Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060759
Wen-Cheng Lu
This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis to evaluate R&D efficiency and investigate factor substitutability for the translog knowledge production function. We find that most substitution elasticities are positive and support substitute relationships between the four R&D inputs. Ownership structure plays an important role in R&D activity and efficiency. Our findings suggest that higher foreign and manager shareholding will promote R&D efficiency. The little protection hypothesis and unproductive R&D hypothesis are supported by means of negative relationships for return on equity (ROE)–R&D efficiency and cash flow (CF)–R&D efficiency. R&D experience and past R&D quality appears to improve R&D efficiency. Finally, small firms have higher R&D efficiency.
{"title":"Factor complements and substitution for the translog knowledge production function considering ownership structure and firm financial condition","authors":"Wen-Cheng Lu","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060759","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis to evaluate R&D efficiency and investigate factor substitutability for the translog knowledge production function. We find that most substitution elasticities are positive and support substitute relationships between the four R&D inputs. Ownership structure plays an important role in R&D activity and efficiency. Our findings suggest that higher foreign and manager shareholding will promote R&D efficiency. The little protection hypothesis and unproductive R&D hypothesis are supported by means of negative relationships for return on equity (ROE)–R&D efficiency and cash flow (CF)–R&D efficiency. R&D experience and past R&D quality appears to improve R&D efficiency. Finally, small firms have higher R&D efficiency.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"1 1","pages":"308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79877809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060757
O. Hilmola
There exist very limited amount of research conducted from the relationship between stock markets and Kondratieff economic long–waves. In this research, we examine this relation with longitudinal data, not using decades, but rather century long series. Initial analysis shows significantly better returns on using K–waves in investment decisions in asset classes such as equities, oil and gold. Our research is unique in a sense that it argues stock markets to have cycles, and in turn suggesting that there exist periods when investors should be active within these (correspondingly industries being active in trendy sectors), but on the other hand, avoid them in economic long–wave downswings. Gold and oil are proposed to offer safety and yield in K–wave downturns. This has potential implications on industrial sector renewal, and it is proposed that world population driven industries will do well in the forthcoming decades.
{"title":"K–waves, asset performance and industrial sector favourability","authors":"O. Hilmola","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060757","url":null,"abstract":"There exist very limited amount of research conducted from the relationship between stock markets and Kondratieff economic long–waves. In this research, we examine this relation with longitudinal data, not using decades, but rather century long series. Initial analysis shows significantly better returns on using K–waves in investment decisions in asset classes such as equities, oil and gold. Our research is unique in a sense that it argues stock markets to have cycles, and in turn suggesting that there exist periods when investors should be active within these (correspondingly industries being active in trendy sectors), but on the other hand, avoid them in economic long–wave downswings. Gold and oil are proposed to offer safety and yield in K–wave downturns. This has potential implications on industrial sector renewal, and it is proposed that world population driven industries will do well in the forthcoming decades.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"76 1","pages":"271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83840167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059653
Feng Zhang, Guohua Jiang
While previous literature focused on firm–level new product introduction rate that is brought by firm–level non–localised search, this measure may not be able to reflect the effects of non–localised search on multinational corporations (MNCs) because of their geographically dispersed organisational structure. We argue that for large MNCs the pattern of intra–firm knowledge flows would offer further insight into the effects of geographically dispersed non–localised search on the MNC as a whole. By differentiating intra–firm knowledge outflows from a subsidiary to the headquarters (namely vertical outflows) and those to peer subsidiaries (namely horizontal outflows), we are able to show one mechanism, through which the MNC with its spatial organisational structure could enjoy the benefits of non–localised search at a subsidiary–level. This study bridges organisational learning literature and MNC literature, and the findings have implications on knowledge management strategies of the MNC.
{"title":"Subsidiary non-localised search and MNC performance: the role of subsidiary intra-firm knowledge outflows","authors":"Feng Zhang, Guohua Jiang","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059653","url":null,"abstract":"While previous literature focused on firm–level new product introduction rate that is brought by firm–level non–localised search, this measure may not be able to reflect the effects of non–localised search on multinational corporations (MNCs) because of their geographically dispersed organisational structure. We argue that for large MNCs the pattern of intra–firm knowledge flows would offer further insight into the effects of geographically dispersed non–localised search on the MNC as a whole. By differentiating intra–firm knowledge outflows from a subsidiary to the headquarters (namely vertical outflows) and those to peer subsidiaries (namely horizontal outflows), we are able to show one mechanism, through which the MNC with its spatial organisational structure could enjoy the benefits of non–localised search at a subsidiary–level. This study bridges organisational learning literature and MNC literature, and the findings have implications on knowledge management strategies of the MNC.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"10 1","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75574443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059656
Alžběta Kubíčková, M. Dohnal, Karel Doubravský
The investments into start–up companies are often unique. The results are difficult to forecast. These investments are based on sparse and vague information, which is why statistical modelling methods are not applicable. Therefore, this paper applies qualitative modelling and qualitative decision tree to support investment decision–making into start–up companies. A team of experts was asked to describe start–up investment and 12 characteristics (variables) were chosen, e.g., profitability, market potential, etc. These variables were divided to two sets, variables that are under the management control - decision variables - and variables that are not under managerial control - lottery variables. The 12–dimensional models were developed; a common–sense analysis identifies 18 qualitative equationless relations and the model generated 20 scenarios. A subset of scenarios was transferred into a qualitative decision tree. The tree was evaluated to identify the best possible sequence of decisions using heuristics based on common–sense reasoning.
{"title":"Qualitative decision–making model of investment into start–up companies","authors":"Alžběta Kubíčková, M. Dohnal, Karel Doubravský","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059656","url":null,"abstract":"The investments into start–up companies are often unique. The results are difficult to forecast. These investments are based on sparse and vague information, which is why statistical modelling methods are not applicable. Therefore, this paper applies qualitative modelling and qualitative decision tree to support investment decision–making into start–up companies. A team of experts was asked to describe start–up investment and 12 characteristics (variables) were chosen, e.g., profitability, market potential, etc. These variables were divided to two sets, variables that are under the management control - decision variables - and variables that are not under managerial control - lottery variables. The 12–dimensional models were developed; a common–sense analysis identifies 18 qualitative equationless relations and the model generated 20 scenarios. A subset of scenarios was transferred into a qualitative decision tree. The tree was evaluated to identify the best possible sequence of decisions using heuristics based on common–sense reasoning.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"15 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90535453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060760
Lisa A. Melander, Henry Lopez‐Vega
This paper combines a literature review and a case study of supplier selection for new product development (NPD) collaboration to illustrate the impact of technological uncertainty and how firms co ...
{"title":"Impact of technological uncertainty in supplier selection for NPD collaborations: literature review and a case study","authors":"Lisa A. Melander, Henry Lopez‐Vega","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060760","url":null,"abstract":"This paper combines a literature review and a case study of supplier selection for new product development (NPD) collaboration to illustrate the impact of technological uncertainty and how firms co ...","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"13 1","pages":"323-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90150299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059665
Alexander Sänn, Jana Krimmling, Daniel Baier, M. Ni
Nowadays, the lead user method is a state of the art method used to generate breakthrough innovations for the new product development. Since the lead user method was successfully applied in generating simple products for business–to–business environments, the contribution of lead users in a complex product environment is highly controversial. This research adopts this to generate future complex IT–security solutions for business–to–business environments in the energy sector. The combined approach of lead user intelligence and voice of the customer techniques is expected to lower the risk of an unreliable product development and to fasten the lead user method. The empirical findings show an appropriate lead user method fitting small– and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) restricted resources and requirements of effective research and development processes in a high–technology environment. It further enables SMEs to specify and parameterise future products according to reliable and user verified data within development processes.
{"title":"Lead User Intelligence for Complex Product Development: the Case of Industrial IT-Security Solutions","authors":"Alexander Sänn, Jana Krimmling, Daniel Baier, M. Ni","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059665","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the lead user method is a state of the art method used to generate breakthrough innovations for the new product development. Since the lead user method was successfully applied in generating simple products for business–to–business environments, the contribution of lead users in a complex product environment is highly controversial. This research adopts this to generate future complex IT–security solutions for business–to–business environments in the energy sector. The combined approach of lead user intelligence and voice of the customer techniques is expected to lower the risk of an unreliable product development and to fasten the lead user method. The empirical findings show an appropriate lead user method fitting small– and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs) restricted resources and requirements of effective research and development processes in a high–technology environment. It further enables SMEs to specify and parameterise future products according to reliable and user verified data within development processes.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"186 1","pages":"232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80691718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060758
Kalevi Kyläheiko
When trying to explain the behaviour of innovating firms and their technology strategies it is necessary to be able to explain the phenomenon of technological change and underlying mechanisms that determine it. Therefore, one has to take a closer look at different explanations offered for technological change. This paper examines the logic of evolutionary explanation and compares it to intentional explanations used in neoclassical economics when coping with technological change and innovation activities of the firms in turbulent environments. The problems of standard intentional explanation will be stressed and an alternative evolutionary explanation will be offered for a starting point when explaining the behaviour of innovating firms and creating technology strategies for them.
{"title":"In defence of evolutionary explanation: coping with technological change","authors":"Kalevi Kyläheiko","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060758","url":null,"abstract":"When trying to explain the behaviour of innovating firms and their technology strategies it is necessary to be able to explain the phenomenon of technological change and underlying mechanisms that determine it. Therefore, one has to take a closer look at different explanations offered for technological change. This paper examines the logic of evolutionary explanation and compares it to intentional explanations used in neoclassical economics when coping with technological change and innovation activities of the firms in turbulent environments. The problems of standard intentional explanation will be stressed and an alternative evolutionary explanation will be offered for a starting point when explaining the behaviour of innovating firms and creating technology strategies for them.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"22 1","pages":"291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79989733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059654
Konstantinos Roungeris, G. I. Karolidis, G. Androulakis
During the last few years, the business Information Technology community and academia have attempted to approach the new paradigm of Cloud Computing. They have investigated the phenomenon in terms of ontology, origin, technical specifications and business value. While the research roadmap for Cloud Computing has not yet been coherently defined, the need to widely understand and study its business aspect is more prominent than before. As this new shift in computing continues to mature and grow, we take the opportunity to locate and analyse the different issues that arise from the perspective of the potential software–as–a–service (SaaS) and cloud business customer. In this paper, evidence from the industry's decision–makers in the Greek business IT community is examined, to identify and rank the motivational and inhibitory factors, as well as investigate the associated business issues in an attempt to correlate theory with practice.
{"title":"The business perspective of cloud computing adoption: evidence from Greece","authors":"Konstantinos Roungeris, G. I. Karolidis, G. Androulakis","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059654","url":null,"abstract":"During the last few years, the business Information Technology community and academia have attempted to approach the new paradigm of Cloud Computing. They have investigated the phenomenon in terms of ontology, origin, technical specifications and business value. While the research roadmap for Cloud Computing has not yet been coherently defined, the need to widely understand and study its business aspect is more prominent than before. As this new shift in computing continues to mature and grow, we take the opportunity to locate and analyse the different issues that arise from the perspective of the potential software–as–a–service (SaaS) and cloud business customer. In this paper, evidence from the industry's decision–makers in the Greek business IT community is examined, to identify and rank the motivational and inhibitory factors, as well as investigate the associated business issues in an attempt to correlate theory with practice.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"17 1","pages":"200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060756
Bastian Halecker, Matthias Hartmann
Systems thinking (ST) offers leaders in management a systematic way of thinking for increased understanding and more effective work. However, ST has been seldom used in the past in combination with either business models or business model innovation (BMI). Because business model research is still diverse, and the process of BMI is a challenging and complex management task, the application of ST in this field is promising. This paper aims to contribute to the cross–fertilisation between ST and business model. To do so, we have reviewed the literature on systems theory and business models and identified an ST approach. The application of this ST approach to BMI is illustrated in a simplified case study example. Through this paper, we aim to contribute to business model research by conceptualising BMI types and BMI directions as well as by reviewing model theory. Additionally, the system–oriented framework provides a clear holistic agenda for practitioners to innovate business models.
{"title":"Contribution of systems thinking to business model research and business model innovation","authors":"Bastian Halecker, Matthias Hartmann","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.060756","url":null,"abstract":"Systems thinking (ST) offers leaders in management a systematic way of thinking for increased understanding and more effective work. However, ST has been seldom used in the past in combination with either business models or business model innovation (BMI). Because business model research is still diverse, and the process of BMI is a challenging and complex management task, the application of ST in this field is promising. This paper aims to contribute to the cross–fertilisation between ST and business model. To do so, we have reviewed the literature on systems theory and business models and identified an ST approach. The application of this ST approach to BMI is illustrated in a simplified case study example. Through this paper, we aim to contribute to business model research by conceptualising BMI types and BMI directions as well as by reviewing model theory. Additionally, the system–oriented framework provides a clear holistic agenda for practitioners to innovate business models.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"79 1","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82585411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059655
Kalevi Kyläheiko, P. Luukka, A. Jantunen
This paper analyses the profitability of research networks in the pharmaceutical industry where R&D–based activities are of great importance for the companies following the offensive research strategy, i.e., generating original drugs. There are also companies who follow the defensive strategy, i.e., develop generic drugs. We focus on the issue how knowledge–related capabilities can be utilised when trying to profit from innovations. The larger the knowledge pool to be used by the companies, the higher is the probability to profit from new innovation. This is one of the greatest motivations to establish strategic research networks. However, the more innovative the offensive companies are the more opportunities there are also for defensive companies. We tackle this innovation race by a simulation model that scrutinises the profitability of research networks in the three company world where tacitness, legal appropriability means, and absorptive capacities are used as means of technology strategies.
{"title":"On the profitability of strategic research networks: a simulation model for pharmaceuticals","authors":"Kalevi Kyläheiko, P. Luukka, A. Jantunen","doi":"10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTIP.2013.059655","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the profitability of research networks in the pharmaceutical industry where R&D–based activities are of great importance for the companies following the offensive research strategy, i.e., generating original drugs. There are also companies who follow the defensive strategy, i.e., develop generic drugs. We focus on the issue how knowledge–related capabilities can be utilised when trying to profit from innovations. The larger the knowledge pool to be used by the companies, the higher is the probability to profit from new innovation. This is one of the greatest motivations to establish strategic research networks. However, the more innovative the offensive companies are the more opportunities there are also for defensive companies. We tackle this innovation race by a simulation model that scrutinises the profitability of research networks in the three company world where tacitness, legal appropriability means, and absorptive capacities are used as means of technology strategies.","PeriodicalId":52540,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Technology Intelligence and Planning","volume":"52 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84258704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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