Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria最新文献_第9页

Validación del Mini-Z para la detección de burnout en personal sanitario colombiano 验证用于检测哥伦比亚医护人员职业倦怠的迷你 Z。

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.04.002

Claudia Rivera-Fernández , Marcio Soto-Añari , Loida Camargo , Nicole Caldichoury , Luis Ramos , María F. Porto , Norman López

引用次数: 1

Descripción de pacientes colombianos con simulación/magnificación de enfermedad mental, un problema frecuente en psiquiatría laboral 哥伦比亚精神疾病模拟/放大患者的描述，这是工作精神病学中常见的问题

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.11.006

Jonathan Camilo Beltrán García , Felipe Villegas Salazar , Samuel David Barbosa

Introduction

Occupational psychiatry evaluates the relationship of manifestations of mental problems with work. The Colombian occupational insurance model provides financial and work-related benefits due to occupational disease, and simulation can therefore become a challenge for the psychiatrist.

Methods

We evaluated 76 patients in a mental health medical board, applying simulation tests (SIMS, TOMM and the Rey 15-item test) and cognitive performance and personality tests. We analysed the results with measures of central tendency and dispersion, Pearson's correlation index, the χ²test, Student's t test and the Mann Whitney U test. We carried out a binary logistic regression model of magnification behaviours using independent clinical, neuropsychological and personality variables.

Results

71% had suffered work accidents; 84.2% had a psychiatric diagnosis pre-meeting and 27.6% post-meeting; clinical inconsistencies and magnification and simulation of symptoms were demonstrated; 64.5% reported chronic pain and 50% were disabled. All simulation tests positively correlated with each other and the F-K index (MMPI-2), positively correlated with SIMS and schooling. Medical disability and chronic pain increased the risk of magnifying behaviours.

Conclusions

The mental health medical board enables effective identification of illness, simulation and magnification in difficult cases. The simulation and magnification behaviours are associated with medical disability and chronic pain. Our results demonstrate the importance of an adequate diagnosis and early detection of simulation and magnification behaviours.

导言职业精神病学评估精神问题表现与工作的关系。哥伦比亚的职业保险模式提供因职业病而导致的经济和工作相关福利，因此模拟测试对精神病医生来说是一项挑战。我们用中心倾向和离散度、皮尔逊相关指数、χ2 检验、学生 t 检验和曼-惠特尼 U 检验对结果进行了分析。我们利用独立的临床、神经心理学和人格变量对放大行为进行了二元逻辑回归模型分析。结果71%的人曾遭遇工伤事故；84.2%的人在会前有精神病诊断，27.6%的人在会后有精神病诊断；临床表现不一致，症状被放大和模拟；64.5%的人报告有慢性疼痛，50%的人有残疾。所有模拟测试与 F-K 指数（MMPI-2）呈正相关，与 SIMS 和学校教育呈正相关。结论心理健康医疗委员会能够有效识别疑难病例中的疾病、模拟和放大行为。模拟和放大行为与医疗残疾和慢性疼痛有关。我们的研究结果表明，充分诊断并及早发现模拟和放大行为非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Situaciones traumáticas en víctimas de desplazamiento forzado en Colombia con diagnóstico de TEPT: inicio, tipos, frecuencias, gravedad e impacto 哥伦比亚被诊断为创伤后应激障碍的被迫流离失所受害者的创伤情况:开始、类型、频率、严重程度和影响

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.08.004

Laura Juliana Barchelot Aceros , Gonzalo Galvan , Daysy Katherine Pabón-Poches , Francisco Vasquez de la Hoz , Pedro Elías Ramírez Bustos , Manuel Francisco Guerrero Martelo , Marlen Simancas Fernández , Jairo Miguel Torres-Oviedo , Beatriz Brunal Vergara , Diana Esther Salgado , Virnay Padilla

Introduction

Armed conflict is associated with the presence of emotional symptoms and mental disorders in victims, the most recurrent being post-traumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, anxiety and depressive reactions. The purpose of the study is to characterise situations due to forced displacement in people who meet diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder according to gender.

Methods

A descriptive, cross-sectional non-experimental study in a sample consisting of 1367 subjects between 18 and 70 years of age included in the single registry of victims, of which 588 were classified as the clinical sample. The symptoms, history and severity of PTSD were evaluated using the EGEP-5 instrument. The data were analysed using descriptive and frequency techniques, as well as differences in means and Chi2 in relation to the gender variable.

Results

In categorizing situations, it was observed that women were exposed with a significantly higher frequency than men to physical violence, sexual harassment and partner violence; in turn, men were exposed with a significantly higher frequency than women to acts of terrorism or torture, serious accidents in means of transport, other types of accidents and violence, abuse or sexual assault.

Conclusions

All the people included in this study, in addition to the fact of forced displacement, have been exposed to at least one potentially traumatizing adverse event; of these, just over two-fifths meet clinical criteria for PTSD and, no less noticeable, is the fact that they are polytraumatised people, having been exposed to multiple traumatic situations.

导言武装冲突与受害者的情绪症状和精神障碍有关，其中最常见的是创伤后应激障碍、情绪障碍、焦虑和抑郁反应。本研究的目的是根据性别来描述符合创伤后应激障碍诊断标准的人因被迫流离失所而出现的情况。研究人员使用 EGEP-5 工具对创伤后应激障碍的症状、病史和严重程度进行了评估。在对情况进行分类时，发现女性遭受身体暴力、性骚扰和伴侣暴力的频率明显高于男性；反过来，男性遭受恐怖主义行为或酷刑、严重交通事故、其他类型的事故以及暴力、虐待或性侵犯的频率明显高于女性。结论本研究中的所有人，除了被迫流离失所这一事实外，还至少经历过一次可能造成创伤的不利事件；其中，略高于五分之二的人符合创伤后应激障碍的临床标准，而且，同样值得注意的是，他们是多重创伤人群，经历过多种创伤情况。

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引用次数: 0

Factores asociados con el comportamiento suicida en adolescentes. Estudio poblacional 青少年自杀行为的相关因素。人口研究

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.08.005

Iris Tatiana Buriticá, María del Mar Arango, Isabel Vélez, Sebastián Estrada, Gloria Sierra-Hincapié, Diana Restrepo

Introduction

Suicide is the third leading cause of death in young people between 15 and 19 years old, a population in which it has been increasing since 2014. Determining the factors associated with this complex behaviour is the first step in developing early intervention strategies. The objective was to analyse the sociodemographic and clinical psychiatric factors associated with suicidal behaviour in adolescents from Envigado, in 2017.

Methods

Cross-sectional, population-based analytical study, nested in the Envigado Population-based Mental Health Study, 2017. Two hundred and one adolescents aged 15 to 18 were included, to whom the CIDI-3 was applied. The prevalence of suicidal behaviour was calculated and associated sociodemographic and clinical factors were analysed using multivariate logistic regression. ORs with 95% CIs are presented.

Results

The mean age was 15 years, 51.7% were women. The prevalences of suicidal behaviour were 20.9% for ideation, 12.9% for planning and 10.9% for attempt. Being a woman (OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-4.87), of low socioeconomic status (OR = 4.09; 95% CI, 1.80-9.23), with a history of oppositional defiant disorder (OR = 4.89; 95% CI, 1.17-20.39) or a history of major depressive disorder (OR = 5.26; 95% CI, 1.91-14.48) were associated with suicidal behaviour.

Conclusions

Among adolescents in the city of Envigado, suicidal behaviour has a high prevalence, being higher among those who are socially and economically disadvantaged, particularly among women. This profile should be considered when planning strategies to promote mental health and prevent mental disorders.

导言自杀是造成 15 至 19 岁青少年死亡的第三大原因，自 2014 年以来，这一人群的自杀率一直在上升。确定与这种复杂行为相关的因素是制定早期干预策略的第一步。研究目的是分析与 2017 年恩维加多青少年自杀行为相关的社会人口学和临床精神病学因素。方法：横断面人群分析研究，嵌套于 2017 年恩维加多人群心理健康研究。研究纳入了 211 名 15 至 18 岁的青少年，并对他们采用了 CIDI-3。我们计算了自杀行为的发生率，并使用多变量逻辑回归分析了相关的社会人口和临床因素。结果平均年龄为 15 岁，51.7% 为女性。有自杀意念、计划和企图自杀行为的比例分别为 20.9%、12.9% 和 10.9%。女性（OR = 1.12；95% CI，1.02-4.87）、社会经济地位低（OR = 4.09；95% CI，1.80-9.23）、有对立违抗障碍病史（OR = 4.89；95% CI，1.17-20.39）或有重度抑郁障碍病史（OR = 5.26；95% CI，1.结论在恩维加多市的青少年中，自杀行为的发生率很高，在社会和经济条件较差的青少年中发生率更高，尤其是女性。在规划促进心理健康和预防精神障碍的战略时，应考虑到这一特征。

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引用次数: 3

Estado emocional y psicológico del personal de enfermería agredido durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Latinoamérica 拉丁美洲 COVID-19 大流行期间受袭护士的情绪和心理状态

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.08.006

Juan Pablo Sánchez-De la Cruz , Thelma Beatriz González-Castro , Sherezada Pool-García , Maria Lilia López-Narváez , Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate

Introduction

The new COVID-19 disease is worldwide. During the pandemic, attacks on healthcare staff have increased. The objective of the study was to know the incidence of aggression towards nursing staff and to evaluate the main emotional and psychological symptoms experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America.

Method

A cross-sectional survey was applied to nursing staff of Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. Sociodemographic information was obtained concerning aggression, psychological symptoms, and emotional state. Descriptive statistics were applied in frequencies and percentages, means and standard deviation.

Results

310 people from Mexico (65.2%), Argentina (5.8%), Colombia (5.2%), Honduras (5.2%), Costa Rica (4.5%) and other Latin American countries (14.1%) participated. 78.1% were women, with an average age of 35.2 years. 79.6% of the sample reported being attacked or discriminated against. The most common emotions were fear of getting sick (73.7%), sleep disturbances (33.4%), fear of infecting their relatives (33.4%). The mental health disorders reported were anxiety (29.2%), sadness (10.4%) and increased appetite (8.8%). The most frequent locations of aggression were the street and public transport.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a high incidence of aggression against nursing staff during the pandemic; in any case, the staff present emotional and mental disturbances. It is necessary to develop safety and security policies for nursing staff and provide mental health care to staff who are on the first line of defence against COVID-19.

导言：新型 COVID-19 疾病在全球范围内流行。大流行期间，针对医护人员的攻击事件有所增加。本研究旨在了解拉丁美洲护理人员遭受攻击的情况，并评估 COVID-19 大流行期间出现的主要情绪和心理症状。调查获取了有关攻击行为、心理症状和情绪状态的社会人口学信息。结果来自墨西哥（65.2%）、阿根廷（5.8%）、哥伦比亚（5.2%）、洪都拉斯（5.2%）、哥斯达黎加（4.5%）和其他拉美国家（14.1%）的 310 人参与了调查。78.1% 为女性，平均年龄为 35.2 岁。79.6%的样本报告曾受到攻击或歧视。最常见的情绪是害怕生病（73.7%）、睡眠障碍（33.4%）、害怕传染给亲属（33.4%）。报告的精神疾病有焦虑（29.2%）、悲伤（10.4%）和食欲增加（8.8%）。我们的研究结果表明，在大流行病期间，护理人员受到攻击的发生率很高；无论如何，护理人员都会出现情绪和精神障碍。有必要为护理人员制定安全和安保政策，并为处于 COVID-19 第一道防线的护理人员提供心理保健服务。

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引用次数: 3

Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II) en población universitaria colombiana 贝克- ii抑郁量表(BDI-II)在哥伦比亚大学生中的心理测量特性

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.08.007

Natalia Maldonado-Avendaño, Rubby Castro-Osorio, Pilar Cardona-Gómez

Introduction

The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most frequently used instruments in clinical and research practice for depression symptoms. However, its psychometric properties in the Colombian population are unknown. The objective of this study was to find evidence of these properties in university students, who have a high prevalence of depression.

Method

An instrumental study was carried out to evaluate the reliability, and to know the evidence of validity of the internal structure and the relationship with other variables of the BDI-II in a sample of 409 students of a private university in Bogotá.

Results

Regarding reliability, a Cronbach's alpha = 0.91 was obtained. As evidence of validity, item-test correlations were found that ranged from 0.31 to 0.67, all of them statistically significant (P< 0.0001) and a good fit of a bifactorial model (RMSEA = 0.040; SRMR = 0.046; CFI = 0.984; TLI = 0.981) and of a second-order model to the data. (RMSEA = 0.045; SRMR = 0.045; CFI = 0.978; TLI = 0.975). In relation to other variables, a direct and statistically significant correlation was found with risk factors (=0.65) and inverse with the protective factors (=–0.519) of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI).

Conclusions

This evidence indicates that the BDI-II scores obtained enable depression symptoms to be inferred in this population and its clinical and research use is recommended. However, more confirmatory studies are needed in populations with greater variability.

导言贝克抑郁量表-II（BDI-II）是临床和研究实践中最常用的抑郁症状测量工具之一。然而，它在哥伦比亚人群中的心理测量特性尚不清楚。本研究的目的是在抑郁症发病率较高的大学生中寻找这些特性的证据。方法在波哥大一所私立大学的 409 名学生样本中进行了一项工具性研究，以评估 BDI-II 的可靠性，并了解其内部结构的有效性证据以及与其他变量的关系。结果在可靠性方面，获得了 Cronbach's alpha = 0.91。作为有效性的证明，发现项目-测试相关性从 0.31 到 0.67 不等，均具有统计学意义（P< 0.0001），并且双因子模型（RMSEA = 0.040; SRMR = 0.046; CFI = 0.984; TLI = 0.981）和二阶模型与数据拟合良好。(RMSA = 0.045; SRMR = 0.045; CFI = 0.978; TLI = 0.975)。在其他变量方面，发现与自杀意念正负量表（PANSI）的风险因素（=0.65）存在直接的统计学意义上的显著相关性，而与保护因素（=-0.519）存在反相关性。然而，还需要在变异性更大的人群中进行更多的确认性研究。

{"title":"Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II) en población universitaria colombiana","authors":"Natalia Maldonado-Avendaño, Rubby Castro-Osorio, Pilar Cardona-Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2021.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2021.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most frequently used instruments in clinical and research practice for depression symptoms. However, its psychometric properties in the Colombian population are unknown. The objective of this study was to find evidence of these properties in university students, who have a high prevalence of depression.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>An instrumental study was carried out to evaluate the reliability, and to know the evidence of validity of the internal structure and the relationship with other variables of the BDI-II in a sample of 409 students of a private university in Bogotá.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Regarding reliability, a Cronbach's alpha=0.91 was obtained. As evidence of validity, item-test correlations were found that ranged from 0.31 to 0.67, all of them statistically significant (P<0.0001) and a good fit of a bifactorial model (RMSEA=0.040; SRMR=0.046; CFI=0.984; TLI=0.981) and of a second-order model to the data. (RMSEA=0.045; SRMR=0.045; CFI=0.978; TLI=0.975). In relation to other variables, a direct and statistically significant correlation was found with risk factors (=0.65) and inverse with the protective factors (=–0.519) of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This evidence indicates that the BDI-II scores obtained enable depression symptoms to be inferred in this population and its clinical and research use is recommended. However, more confirmatory studies are needed in populations with greater variability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages S51-S59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Caracterización de la consulta de salud mental comunitaria de un centro de atención primaria en Cali, Colombia 哥伦比亚卡利市一家初级保健中心的社区心理健康咨询特点。

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.08.003

Mauricio Hernández-Carrillo, Juan Pablo Gil, Ricardo Andrés Londoño, Cristian Ricardo Rojas, María Adelaida Arboleda-Trujillo

Objective

To characterise community mental health consultations in a primary care centre in Cali, Colombia.

Methods

Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. A secondary database was used, systematically recording patients seen in the community outpatient clinic, and a description of the information recorded therein was prepared. All the records available in the database were used. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel and the program SPSS 25 was used for the statistical analysis.

Results

481 consultations were conducted, of which 272 were first time consultations; in total 383 patients were seen, which indicates that 1.26 consultations were carried out per patient. The average age of the patients who consulted was 43.5 ± 21.7 years. Sixty-one point five percent of the consultations were for women, while adulthood was the stage of life in which the highest percentage (51.8%) attended. The most common socioeconomic stratum was 1, which indicates that this institution serves above all the low-income population.

Conclusions

The results of this study allowed us to recognise the main reasons for consultation in the community mental health service, a necessary input to design and develop preventive programmes that promote and strengthen community-based rehabilitation strategies.

目的了解哥伦比亚卡利市一家初级保健中心的社区心理健康咨询情况。方法观察性、描述性、横断面研究。研究使用了一个二级数据库，该数据库系统地记录了在社区门诊就诊的病人，并对其中记录的信息进行了描述。研究使用了数据库中的所有记录。使用 Microsoft Excel 对数据进行了处理，并使用 SPSS 25 程序进行了统计分析。就诊患者的平均年龄为 43.5±21.7 岁。女性占就诊人数的 61.5%，而成年是就诊人数最多的人生阶段（51.8%）。最常见的社会经济阶层为 1，这表明该机构的服务对象主要是低收入人群。结论：这项研究的结果使我们认识到社区精神卫生服务机构的主要就诊原因，这对于设计和开发预防性方案，促进和加强基于社区的康复战略来说是一项必要的投入。

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引用次数: 1

COVID-19, Stigma and Mental Health: Roots and Solutions COVID-19，耻辱与心理健康：根源与解决方案

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.10.004

Sheikh Shoib , Irfan Ullah , Dorottya Ori , Sheikh Mohd Saleem , Nida Hashmi , Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

引用次数: 2

Rechazo del tratamiento para la anorexia nerviosa: opinión de los profesionales de la salud mental sobre voluntariedad y estrés de rol 拒绝接受厌食症治疗：精神卫生专业人员对自愿性和角色压力的看法

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.01.005

José-Luis Fernández-Hernández , Pablo Herranz-Hernández , Laura Segovia-Torres

Introduction

The hospitalisation of patients with anorexia nervosa poses an important bioethical quandary and can generate stress for the healthcare professionals. Our goal was to know and analyse the opinion of mental health professionals on some conditions for applying the involuntary hospitalisation of patients with anorexia nervosa.

Methods

Cross-sectional descriptive observational study on a sample of 270 mental health professionals, using an ad hoc questionnaire with scores ranging from 0 to 10.

Results

The professionals state that, in some cases, the patient accepts admission reluctantly: 7.74 (95% CI, 7.55-7.93). In the event of physical risk, it is difficult for them to combine respect for the patient's autonomy and the duty of care: 6.06 (95% CI, 5.70-6.41) and the relationship with the patient is largely oriented to convince them: 7.18 (95% CI, 6.91-7.46). They do not decide on the suitability of the participation of non-medical staff in the decision: 5.13 (95% CI, 4.75-5.52), or if the indication should correspond to someone other than the doctor in charge of their care: 4.79 (95% CI, 4.39-5.19). They reject the possibility of conscientious objection: 4.05 (95% CI, 3.68-4.41).

Conclusions

Mental health professionals are subject to ambiguous work demands, which affects their care dynamics.

导言：神经性厌食症患者住院治疗是一个重要的生物伦理难题，会给医护人员带来压力。我们的目标是了解和分析精神卫生专业人员对神经性厌食症患者实施非自愿住院治疗的一些条件的看法。方法对 270 名精神卫生专业人员进行横断面描述性观察研究，采用 0-10 分的特别问卷：7.74（95% 置信区间，7.55-7.93）。在有身体风险的情况下，他们很难将尊重病人的自主权和照顾病人的责任结合起来：6.06（95% CI，5.70-6.41），与病人的关系在很大程度上是说服他们的导向：7.18（95% CI，6.91-7.46）。他们并不决定非医务人员是否适合参与决定：5.13（95% CI，4.75-5.52），也不决定是否应由负责其护理的医生以外的人作出指示：4.79（95% CI，4.39-5.19）。他们拒绝出于良心拒绝的可能性：结论精神卫生专业人员的工作要求不明确，这影响了他们的护理动态。

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引用次数: 2

Factores asociados con el machismo entre estudiantes de Medicina de ocho ciudades en cinco países Latinoamericanos 拉丁美洲5个国家8个城市的医学生中与大男子主义相关的因素

Q3 Medicine

Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.09.004

Christian R. Mejia , Anahí Cardona-Rivero , Virna Galindo , Mónica Teves-Arccata , Jhosselyn I. Chacon , Lorena Fernández-Espíndola , Isaac Martinez-Cornejo

Introduction and objectives

Machismo is a deeply rooted problem in Latin American society, but this has not been measured in the context of future health professionals. The objective was to identify factors associated with machismo among medical students from eight cities in five Latin American countries.

Methods

An analytical cross-sectional multicentre study was conducted. A total of 2,468 students of human medicine in five Latin American countries were surveyed. Machismo was measured with a validated scale (α = 0.89) and cross-checked against other important social and educational variables. Analytical statistics were derived from generalised linear models.

Results

According to the multivariate analysis, machismo occurred at the highest rate among men (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.68; 95% CI 1.29-2.21; p < 0.001) and at an older age (PR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.02; p < 0.001), whereas it occurred at lower rates at a higher level of academic study (PR 0.96; 95% CI 0.91-0.99; p = 0.043) and among those who claimed to belong to an evangelical religion (PR 0.86; 95% CI 0.76-0.98; p = 0.022). Compared to students from Asunción, those from Bogotá had a higher rate of machismo adjusted for three variables (PR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.34; p < 0.001) than those from Quito (PR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.22; p < 0.001), those from Panama City (PR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.16-1.21; p < 0.001), those from Ciudad del Este (PR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.34-1.68; p < 0.001), those from Mérida (PR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.37-1.49; p < 0.001) and those from Carabobo (PR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.52-1.68; p < 0.001); however, those from Bolívar had less machismo (PR 0.58; 95% CI, 0.51-0.66; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Factors significantly associated with machismo were found among medical the students studied; the most important ones were sex, age, academic year, religion and country of residence.

导言和目标大男子主义是拉美社会根深蒂固的问题，但这一问题尚未在未来的卫生专业人员中得到衡量。本研究旨在确定五个拉美国家八个城市的医科学生中与大男子主义相关的因素。共调查了五个拉美国家的 2468 名人类医学专业学生。大男子主义采用经过验证的量表进行测量（α = 0.89），并与其他重要的社会和教育变量进行交叉检验。结果根据多变量分析，大男子主义在男性中的发生率最高（发生率比 [PR] 1.68; 95% CI 1.29-2.21; p <0.001），且发生年龄较大（发生率比 1.02; 95% CI 1.02; p <0.001）。02; 95% CI 1.01-1.02; p <0.001），而在学历较高的人群（PR 0.96; 95% CI 0.91-0.99; p = 0.043）和自称信奉福音派宗教的人群（PR 0.86; 95% CI 0.76-0.98; p = 0.022）中，发生率较低。与亚松森的学生相比，经三个变量调整后，波哥大的学生（PR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.34; p <0.001）比基多的学生（PR 1.14；95% CI，1.06-1.22；p <；0.001）、巴拿马城（PR 1.19；95% CI，1.16-1.21；p <；0.001）、埃斯特城（PR 1.50；95% CI，1.34-1.68；p <；0.001）、梅里达（PR 1.42；95% CI，1.37-1.49；p <；0.001）和来自卡拉沃沃的学生（PR 1.60；95% CI，1.52-1.68；p <；0.001）；然而，来自玻利瓦尔的学生大男子主义程度较低（PR 0.58；95% CI，0.51-0.66；p <；0.001）。

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引用次数: 0