Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH673
P. P. A. Haleem
Widespread availability and affordability of devices and easy accessibility of internet has accelerated the pace of ubiquitous computing. Connectivity to the internet has resulted in an exponential growth in terms of content and traffic available on the internet. When the barriers such as type of devices, location, time, and format have become meaningless in the era of ubiquitous computing; the issue of energy consumption and resultant carbon emission is a matter of concern. Energy consumption is an issue in ubiquitous computing, as the majority of the devices involved will be mobile devices that depend on the limited power offered by the battery inside the device. Carbon emission is a concern due to the combined impact made by the devices hooked over to the internet. This chapter discusses the issues related to energy consumption for various activities when the services offered by the internet are availed. The chapter also discusses the challenges to be overcome to achieve conservation of energy consumed by the internet and devices.
{"title":"Energy Conservation in the Era of Ubiquitous Computing","authors":"P. P. A. Haleem","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH673","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread availability and affordability of devices and easy accessibility of internet has accelerated the pace of ubiquitous computing. Connectivity to the internet has resulted in an exponential growth in terms of content and traffic available on the internet. When the barriers such as type of devices, location, time, and format have become meaningless in the era of ubiquitous computing; the issue of energy consumption and resultant carbon emission is a matter of concern. Energy consumption is an issue in ubiquitous computing, as the majority of the devices involved will be mobile devices that depend on the limited power offered by the battery inside the device. Carbon emission is a concern due to the combined impact made by the devices hooked over to the internet. This chapter discusses the issues related to energy consumption for various activities when the services offered by the internet are availed. The chapter also discusses the challenges to be overcome to achieve conservation of energy consumed by the internet and devices.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77931469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH674
Mario Vega-Barbas, Iván Pau, F. Seoane
Ubiquitous computing and pervasive technology represent enabling technologies which have conditioned the evolution of the current information society. These ICT are transforming society and particularly changing the interfacing methods between services and user as well as their expectations from services. Such changes are related to arising of new kind of pervasive and sensitive service such as new healthcare and wellbeing personalized services. In this chapter, these services are defined in a comprehensive manner. This sense, sensitive services refers to new IS services that manage data that is not only based on the physical disposition of the user in regards to the environment but also related to more personal aspects. On its part, pervasive services are those developed by using pervasive technology and therefore can be defined as a delocalized and persistent ICT service. These definitions will be supported by an analysis of the evolution of services of the information society both from a socio-economic and industrial focus.
{"title":"From General Services to Pervasive and Sensitive Services","authors":"Mario Vega-Barbas, Iván Pau, F. Seoane","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH674","url":null,"abstract":"Ubiquitous computing and pervasive technology represent enabling technologies which have conditioned the evolution of the current information society. These ICT are transforming society and particularly changing the interfacing methods between services and user as well as their expectations from services. Such changes are related to arising of new kind of pervasive and sensitive service such as new healthcare and wellbeing personalized services. In this chapter, these services are defined in a comprehensive manner. This sense, sensitive services refers to new IS services that manage data that is not only based on the physical disposition of the user in regards to the environment but also related to more personal aspects. On its part, pervasive services are those developed by using pervasive technology and therefore can be defined as a delocalized and persistent ICT service. These definitions will be supported by an analysis of the evolution of services of the information society both from a socio-economic and industrial focus.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79373403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.ch030
M. Voskoglou
A fuzzy number (FN) is a special kind of FS on the set R of real numbers. The four classical arithmetic operations can be defined on FNs, which play an important role in fuzzy mathematics analogous to the role played by the ordinary numbers in crisp mathematics. The simplest form of FNs is the triangular FNs (TFNs), while the trapezoidal FNs (TpFNs) are straightforward generalizations of the TFNs. In the chapter, a combination of the COG defuzzification technique and of the TFNs (or TpFNs) is used as an assessment tool. Examples of assessing student problem-solving abilities and basketball player skills are also presented illustrating in practice the results obtained. This new fuzzy assessment method is validated by comparing its outcomes in the above examples with the corresponding outcomes of two commonly used assessment methods of the traditional logic, the calculation of the mean values, and of the grade point average (GPA) index. Finally, the perspectives of future research on the subject are discussed.
{"title":"Application of Fuzzy Numbers to Assessment Processes","authors":"M. Voskoglou","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.ch030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.ch030","url":null,"abstract":"A fuzzy number (FN) is a special kind of FS on the set R of real numbers. The four classical arithmetic operations can be defined on FNs, which play an important role in fuzzy mathematics analogous to the role played by the ordinary numbers in crisp mathematics. The simplest form of FNs is the triangular FNs (TFNs), while the trapezoidal FNs (TpFNs) are straightforward generalizations of the TFNs. In the chapter, a combination of the COG defuzzification technique and of the TFNs (or TpFNs) is used as an assessment tool. Examples of assessing student problem-solving abilities and basketball player skills are also presented illustrating in practice the results obtained. This new fuzzy assessment method is validated by comparing its outcomes in the above examples with the corresponding outcomes of two commonly used assessment methods of the traditional logic, the calculation of the mean values, and of the grade point average (GPA) index. Finally, the perspectives of future research on the subject are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79510760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH414
Artie Ng, B. Cheung, P. Ng
Science and technology institutions are established by governments to promote advancement of science and technology in support of their social economic developments. The purpose of this study is to deliberate a framework for monitoring and assessment of technology ventures exploiting disruptive technologies from the standpoint of a science and technology institution. This framework, harnessing both internal resources and externalities, aims to enhance the role of institutional stakeholders in governing and nurturing technology ventures. This approach stresses the dynamics between resource management and the external landscapes as critical considerations in performance measurement and management of technology ventures. Such dynamic interaction between a science and technology institution and a cluster of technology ventures under its supervision is expected to evolve over time with frequent reassessments of its technology foresight.
{"title":"Performance Measurement of Technology Ventures by Science and Technology Institutions","authors":"Artie Ng, B. Cheung, P. Ng","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH414","url":null,"abstract":"Science and technology institutions are established by governments to promote advancement of science and technology in support of their social economic developments. The purpose of this study is to deliberate a framework for monitoring and assessment of technology ventures exploiting disruptive technologies from the standpoint of a science and technology institution. This framework, harnessing both internal resources and externalities, aims to enhance the role of institutional stakeholders in governing and nurturing technology ventures. This approach stresses the dynamics between resource management and the external landscapes as critical considerations in performance measurement and management of technology ventures. Such dynamic interaction between a science and technology institution and a cluster of technology ventures under its supervision is expected to evolve over time with frequent reassessments of its technology foresight.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"7 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78488393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH577
J. Rodriguez, Alejandro Zunino, Antonela Tommasel, C. Mateos
Nowadays, mobile devices are ubiquitous in modern life as they allow users to perform virtually any task, from checking e-mails to playing video games. However, many of these operations are conditioned by the state of mobile devices. Therefore, knowing the current state of mobile devices and predicting their future states is a crucial issue in different domains, such as context-aware applications or ad-hoc networking. Several authors have proposed to use different machine learning methods for predicting some aspect of mobile devices' future states. This chapter aims at predicting mobile devices' battery charge, whether it is plugged to A/C, and screen and WiFi state. To fulfil this goal, the current state of a mobile device can be regarded as the consequence of the previous sequence of states, meaning that future states can be predicted by known previous ones. This chapter focuses on using recurrent neural networks for predicting future states.
{"title":"Recurrent Neural Networks for Predicting Mobile Device State","authors":"J. Rodriguez, Alejandro Zunino, Antonela Tommasel, C. Mateos","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH577","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, mobile devices are ubiquitous in modern life as they allow users to perform virtually any task, from checking e-mails to playing video games. However, many of these operations are conditioned by the state of mobile devices. Therefore, knowing the current state of mobile devices and predicting their future states is a crucial issue in different domains, such as context-aware applications or ad-hoc networking. Several authors have proposed to use different machine learning methods for predicting some aspect of mobile devices' future states. This chapter aims at predicting mobile devices' battery charge, whether it is plugged to A/C, and screen and WiFi state. To fulfil this goal, the current state of a mobile device can be regarded as the consequence of the previous sequence of states, meaning that future states can be predicted by known previous ones. This chapter focuses on using recurrent neural networks for predicting future states.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"1051 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77644624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH416
Felipe Boff, Fabiana Lorenzi
This chapter shows an approach for developing a method that uses case-based reasoning (CBR) for calculating trust levels in agents' collaboration. The proposed development foresees all interactions between agents are considered in the updating process of general trust level. These collaborations are also stored in a CBR database. Each new interaction calculates a situational trust level based on similar cases. This trust level will be weighed against the global trust level, creating an indicator based on the requested collaboration without excluding the collaboration history.
{"title":"A Trust Case-Based Model Applied to Agents Collaboration","authors":"Felipe Boff, Fabiana Lorenzi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH416","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows an approach for developing a method that uses case-based reasoning (CBR) for calculating trust levels in agents' collaboration. The proposed development foresees all interactions between agents are considered in the updating process of general trust level. These collaborations are also stored in a CBR database. Each new interaction calculates a situational trust level based on similar cases. This trust level will be weighed against the global trust level, creating an indicator based on the requested collaboration without excluding the collaboration history.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79072885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH397
A. Esfahanipour, A. Montazemi
This chapter provides a review of the recent applications and trends on cognitive mapping techniques in support of the design and development of intelligent information systems. Cognitive maps are inference networks, using cyclic directed graphs for knowledge representation and reasoning. Cognitive mapping techniques are widely used to analyze causal systems such as industrial marketing planning, risk management, and product planning. Four knowledge management categories are adopted in this chapter to portray different applications of cognitive mapping techniques in the design and development of intelligent information systems. These four categories are knowledge creation, knowledge storage/retrieval, knowledge transfer, and knowledge application.
{"title":"Cognitive Mapping in Support of Intelligent Information Systems","authors":"A. Esfahanipour, A. Montazemi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH397","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a review of the recent applications and trends on cognitive mapping techniques in support of the design and development of intelligent information systems. Cognitive maps are inference networks, using cyclic directed graphs for knowledge representation and reasoning. Cognitive mapping techniques are widely used to analyze causal systems such as industrial marketing planning, risk management, and product planning. Four knowledge management categories are adopted in this chapter to portray different applications of cognitive mapping techniques in the design and development of intelligent information systems. These four categories are knowledge creation, knowledge storage/retrieval, knowledge transfer, and knowledge application.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88456164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH418
Ye-Sho Chen
Franchising involves grating and receiving business rights. In addition to the popular growth strategy for many businesses, franchising has emerged over the years as a pathway to wealth creation for entrepreneurs. In this chapter, the authors first discuss the information science of franchising, including franchisor/franchisee relationship and the essential indicators needed to pertain and flourish the good relationship and the inevitability of collaborative learning and innovation, which leads to the discussion of the working knowledge development among the franchisor and the fellow franchisees. Second, the authors discuss an attention-based IT infrastructure that will enable the knowledge sharing and dissemination between the franchisor and the franchisee.
{"title":"Utilizing Information Science and Technology in Franchise Organizations","authors":"Ye-Sho Chen","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH418","url":null,"abstract":"Franchising involves grating and receiving business rights. In addition to the popular growth strategy for many businesses, franchising has emerged over the years as a pathway to wealth creation for entrepreneurs. In this chapter, the authors first discuss the information science of franchising, including franchisor/franchisee relationship and the essential indicators needed to pertain and flourish the good relationship and the inevitability of collaborative learning and innovation, which leads to the discussion of the working knowledge development among the franchisor and the fellow franchisees. Second, the authors discuss an attention-based IT infrastructure that will enable the knowledge sharing and dissemination between the franchisor and the franchisee.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88341430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH363
L. Baeva
This chapter is devoted to the study of a new information-age phenomenon: the electronic culture. The author introduces the philosophical analysis of electronic culture, its definition, characteristic features, and functions within the society. The purpose of the chapter is justification theory electronic culture as a special “third nature” generated by human creativity and information technology. The chapter described existential aspects of the formation of e-culture. E-culture gives human beings new ways to solve existential problems (death, desolation, not liberty, relations with strange ones, and ethical choice), forming in this regard new dependences and risks for person. First of all, internet-dependence refers to such risks. It enhances “existential vacuum,” axiological disorientation in real sphere; deformation of interpersonal communication essence with the virtualization of its sensual and emotional aspects; appearance of new freedom forms of personality ethical choice, generated by virtual interaction.
{"title":"Existential Aspects of the Development E-Culture","authors":"L. Baeva","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.CH363","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is devoted to the study of a new information-age phenomenon: the electronic culture. The author introduces the philosophical analysis of electronic culture, its definition, characteristic features, and functions within the society. The purpose of the chapter is justification theory electronic culture as a special “third nature” generated by human creativity and information technology. The chapter described existential aspects of the formation of e-culture. E-culture gives human beings new ways to solve existential problems (death, desolation, not liberty, relations with strange ones, and ethical choice), forming in this regard new dependences and risks for person. First of all, internet-dependence refers to such risks. It enhances “existential vacuum,” axiological disorientation in real sphere; deformation of interpersonal communication essence with the virtualization of its sensual and emotional aspects; appearance of new freedom forms of personality ethical choice, generated by virtual interaction.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81193956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.CH086
Kijpokin Kasemsap
This chapter determines the overview of the internet of things (IoT) and the multifaceted applications of the IoT. The IoT is made up of hardware and software technologies. The IoT describes a world in which everyday objects are connected to a network so that data can be shared. The IoT refers to the networking of physical objects through the use of embedded sensors, actuators, and other devices that can collect and transmit information about the objects. The data amassed from these devices can be analyzed to optimize products, services, and operations. For the IoT to flourish, interoperability must apply across all parts of the system, including the transmission networks and the data being transmitted. The IoT enables the multifaceted applications ranging from the micro to the macro, and from the trivial to the critical perspectives.
{"title":"Multifaceted Applications of the Internet of Things","authors":"Kijpokin Kasemsap","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.CH086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.CH086","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter determines the overview of the internet of things (IoT) and the multifaceted applications of the IoT. The IoT is made up of hardware and software technologies. The IoT describes a world in which everyday objects are connected to a network so that data can be shared. The IoT refers to the networking of physical objects through the use of embedded sensors, actuators, and other devices that can collect and transmit information about the objects. The data amassed from these devices can be analyzed to optimize products, services, and operations. For the IoT to flourish, interoperability must apply across all parts of the system, including the transmission networks and the data being transmitted. The IoT enables the multifaceted applications ranging from the micro to the macro, and from the trivial to the critical perspectives.","PeriodicalId":52560,"journal":{"name":"Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82435399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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