Pub Date : 2012-08-17DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048575
M. Režňáková, H. Wouters, M. Dohnal
Each science park (SP) is a unique system. It is therefore prohibitively difficult to use traditional methods of SP analysis e.g., statistical analysis which require relatively extensive input information. A qualitative description is information non–intensive. It is based just on three values: positive, zero, negative. A qualitative modelling is therefore suitable for such poorly known and complex systems as SPs. Knowledge items of qualitative nature, e.g., if productivity goes up then profit does not decrease, are often the only available SP information items. Sets of such knowledge items are transferred into equationless models. A set of 22 qualitative equationless relations, among 21 variables (e.g., Quality of R&D engineers, Cooperation between industries and academics) is used as a case study. SP models incorporate variables of different nature and consequently of time behaviours. Therefore slow and fast models SP models are studied. The model's solutions i.e., set of slow and fast scenarios and transitions among them, are presented in full details.
{"title":"Equationless qualitative models of science parks: part I, individual scenarios as models solutions","authors":"M. Režňáková, H. Wouters, M. Dohnal","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048575","url":null,"abstract":"Each science park (SP) is a unique system. It is therefore prohibitively difficult to use traditional methods of SP analysis e.g., statistical analysis which require relatively extensive input information. A qualitative description is information non–intensive. It is based just on three values: positive, zero, negative. A qualitative modelling is therefore suitable for such poorly known and complex systems as SPs. Knowledge items of qualitative nature, e.g., if productivity goes up then profit does not decrease, are often the only available SP information items. Sets of such knowledge items are transferred into equationless models. A set of 22 qualitative equationless relations, among 21 variables (e.g., Quality of R&D engineers, Cooperation between industries and academics) is used as a case study. SP models incorporate variables of different nature and consequently of time behaviours. Therefore slow and fast models SP models are studied. The model's solutions i.e., set of slow and fast scenarios and transitions among them, are presented in full details.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"13 1","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85338918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-17DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048576
M. Režňáková, H. Wouters, M. Dohnal, Z. Broz
The science park (SP) qualitative models are studied in Reznakova et al. (2012). This paper concentrates on unsteady state models and its optimisation. The set of scenarios (see Reznakova et al., 2012) contains all possible time transitions among them as they contain time derivatives. It is therefore possible to generate an oriented graph which has nodes the scenarios and as oriented edges the possible transitions. Qualitative SP models can be therefore used to generate all possible dynamic behaviours i.e., all past time histories and all possible futures. A set of all possible unsteady SP state behaviours is used to support different decision making tasks and solve qualitative optimisation problems.
Reznakova et al.(2012)研究了科技园(SP)定性模型。本文主要研究非定常模型及其优化问题。场景集(见Reznakova等人，2012)包含了所有可能的时间转换，因为它们包含时间导数。因此，有可能生成一个有方向的图，其中节点是场景，有方向的边是可能的过渡。因此，定性SP模型可以用来生成所有可能的动态行为，即所有过去的时间历史和所有可能的未来。利用一组所有可能的非定常SP状态行为来支持不同的决策任务和解决定性优化问题。
{"title":"Equationless qualitative models of science parks: part II, optimisation by time sequences of scenarios","authors":"M. Režňáková, H. Wouters, M. Dohnal, Z. Broz","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048576","url":null,"abstract":"The science park (SP) qualitative models are studied in Reznakova et al. (2012). This paper concentrates on unsteady state models and its optimisation. The set of scenarios (see Reznakova et al., 2012) contains all possible time transitions among them as they contain time derivatives. It is therefore possible to generate an oriented graph which has nodes the scenarios and as oriented edges the possible transitions. Qualitative SP models can be therefore used to generate all possible dynamic behaviours i.e., all past time histories and all possible futures. A set of all possible unsteady SP state behaviours is used to support different decision making tasks and solve qualitative optimisation problems.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"1 1","pages":"307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86985427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-17DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048574
L. lez, J. Nairn, B. Stiles, G. Ascanio
International collaboration alliances have been fostered since the end of the last century to improve the competitiveness of international firms. During most of the 20th century technology transfer was normally carried out from the developed to the developing countries. In the current global context inverse technology transfer situations are incipient phenomena that can benefit the organisations involved. In this work we present and discuss the organisational learning issues resulting from an international collaboration project between a multinational firm from the USA and an R&D centre from a Mexican public university for the development of an automatic moulding press (AMP). A successful case is presented and some interesting results are provided. While the US firm obtained a technology system without distracting their own intellectual capital resources, the Mexican counterpart obtained knowledge from the learning process by performing the project activities, and at the same time both organisations learned how to interact with each other. Probably, in the near future we will see an increment of this type of international collaborations looking for open innovation and global competitiveness.
{"title":"International private-public collaboration for technology development and knowledge generation: the development of an automatic moulding press","authors":"L. lez, J. Nairn, B. Stiles, G. Ascanio","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048574","url":null,"abstract":"International collaboration alliances have been fostered since the end of the last century to improve the competitiveness of international firms. During most of the 20th century technology transfer was normally carried out from the developed to the developing countries. In the current global context inverse technology transfer situations are incipient phenomena that can benefit the organisations involved. In this work we present and discuss the organisational learning issues resulting from an international collaboration project between a multinational firm from the USA and an R&D centre from a Mexican public university for the development of an automatic moulding press (AMP). A successful case is presented and some interesting results are provided. While the US firm obtained a technology system without distracting their own intellectual capital resources, the Mexican counterpart obtained knowledge from the learning process by performing the project activities, and at the same time both organisations learned how to interact with each other. Probably, in the near future we will see an increment of this type of international collaborations looking for open innovation and global competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"38 1","pages":"278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75487307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-17DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048572
T. Chermack, Laura M. Coons
This article explores the arts of crafting and delivering scenarios. Scenario literature is quite clear about the general scenario development process, but little guidance is offered when it comes to actually sitting down and writing scenario narratives. In addition, even less guidance is available for those learning how to deliver scenarios to an audience. In other words, writing and delivering scenarios are two key practical activities, for which there is little assistance to the novice. The goal of this article was to review any available published literature on these two topics, and add to it our expertise in hopes of providing the novice scenario facilitator with some detailed information about how to accomplish these two critical pieces of scenario planning. Implications for human resource development research, theory, and practice are described and outlined, as well as implications for much needed additional research.
{"title":"Exploring the arts of crafting and delivering scenarios","authors":"T. Chermack, Laura M. Coons","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048572","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the arts of crafting and delivering scenarios. Scenario literature is quite clear about the general scenario development process, but little guidance is offered when it comes to actually sitting down and writing scenario narratives. In addition, even less guidance is available for those learning how to deliver scenarios to an audience. In other words, writing and delivering scenarios are two key practical activities, for which there is little assistance to the novice. The goal of this article was to review any available published literature on these two topics, and add to it our expertise in hopes of providing the novice scenario facilitator with some detailed information about how to accomplish these two critical pieces of scenario planning. Implications for human resource development research, theory, and practice are described and outlined, as well as implications for much needed additional research.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"7 1","pages":"233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82194839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-17DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048573
Abigail J. Veliquette, Laura M. Coons, Stephanie L. Mace, Tabitha K. L. Coates, T. Chermack, Ji Hoon Song
This article presents a replication and extension study of the relationship between scenario planning and perceptions of conversation quality and engagement. The key contribution of this article is that it addresses a major limitation of the previous study - a small sample size. This article begins with descriptions of scenario planning, conversation quality, and dialogue which establish a foundation for scenario planning and theoretical framework for measuring the effects of scenario planning on perceptions of conversation quality and engagement. Data from participant perceptions of strategic conversations skills were collected pre–and post–scenario planning project, and were subsequently compared using paired samples t–test for data analysis. For testing the construct validities of the proposed measurement models, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also conducted. This study suggests strong evidence of construct validity for the scale measuring conversation quality and engagement and further demonstrates that scenario planning is associated with significant increases in self–reported personal and interpersonal conversation and engagement skills, with moderate and strong effect sizes respectively.
{"title":"The effects of scenario planning on perceptions of conversation quality and engagement","authors":"Abigail J. Veliquette, Laura M. Coons, Stephanie L. Mace, Tabitha K. L. Coates, T. Chermack, Ji Hoon Song","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048573","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a replication and extension study of the relationship between scenario planning and perceptions of conversation quality and engagement. The key contribution of this article is that it addresses a major limitation of the previous study - a small sample size. This article begins with descriptions of scenario planning, conversation quality, and dialogue which establish a foundation for scenario planning and theoretical framework for measuring the effects of scenario planning on perceptions of conversation quality and engagement. Data from participant perceptions of strategic conversations skills were collected pre–and post–scenario planning project, and were subsequently compared using paired samples t–test for data analysis. For testing the construct validities of the proposed measurement models, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also conducted. This study suggests strong evidence of construct validity for the scale measuring conversation quality and engagement and further demonstrates that scenario planning is associated with significant increases in self–reported personal and interpersonal conversation and engagement skills, with moderate and strong effect sizes respectively.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"48 1","pages":"254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87865410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-13DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048474
M. Millson
This study examines the relationships between new product success and the proficiency with which three major New Product Development (NPD) stages are executed, and the moderation of these relationships by product innovativeness and the allocation of NPD resources. This research demonstrates that NPD stage process proficiencies are significantly related to new product success, that the proficiency with which the commercialisation stage is performed is more important to new product success than the proficiency with which other stages are performed, and that NPD resource allocation moderates the NPD process proficiency–new product success relationship. Study implications for managers and scholars are offered.
{"title":"An examination of the moderation effects of NPD resource allocation and product innovativeness on the NPD stage process proficiency–new product market success relationship","authors":"M. Millson","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048474","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationships between new product success and the proficiency with which three major New Product Development (NPD) stages are executed, and the moderation of these relationships by product innovativeness and the allocation of NPD resources. This research demonstrates that NPD stage process proficiencies are significantly related to new product success, that the proficiency with which the commercialisation stage is performed is more important to new product success than the proficiency with which other stages are performed, and that NPD resource allocation moderates the NPD process proficiency–new product success relationship. Study implications for managers and scholars are offered.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"23 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78522532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-13DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048473
Kalevi Kyläheiko, A. Jantunen, K. Puumalainen, P. Luukka
In this article we will analyze a knowledge–based model of the firm that makes it possible to analyze how the firms can build up their technology strategies to capture profits from innovation race. The importance of different knowledge–based determinants will be analyzed in the context of pharmaceutical industry. We will look at the relevance of different value creating and value protecting determinants of firms and show how different technology strategies (offensive and defensive) affect the net value derived from knowledge assets in different competitive settings. The dynamics behind different strategies will be analyzed using stochastic simulation models.
{"title":"Technology strategies for innovation race: a simulation model for pharmaceutics","authors":"Kalevi Kyläheiko, A. Jantunen, K. Puumalainen, P. Luukka","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048473","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we will analyze a knowledge–based model of the firm that makes it possible to analyze how the firms can build up their technology strategies to capture profits from innovation race. The importance of different knowledge–based determinants will be analyzed in the context of pharmaceutical industry. We will look at the relevance of different value creating and value protecting determinants of firms and show how different technology strategies (offensive and defensive) affect the net value derived from knowledge assets in different competitive settings. The dynamics behind different strategies will be analyzed using stochastic simulation models.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"15 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85493748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-13DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048475
R. Phaal, C. Kerr, D. Oughton, D. Probert
Many strategic technology management methods and tools have been proposed and deployed by academics and practitioners. Each approach, with its advantages and disadvantages, provides a particular perspective for supporting understanding, analysis, decision and action. Many approaches overlap in function, the interfaces with other methods are not clear, and many variants of tools are often available with little guidance provided for their application. As a step towards the construction of a flexible toolkit for supporting strategic technology management, this paper sets out a workshop–based approach that comprises functional modules that can be combined to address a range of management challenges.
{"title":"Towards a modular toolkit for strategic technology management","authors":"R. Phaal, C. Kerr, D. Oughton, D. Probert","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048475","url":null,"abstract":"Many strategic technology management methods and tools have been proposed and deployed by academics and practitioners. Each approach, with its advantages and disadvantages, provides a particular perspective for supporting understanding, analysis, decision and action. Many approaches overlap in function, the interfaces with other methods are not clear, and many variants of tools are often available with little guidance provided for their application. As a step towards the construction of a flexible toolkit for supporting strategic technology management, this paper sets out a workshop–based approach that comprises functional modules that can be combined to address a range of management challenges.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"25 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74435807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-13DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048476
L. Pellegrini, V. Lazzarotti, Emanuele Pizzurno
This paper describes the experience of Eni, from the awareness of its weakness against external actors (mainly service companies) to the definition of a structured approach to partnership, i.e., Open Innovation (OI), to overcome such weakness. Implementing OI is complex, and the Majors' position is not easy to change. In particular, the strong appeal to outsourcing geophysics, drilling, onshore and offshore operations and well activities by Eni Exploration and Production (E&P) division led to a technological trajectory that proved to be difficult to correct in the short term. Indeed, E&P innovation is in the hands of services companies, thereby compromising Eni's ability to innovate.
{"title":"From outsourcing to Open Innovation: a case study in the oil industry","authors":"L. Pellegrini, V. Lazzarotti, Emanuele Pizzurno","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048476","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the experience of Eni, from the awareness of its weakness against external actors (mainly service companies) to the definition of a structured approach to partnership, i.e., Open Innovation (OI), to overcome such weakness. Implementing OI is complex, and the Majors' position is not easy to change. In particular, the strong appeal to outsourcing geophysics, drilling, onshore and offshore operations and well activities by Eni Exploration and Production (E&P) division led to a technological trajectory that proved to be difficult to correct in the short term. Indeed, E&P innovation is in the hands of services companies, thereby compromising Eni's ability to innovate.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"4 1","pages":"182-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91240477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-13DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048477
David T. Rosell, Nicolette Lakemond
It is widely acknowledged that suppliers contribute positively to innovation in New Product Development (NPD). However, it remains rather unclear what suppliers actually contribute to innovation. B ...
{"title":"Collaborative innovation with suppliers: a conceptual model for characterising supplier contributions to NPD","authors":"David T. Rosell, Nicolette Lakemond","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2012.048477","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely acknowledged that suppliers contribute positively to innovation in New Product Development (NPD). However, it remains rather unclear what suppliers actually contribute to innovation. B ...","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"152 1","pages":"197-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74771286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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