Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230001
Pedro Henrique Gomes Vieira De Barros, Adirson Maciel de Freitas Junior
O setor agrícola está sujeito a adversidades provenientes de eventos climáticos, incidência de pragas, incêndios e variações de mercado, sendo, portanto, de suma importância a adoção de seguro rural para uma gestão adequada das atividades agrícolas. Entretanto, a existência de falhas de mercado inibe o desenvolvimento e a ampliação desse mercado, especialmente no Brasil. Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo desse artigo é propor uma metodologia inovadora que combina algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina com imagens de satélite ópticas e de radar para previsão de sinistros agrícolas que permita uma redução das assimetrias informacionais existentes no mercado brasileiro. Classificação JEL. Q00, Q10, C81.
{"title":"Combinando Inteligência Artificial e imagens de satélite para a previsão de sinistros agrícolas: Uma nota","authors":"Pedro Henrique Gomes Vieira De Barros, Adirson Maciel de Freitas Junior","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230001","url":null,"abstract":"O setor agrícola está sujeito a adversidades provenientes de eventos climáticos, incidência de pragas, incêndios e variações de mercado, sendo, portanto, de suma importância a adoção de seguro rural para uma gestão adequada das atividades agrícolas. Entretanto, a existência de falhas de mercado inibe o desenvolvimento e a ampliação desse mercado, especialmente no Brasil. Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo desse artigo é propor uma metodologia inovadora que combina algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina com imagens de satélite ópticas e de radar para previsão de sinistros agrícolas que permita uma redução das assimetrias informacionais existentes no mercado brasileiro. Classificação JEL. Q00, Q10, C81.","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230005
Érica Basílio Tavares Ramos, José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho
Buscou-se avaliar o impacto das cooperativas e associações na produção agropecuária familiar brasileira. Estimou-se uma fronteira estocástica espacial. Em seguida, foram estudadas variáveis que explicassem a eficiência técnica produtiva. O percentual regional de estabelecimentos ligados a cooperativas e associações teve efeito positivo na produção e no desenvolvimento local. O Nordeste apresentou eficiência técnica inferior às regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. No Sul, o ambiente institucional conseguiu promover políticas com maior integração local (bottom-up) e, no Nordeste, dependeu de ações mais centralizadas com baixa inserção de instituições locais (top-down). Escolaridade e assistência técnica contribuíram para os ganhos de eficiência. Classificação JEL. C01, O13, Q1.
{"title":"Desenvolvimento regional da agricultura familiar: Cooperativismo e associativismo","authors":"Érica Basílio Tavares Ramos, José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230005","url":null,"abstract":"Buscou-se avaliar o impacto das cooperativas e associações na produção agropecuária familiar brasileira. Estimou-se uma fronteira estocástica espacial. Em seguida, foram estudadas variáveis que explicassem a eficiência técnica produtiva. O percentual regional de estabelecimentos ligados a cooperativas e associações teve efeito positivo na produção e no desenvolvimento local. O Nordeste apresentou eficiência técnica inferior às regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. No Sul, o ambiente institucional conseguiu promover políticas com maior integração local (bottom-up) e, no Nordeste, dependeu de ações mais centralizadas com baixa inserção de instituições locais (top-down). Escolaridade e assistência técnica contribuíram para os ganhos de eficiência. Classificação JEL. C01, O13, Q1.","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230015
Ana Paula Ruhe, Marcelo de C. Griebeler
We build a model that captures the main elements of the public higher education system to evaluate the performance of different financing mechanisms in terms of efficiency and equity. Our main finding is that the provision of direct places in public colleges and universities raises a trade-off between efficiency and equity whenever part of the education cost is financed through taxes. Alternative mechanisms, namely public provision with tuition fees covering totally or partially the educational cost, are also analyzed. We show that, compared to these alternatives, the policy of“free”higher education performs worse in terms of the trade-off between efficiency and equity. The less the taxpayer subsidizes students JEL Codes I22, I24the lower the trade-off.
{"title":"A note on the trade-off between efficiency and equity in public financing of higher education","authors":"Ana Paula Ruhe, Marcelo de C. Griebeler","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230015","url":null,"abstract":"We build a model that captures the main elements of the public higher education system to evaluate the performance of different financing mechanisms in terms of efficiency and equity. Our main finding is that the provision of direct places in public colleges and universities raises a trade-off between efficiency and equity whenever part of the education cost is financed through taxes. Alternative mechanisms, namely public provision with tuition fees covering totally or partially the educational cost, are also analyzed. We show that, compared to these alternatives, the policy of“free”higher education performs worse in terms of the trade-off between efficiency and equity. The less the taxpayer subsidizes students JEL Codes I22, I24the lower the trade-off.","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230014
Juliane do Carmo Duarte Magalhães, Hilton Martins de Brito Ramalho, Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o impacto da migração seletiva de retorno sobre a distribuição salarial de migrantes residentes em São Paulo. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e um método de estimação que leva em conta a seleção em não observáveis. Os achados deste estudo apontam para seleção negativa em observáveis e não observáveis no fluxo dirigido ao estado de São Paulo. Considerando a seletividade, a população migrante estaria recebendo mais se todos permanecessem, e a desigualdade dentro do grupo diminuiria substancialmente entre os percentis extremos. JEL Codes R23, J24, C14
{"title":"Migração seletiva de retorno e distribuição salarial: Evidências para população migrante em São Paulo","authors":"Juliane do Carmo Duarte Magalhães, Hilton Martins de Brito Ramalho, Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230014","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o impacto da migração seletiva de retorno sobre a distribuição salarial de migrantes residentes em São Paulo. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e um método de estimação que leva em conta a seleção em não observáveis. Os achados deste estudo apontam para seleção negativa em observáveis e não observáveis no fluxo dirigido ao estado de São Paulo. Considerando a seletividade, a população migrante estaria recebendo mais se todos permanecessem, e a desigualdade dentro do grupo diminuiria substancialmente entre os percentis extremos. JEL Codes R23, J24, C14","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230013
Edmar L. Bacha, Guilherme A. Tombolo, Flávio R. Versiani
We present evidence of overestimation of Brazil’s GDP growth both by the Getulio Vargas Foundation from 1947 to 1980 and by Claudio Haddad from 1900 to 1947. The main reason is selection bias in favor of higher-growth goods-producing activities to the detriment of Keywordsslower-growing service activities. We develop and apply methods to include such services in the real output series. As a result, we suggest haircuts that reduce the GDP yearly growth rate from 7.4% to 6.2% in the 1947-1980 period and from 4.4% to 4.0% in the 1900-1947 period. For the whole 1900-1980 period, our suggested haircuts reduce the GDP yearly growth rate from 5.7% to 4.9%. JEL Codes N16, O11, O47, O54
{"title":"Reestimating Brazil’s GDP growth from 1900 to 1980","authors":"Edmar L. Bacha, Guilherme A. Tombolo, Flávio R. Versiani","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230013","url":null,"abstract":"We present evidence of overestimation of Brazil’s GDP growth both by the Getulio Vargas Foundation from 1947 to 1980 and by Claudio Haddad from 1900 to 1947. The main reason is selection bias in favor of higher-growth goods-producing activities to the detriment of Keywordsslower-growing service activities. We develop and apply methods to include such services in the real output series. As a result, we suggest haircuts that reduce the GDP yearly growth rate from 7.4% to 6.2% in the 1947-1980 period and from 4.4% to 4.0% in the 1900-1947 period. For the whole 1900-1980 period, our suggested haircuts reduce the GDP yearly growth rate from 5.7% to 4.9%. JEL Codes N16, O11, O47, O54","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135260714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230016
Benito Adelmo Salomão Neto
This article tests the expansionist austerity hypothesis for Brazil between 2000/01 and 2020/12 through Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) models. Among the results, a long-term relationship was verified between GDP, gross and net public debt, total, direct and indirect taxes, in addition to total, mandatory and discretionary expenses. With regard to the Error Correction Models, the short-term shocks that affect the Brazilian economy dissipate, however, the adjustment dynamics is too slow for all the fiscal variables. Finally, the analysis of dynamic multipliers reports that austerity policies in Brazil, undertaken on the expenditure, tax or debt side, are expansionist. JEL Codes E32, H62, H68
{"title":"A Note on Expansionary Austerity in Brazil","authors":"Benito Adelmo Salomão Neto","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230016","url":null,"abstract":"This article tests the expansionist austerity hypothesis for Brazil between 2000/01 and 2020/12 through Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) models. Among the results, a long-term relationship was verified between GDP, gross and net public debt, total, direct and indirect taxes, in addition to total, mandatory and discretionary expenses. With regard to the Error Correction Models, the short-term shocks that affect the Brazilian economy dissipate, however, the adjustment dynamics is too slow for all the fiscal variables. Finally, the analysis of dynamic multipliers reports that austerity policies in Brazil, undertaken on the expenditure, tax or debt side, are expansionist. JEL Codes E32, H62, H68","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230017
Maria Estela Basilio de Oliveira Rocha, Fábio Nobuo Nishimura
In this paper, we estimated the effect of the School Health Program (PSE) on the total failure, total dropout, and total age/grade distortion rates based on microdata. Data was withdrawn from the School Census and Educational Indicators, published by INEP (Brazilian National Agency for Education and Research), and the list of public schools agreed in 2017 with the PSE, provided by the Ministry of Education (MEC). The Propensity Score Matching method applied sensitivity analyses developed by Ichino, Mealli, and Nannicini (2008) and Oster (2017) and heterogeneous tests to deepen questions intrinsic to the theme. The findings appoint to a fall in the total rates of failure, dropout, and age-grade distortion in schools under PSE compared to schools not participating in the Program. Such effects are significant and stand out in the total failure rate. In addition, it was noted that the PSE causes a more significant impact on the initial grades of middle school (1st to 5th grades) compared to the final years (6th to 9th grades). The sensitivity analyses proposed by Ichino et al. (2008) and Oster (2017) confirmed the result’s robustness. Heterogeneous response tests applied in sample subgroups of teacher characteristics, class characteristics, and socioeconomic level of the school indicated a reduction in the analyzed rates, reinforcing the main result. All considered this study confirmed the hypothesis that schools with PSE agreements present a decrease in the total failure rate, total dropout rate, and total age/grade distortion rate. JEL Codes I00, I11, I18
本文基于微观数据，估计了学校健康计划(PSE)对总不及格率、总辍学率和总年龄/年级扭曲率的影响。数据摘自INEP(巴西国家教育和研究局)发布的《学校普查和教育指标》，以及教育部(MEC)提供的2017年与PSE商定的公立学校名单。倾向得分匹配方法应用了由Ichino, Mealli和Nannicini(2008)和Oster(2017)开发的敏感性分析和异质性测试来深化主题固有的问题。调查结果表明，与没有参加PSE计划的学校相比，参加PSE计划的学校的总失败率、辍学率和年龄年级扭曲率都有所下降。这种影响是显著的，在总故障率中很突出。此外，我们还注意到，与中学最后几年(六年级到九年级)相比，PSE对中学最初年级(一年级到五年级)的影响更为显著。Ichino et al.(2008)和Oster(2017)的敏感性分析证实了结果的稳健性。在教师特征、班级特征和学校社会经济水平的样本子组中应用的异质反应测试表明，分析率有所降低，强化了主要结果。综上所述，本研究证实了一个假设，即签订PSE协议的学校在总不及格率、总辍学率和总年龄/年级扭曲率方面有所下降。JEL代码I00, I11, I18
{"title":"HEALTH AND EDUCATION: AN IMPACT ANALYSIS APPLYING PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING","authors":"Maria Estela Basilio de Oliveira Rocha, Fábio Nobuo Nishimura","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230017","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we estimated the effect of the School Health Program (PSE) on the total failure, total dropout, and total age/grade distortion rates based on microdata. Data was withdrawn from the School Census and Educational Indicators, published by INEP (Brazilian National Agency for Education and Research), and the list of public schools agreed in 2017 with the PSE, provided by the Ministry of Education (MEC). The Propensity Score Matching method applied sensitivity analyses developed by Ichino, Mealli, and Nannicini (2008) and Oster (2017) and heterogeneous tests to deepen questions intrinsic to the theme. The findings appoint to a fall in the total rates of failure, dropout, and age-grade distortion in schools under PSE compared to schools not participating in the Program. Such effects are significant and stand out in the total failure rate. In addition, it was noted that the PSE causes a more significant impact on the initial grades of middle school (1st to 5th grades) compared to the final years (6th to 9th grades). The sensitivity analyses proposed by Ichino et al. (2008) and Oster (2017) confirmed the result’s robustness. Heterogeneous response tests applied in sample subgroups of teacher characteristics, class characteristics, and socioeconomic level of the school indicated a reduction in the analyzed rates, reinforcing the main result. All considered this study confirmed the hypothesis that schools with PSE agreements present a decrease in the total failure rate, total dropout rate, and total age/grade distortion rate. JEL Codes I00, I11, I18","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper estimates the consequences of mismatches between workers' attainment of vocational education and requirement of this type of qualification in their occupations in Brazil. Two types of vocational education are investigated here: vocational training and secondary vocational education, which are the most important in Brazil. Combining data from the 2007 PNAD and the 2010 Brazilian Classification of Occupations, indicators of required qualification can be imputed to each employed individual according to his or her occupation. Thus, based on the attainment of vocational education, workers in the sample can be classified as adequately matched, overqualified or underqualified. Estimates indicate that the lack of required qualification seems to have negative consequences on labor earnings, and that workers with vocational education earn more than those who did not complete a course of this type even in occupations where vocational education is not need.
{"title":"Educação profissional, exigências da ocupação e rendimentos do trabalho no Brasil","authors":"Maurício Cortez Reis, Marina Ferreira Fortes Aguas","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230018","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the consequences of mismatches between workers' attainment of vocational education and requirement of this type of qualification in their occupations in Brazil. Two types of vocational education are investigated here: vocational training and secondary vocational education, which are the most important in Brazil. Combining data from the 2007 PNAD and the 2010 Brazilian Classification of Occupations, indicators of required qualification can be imputed to each employed individual according to his or her occupation. Thus, based on the attainment of vocational education, workers in the sample can be classified as adequately matched, overqualified or underqualified. Estimates indicate that the lack of required qualification seems to have negative consequences on labor earnings, and that workers with vocational education earn more than those who did not complete a course of this type even in occupations where vocational education is not need.","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20220009
G. Hirata, Lucas Melo, J. B. Oliveira
{"title":"O Fundeb e a questão da equidade","authors":"G. Hirata, Lucas Melo, J. B. Oliveira","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20220009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20220009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20220003
J. Feijó, João Mário Santos de França, Valdemar Rodrigues de Pinho Neto
{"title":"Desempenho dos estudantes ao final do ensino médio: Mensurando a influência direta e indireta da educação dos pais","authors":"J. Feijó, João Mário Santos de França, Valdemar Rodrigues de Pinho Neto","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20220003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20220003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：