapy in human papillomavirus driven cancers 利用免疫治疗人类乳头瘤病毒驱动的癌症
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200212
Peter L. Stern

In persistent high-risk HPV infection, viral gene expression can trigger some important early changes to immune capabilities which act to protect the lesion from immune attack and subsequently promote its growth and ability for sustained immune escape. This includes immune checkpoint-inhibitor ligand expression (e.g. PD-L1) by tumour or associated immune cells that can block any anti-tumour T-cell effectors. While there are encouraging signs of efficacy for cancer immunotherapies including with immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines and adoptive cell therapies, overall response and survival rates remain relatively low. HPV oncogene vaccination has shown some useful efficacy in treatment of patients with high-grade lesions but was unable to control later stage cancers. To maximally exploit anti-tumour immune responses, the suppressive factors associated with HPV carcinogenesis must be countered. Importantly, a combination of chemotherapy, reducing immunosuppressive myeloid cells, with therapeutic HPV vaccination significantly improves impact on cancer treatment. Many clinical trials are investigating checkpoint inhibitor treatments in HPV associated cancers but response rates are limited; combination with vaccination is being tested. Further investigation of how chemo- and/or radio-therapy can influence the recovery of effective anti-tumour immunity is warranted. Understanding how to optimally deploy and sequence conventional and immunotherapies is the challenge.

在持续的高危HPV感染中,病毒基因表达可引发免疫能力的一些重要早期变化,这些变化可保护病变免受免疫攻击,并随后促进其生长和持续免疫逃逸的能力。这包括肿瘤或相关免疫细胞的免疫检查点抑制剂配体表达(例如PD-L1),可以阻断任何抗肿瘤t细胞效应物。虽然癌症免疫疗法(包括免疫检查点抑制剂、治疗性疫苗和过继性细胞疗法)的疗效有令人鼓舞的迹象,但总体反应和存活率仍然相对较低。HPV癌基因疫苗在治疗高级别病变患者中显示出一些有用的疗效,但无法控制晚期癌症。为了最大限度地利用抗肿瘤免疫反应,必须对抗与HPV致癌相关的抑制因子。重要的是,化疗,减少免疫抑制性骨髓细胞,与治疗性HPV疫苗接种的组合显着提高了对癌症治疗的影响。许多临床试验正在研究HPV相关癌症的检查点抑制剂治疗,但反应率有限;与疫苗接种的结合正在试验中。进一步研究化疗和/或放疗如何影响有效抗肿瘤免疫的恢复是必要的。了解如何优化常规疗法和免疫疗法的部署和排序是一个挑战。
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引用次数: 6
Effective HPV vaccination coverage in Australia by number of doses and two-dose spacing: What if one or two doses are sufficient? 澳大利亚有效的HPV疫苗接种覆盖率按剂量数和两剂间隔:如果一剂或两剂就足够了呢?
IF 4.3 Q1 Medicine Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200216
Megan A. Smith , Karen Winch , Karen Canfell , Julia ML. Brotherton

Background

Initially, three-dose schedules were recommended for vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV); subsequently recommendations have been updated to a schedule of two doses delivered at least six (minimum five) months apart for those aged <15 years at dose 1. We aimed to re-estimate effective HPV vaccination coverage in Australia, considering reduced-dose schedules and possible one-dose effectiveness. We also aimed to identify which of the three school visits was most commonly missed amongst two-dose only recipients, to inform optimal timing of visits.

Methods

National vaccination register data were used to estimate: i) vaccination coverage at December 2017, either with a complete course (three or two sufficiently-spaced doses (>151 days apart)), or at least one dose; ii) for each birth cohort offered vaccination, the percentage of the initially targeted cohort with a complete course, or at least one dose (reflecting uptake at the time the vaccine was offered); and iii) among two-dose only recipients, the percentage who missed each of three school visits.

Results

Including those with two sufficiently-spaced doses increased end-2017 coverage by 1.3–2.8% points in those vaccinated at school. Including those with at least one dose increased coverage further, by 6.5–9.5% points, mostly due to including those receiving multiple too-closely-spaced doses. One-dose coverage reached 90.9% and 86.9% in females and males respectively born in 2002.

Among those vaccinated at school who received only two doses, it was much more common to miss the first (31.0% females; 32.5% males) or the third visit in the school year (54.6% females; 48.6% males) than the second (14.1% females; 18.8% males).

Conclusions

Including those with two sufficiently-spaced doses has a very modest impact on HPV vaccine coverage in Australia. If receiving at least one dose offers substantial protection, these data suggest that the school-based program is now achieving close to 90% coverage on this measure.

最初,人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗推荐采用三剂接种方案;随后,建议更新为15岁人群两次剂量至少间隔6个月(至少5个月),每次剂量为1。我们的目的是重新估计澳大利亚有效的HPV疫苗接种覆盖率,考虑减少剂量计划和可能的单剂量有效性。我们还旨在确定三种学校访问中哪一种在仅两次剂量的接受者中最常错过,以告知最佳访问时间。方法使用国家疫苗接种登记数据来估计:i) 2017年12月的疫苗接种覆盖率,要么是完整疗程(3次或2次足够间隔的剂量(间隔151天)),要么是至少一次剂量;Ii)对于每个提供疫苗接种的出生队列,最初目标队列中完成整个接种过程或至少一次接种的百分比(反映在提供疫苗时的接种情况);第三,在只注射两次疫苗的接受者中,错过三次学校访问的百分比。结果:包括两次足够间隔剂量的人在内,2017年底在学校接种疫苗的覆盖率提高了1.3-2.8%。包括那些至少接受一次剂量的人,覆盖率进一步提高了6.5-9.5%,这主要是由于包括那些接受多次间隔太近的剂量的人。2002年出生的女性和男性的单剂覆盖率分别达到90.9%和86.9%。在那些在学校只接种了两剂疫苗的人中,错过第一剂疫苗的情况更为常见(31.0%的女性;32.5%男性)或在学年内第三次到访(54.6%女性;男性48.6%),女性14.1%;18.8%的男性)。结论:在澳大利亚,包括两次足够间隔的剂量对HPV疫苗覆盖率的影响非常有限。如果至少接种一剂疫苗就能提供实质性的保护,这些数据表明,以学校为基础的项目目前在这一措施上的覆盖率接近90%。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Tumour Virus Research
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