Evolutionary Psychological Science最新文献

Not having an intimate partner is a common state in contemporary post-industrial societies. One reason that individuals report for being single is their fear of relationship commitment. The objective of the current research was to investigate the factors that are associated with the fear of relationship commitment and how this fear is associated with singlehood. In a sample of 453 Turkish-speaking participants, we found that lower levels of agreeableness, openness, mating performance, and relationship quality were associated with a higher fear of relationship commitment. Moreover, a higher fear of relationship commitment was linked to a greater likelihood of being single compared to being in an intimate relationship. Additionally, we found that lower levels of self-esteem, extraversion, and openness were associated with reduced mating performance, which, in turn, was associated with a higher fear of relationship commitment and a higher probability of being single compared to being in an intimate relationship.

The elimination of various forms of discrimination is often considered to be the way to achieve gender equality in terms of pay and the proportion of each sex in occupations. However, considering that men and women physically and psychologically differ in various ways, it is possible that the absence of gender equality is actually the result of voluntary preferences. The concept of Spontaneous Occurrence of Division of Labor (SODOL) is proposed in the current paper to examine how people voluntarily create a division of labor. A sample of 5279 people from 14 countries participated in an online scenario experiment to determine how willing they would be to perform riskier and more physically demanding tasks instead of their partner if they had to work with their partner to complete a variety of tasks. The results showed that men were more likely than women, and participants paired with the same sex partner were less likely than participants paired with the opposite sex partner to undertake tasks that were risky and more physically demanding. In addition, when paired with the opposite sex partner, the division of labor between men and women occurred to an extreme degree. Moreover, these patterns were consistent across 14 countries.

Models of radicalization have typically placed grievances at the heart of radicalization. In contrast, we argue that viewing the radicalizing agent as decidedly proactive, and less reactive, better accounts for the available data. At the core of our radicalization model is the functional structure of envy. The operative properties of the emotion align with essential and conspicuous features of the radicalization process: a motivation to monitor social differentials, an identification of sources of postulated welfare costs, an impulse to eliminate or depower purported competitors, an attempt to diffuse responsibility for one’s aggressive actions, and the rejoicing at the envied agent’s misfortune. Two of those operative properties are particularly important for our understanding of radicalization. Envy motivates the neutralization of competitors when responsibility for welfare costs is not objectively attributable to others’ wrongdoing toward the party who feels injured. The “process of typification” serves as a means to diffuse responsibility. It extends the reach of individual concerns by downplaying the particulars of the personal situation motivating the envious agent while evoking universally shared interaction templates (e.g., humiliation, injustice) to appeal to a broader audience.