S. Sinha, Nikhil Raj, Shipra Dobhal, Anupam Das, J. Agarwal
Background: Achromobacter spp. is a rare nosocomial pathogen known to cause many serious infections like bloodstream infection, osteomyelitis, meningitis, urinary tract infections, corneal ulceration, peritonitis, and endocarditis. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed all the bacteriological sample records from the bacteriology database from January 2021 to December 2021 to determine the prevalence of Achromobacter spp. Result: Nine patients with Achromobacter xylosoxidans causing bacterial infection were identified, from whom five blood samples, two pus, one respiratory sample, one central venous pressure (CVP), and one cerebrospinal fluid were found positive for Achromobacter spp., among whom one was a 6-year-old patient having the same organism from two different body sites—CVP line and cerebrospinal fluid. Five patients had coinfection with another organism, whereas acute kidney injury was the most common comorbidity. Conclusion: In our single-center experience, approximately 50% of the cases with Achromobacter denitrificans bacteremia suffered from chronic kidney disease and had a history of antibiotic therapy, hospitalization, and the presence of devices. Active research on rising trends of Achromobacter spp. needs to be promoted.
{"title":"Achromobacter Spp.: A retrospective review of rare and emerging pathogen","authors":"S. Sinha, Nikhil Raj, Shipra Dobhal, Anupam Das, J. Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_41_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_41_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Achromobacter spp. is a rare nosocomial pathogen known to cause many serious infections like bloodstream infection, osteomyelitis, meningitis, urinary tract infections, corneal ulceration, peritonitis, and endocarditis. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed all the bacteriological sample records from the bacteriology database from January 2021 to December 2021 to determine the prevalence of Achromobacter spp. Result: Nine patients with Achromobacter xylosoxidans causing bacterial infection were identified, from whom five blood samples, two pus, one respiratory sample, one central venous pressure (CVP), and one cerebrospinal fluid were found positive for Achromobacter spp., among whom one was a 6-year-old patient having the same organism from two different body sites—CVP line and cerebrospinal fluid. Five patients had coinfection with another organism, whereas acute kidney injury was the most common comorbidity. Conclusion: In our single-center experience, approximately 50% of the cases with Achromobacter denitrificans bacteremia suffered from chronic kidney disease and had a history of antibiotic therapy, hospitalization, and the presence of devices. Active research on rising trends of Achromobacter spp. needs to be promoted.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"106 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44575814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mohammed, A. Deshmukh, Tanya Kochhar, Alekhya Patlola
Parvovirus B19 infection, or fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, is a self-limiting viral exanthem and can occur along with other connective tissue disorders. Occasionally, children may have preceding chronic joint complaints suggestive of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A 7-year-old female patient presented to the outpatient department with a rash over her face, upper and lower limbs, and trunk, which was preceded by fever. The patient is a known case of juvenile arthritis. On examination, there were multiple erythematous and skin-colored plaques over cheeks; few pustules over lips; multiple erythematous papules over upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk; multiple erythematous macules over palms; and swelling over interphalangeal joints of bilateral hands, elbow and knee joints with genu valgum deformity of limbs. The patient was given topical antibiotic and steroid combination cream and oral antihistaminic for her cutaneous complaints.
{"title":"Parvovirus B19 infection in a patient of juvenile arthritis: A case report","authors":"T. Mohammed, A. Deshmukh, Tanya Kochhar, Alekhya Patlola","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_64_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_64_22","url":null,"abstract":"Parvovirus B19 infection, or fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, is a self-limiting viral exanthem and can occur along with other connective tissue disorders. Occasionally, children may have preceding chronic joint complaints suggestive of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A 7-year-old female patient presented to the outpatient department with a rash over her face, upper and lower limbs, and trunk, which was preceded by fever. The patient is a known case of juvenile arthritis. On examination, there were multiple erythematous and skin-colored plaques over cheeks; few pustules over lips; multiple erythematous papules over upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk; multiple erythematous macules over palms; and swelling over interphalangeal joints of bilateral hands, elbow and knee joints with genu valgum deformity of limbs. The patient was given topical antibiotic and steroid combination cream and oral antihistaminic for her cutaneous complaints.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"142 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43754934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quiet quitting and its relevance to the medical profession","authors":"Sushil Kumar","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48745108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_107_23
Arijit Karmakar
A data mining analysis was conducted on the National Center for Biotechnology Information database to identify the most extensively studied single-nucleotide variant within the MAO-A gene, which encodes monoamine oxidase A—an enzyme found in mitochondria involved in metabolizing neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neurochemicals play crucial roles in the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders. The analysis revealed that the single-nucleotide variant rs6323 has been the subject of significant research concerning its association with human neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral problems. A thorough literature review was performed, examining original research articles linked to PubMed to evaluate the connection between rs6323 and different neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral attributes. Multiple studies on diverse ethnic populations across various countries have reported a link between rs6323 and neuropsychiatric disorders and related behavioral characteristics. This review provides valuable insights into the association between rs6323 and neuropsychiatric disorders.
{"title":"Association of rs6323 with neuropsychiatric disorders: a mini-review","authors":"Arijit Karmakar","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_107_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_107_23","url":null,"abstract":"A data mining analysis was conducted on the National Center for Biotechnology Information database to identify the most extensively studied single-nucleotide variant within the MAO-A gene, which encodes monoamine oxidase A—an enzyme found in mitochondria involved in metabolizing neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neurochemicals play crucial roles in the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders. The analysis revealed that the single-nucleotide variant rs6323 has been the subject of significant research concerning its association with human neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral problems. A thorough literature review was performed, examining original research articles linked to PubMed to evaluate the connection between rs6323 and different neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral attributes. Multiple studies on diverse ethnic populations across various countries have reported a link between rs6323 and neuropsychiatric disorders and related behavioral characteristics. This review provides valuable insights into the association between rs6323 and neuropsychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: A well-rounded and nutritionally balanced diet forms a foundational pillar of a healthy lifestyle, underscoring the pivotal role of sound nutrition. Studies have indicated a prevalence of malnutrition among student nurses, yet the underlying factors contributing to this prevalent issue remain to be fully elucidated. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the depth of knowledge concerning an appropriate diet among nursing students enrolled at Achievers University, situated in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: From August 2022 to September 2022, a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was conducted, employing a Purposive sampling technique to ascertain a representative sample size of 307 participants. A carefully crafted and validated questionnaire was used for data collection, and tables, percentages, and Chi-square analysis were all used in the analysis to assess the level of statistical significance. A P-value of less than 0.05 was designated as indicative of statistical significance. Results: The study’s findings indicated that a significant proportion of participants (96.4%) agreed regarding the beneficial effects of consuming more than three meals daily for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Additionally, all participants clearly understood the significance of maintaining a healthy diet. Notably, a considerable majority (89.6%) exhibited a commendable grasp of proper nutritional principles, while 3.6% demonstrated lower levels of understanding. Regarding participants’ weight status, the distribution was as follows: 50.8% were categorized as having an average weight, 36.2% fell into the overweight category, 10.1% were classified as obese, and 2.9% were underweight. The analysis of collected data yielded a noteworthy observation. Such as, it shows that there is no statistically significant correlation was found between the participants’ knowledge of sufficient nutrition and the practical implementation of this knowledge (χ2 = 11.550, P = 0.072). Conclusion: In this study, nursing students who took part deeply understood a balanced diet, but this did not translate into the practice of an adequate diet. As a result, it is necessary to use other methods to encourage student nurses to practice good nutrition.
背景:全面和营养均衡的饮食是健康生活方式的基础支柱，强调了健康营养的关键作用。研究表明，营养不良在学生护士中普遍存在，但导致这一普遍问题的潜在因素仍有待充分阐明。目的:本研究旨在评估在尼日利亚翁多州奥沃的成就大学就读的护理专业学生中关于适当饮食的知识深度。材料与方法:于2022年8月至2022年9月进行描述性横断面调查，采用有目的抽样技术，确定了307名参与者的代表性样本量。数据收集使用精心制作和验证的问卷，分析中使用表格、百分比和卡方分析来评估统计显著性水平。p值小于0.05为具有统计学意义。结果:研究结果表明，相当大比例的参与者(96.4%)同意每天吃三顿以上对保持健康的生活方式有益。此外，所有参与者都清楚地了解保持健康饮食的重要性。值得注意的是，相当多的人(89.6%)表现出对适当营养原则的掌握，而3.6%表现出较低的理解水平。关于参与者的体重状况，其分布如下:50.8%的人属于平均体重，36.2%的人属于超重，10.1%的人属于肥胖，2.9%的人属于体重不足。对收集到的数据的分析得出了一个值得注意的结论。如，表明参与者对充足营养知识的了解程度与实际实施这一知识之间没有统计学上的显著相关性(χ2 = 11.550, P = 0.072)。结论:在本研究中，参与研究的护生深刻理解均衡饮食，但这并没有转化为适当饮食的实践。因此，有必要采用其他方法来鼓励护生实践良好的营养。
{"title":"Knowledge of adequate diet among nursing students at Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria","authors":"Olaolorunpo Olorunfemi, Adedamola Ijadeyila, OmolayoOlolade Fadipe, NgoziRosemary Osunde, FlorenceOnyemaechi Oahimijie, JosephAdekunle Adebiyi, AdewolePeter Akindipe","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_119_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_119_23","url":null,"abstract":"Context: A well-rounded and nutritionally balanced diet forms a foundational pillar of a healthy lifestyle, underscoring the pivotal role of sound nutrition. Studies have indicated a prevalence of malnutrition among student nurses, yet the underlying factors contributing to this prevalent issue remain to be fully elucidated. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the depth of knowledge concerning an appropriate diet among nursing students enrolled at Achievers University, situated in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: From August 2022 to September 2022, a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was conducted, employing a Purposive sampling technique to ascertain a representative sample size of 307 participants. A carefully crafted and validated questionnaire was used for data collection, and tables, percentages, and Chi-square analysis were all used in the analysis to assess the level of statistical significance. A P-value of less than 0.05 was designated as indicative of statistical significance. Results: The study’s findings indicated that a significant proportion of participants (96.4%) agreed regarding the beneficial effects of consuming more than three meals daily for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Additionally, all participants clearly understood the significance of maintaining a healthy diet. Notably, a considerable majority (89.6%) exhibited a commendable grasp of proper nutritional principles, while 3.6% demonstrated lower levels of understanding. Regarding participants’ weight status, the distribution was as follows: 50.8% were categorized as having an average weight, 36.2% fell into the overweight category, 10.1% were classified as obese, and 2.9% were underweight. The analysis of collected data yielded a noteworthy observation. Such as, it shows that there is no statistically significant correlation was found between the participants’ knowledge of sufficient nutrition and the practical implementation of this knowledge (χ2 = 11.550, P = 0.072). Conclusion: In this study, nursing students who took part deeply understood a balanced diet, but this did not translate into the practice of an adequate diet. As a result, it is necessary to use other methods to encourage student nurses to practice good nutrition.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_165_22
Ibanlumlin Diengdoh, Arif Ali
Backgrounds: College years are characterized by transitioning from pre-adult to adulthood, a period of turmoil, adjusting to the new condition, separation from parental supervision, independence, and countering new things throughout everyday life. Depression and health-risk behaviors, including alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug, are often found in college students, particularly during their first year. Aim: To study the prevalence and predictors of depression among college-going youth of Meghalaya, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study has been undertaken to find the prevalence of depression, alcohol use, and drug use in college-going youth in Shillong, Meghalaya. A random sampling technique was used for the selection of colleges, and total enumeration was used for the selection of college-going students. A total of 358 respondents were selected for the present study. Permission from the college authority was obtained, and written informed consent was taken from the students. The participants have been explained the purpose of the study and the samples were selected voluntarily. The present study’s data were analyzed and interpreted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Socio-demographic datasheet, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and drug abuse screening test were administered. Results: In the present study, 40.5% fall under the normal range of depression, while 38.3% had mild mood disturbance, 10.3% had borderline clinical depression, 9.7% had moderate depression, and severe depression was found in 1.1%. Alcohol use, drug use, and gender contribute significantly to the prediction of depression among college-going students (F[5,19.551] = 855.3, P = 0.000) accounting for 21.7% variance. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for a college mental health program for early identification and screening of substance use and depression in college students.
{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of depression among college going youth of Meghalaya: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Ibanlumlin Diengdoh, Arif Ali","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_165_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_165_22","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: College years are characterized by transitioning from pre-adult to adulthood, a period of turmoil, adjusting to the new condition, separation from parental supervision, independence, and countering new things throughout everyday life. Depression and health-risk behaviors, including alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug, are often found in college students, particularly during their first year. Aim: To study the prevalence and predictors of depression among college-going youth of Meghalaya, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study has been undertaken to find the prevalence of depression, alcohol use, and drug use in college-going youth in Shillong, Meghalaya. A random sampling technique was used for the selection of colleges, and total enumeration was used for the selection of college-going students. A total of 358 respondents were selected for the present study. Permission from the college authority was obtained, and written informed consent was taken from the students. The participants have been explained the purpose of the study and the samples were selected voluntarily. The present study’s data were analyzed and interpreted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Socio-demographic datasheet, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and drug abuse screening test were administered. Results: In the present study, 40.5% fall under the normal range of depression, while 38.3% had mild mood disturbance, 10.3% had borderline clinical depression, 9.7% had moderate depression, and severe depression was found in 1.1%. Alcohol use, drug use, and gender contribute significantly to the prediction of depression among college-going students (F[5,19.551] = 855.3, P = 0.000) accounting for 21.7% variance. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need for a college mental health program for early identification and screening of substance use and depression in college students.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"152 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46485548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_229_22
V. Bansod, Shubhangi Agawane, Sachin A Gawade, Harishchandra D Gore, Parvinder Chawla
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are essential to tear out the COVID-19 pandemic. COVAXIN and COVISHIELD were the first licensed vaccines in India for public use. For safety surveillance reporting, adverse events following immunization were an essential and integral part of the postlicensure phase for benefit-risk analysis of vaccines. Public trust in newly introduced vaccines will be strengthened by monitoring vaccine safety. So this study was planned to find out adverse events following COVISHIELD vaccination and the association of some factors with adverse events following COVISHIELD vaccination among vaccinees at vaccination centers of tertiary care hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among vaccinees at vaccination centers in tertiary care hospitals. Data was collected through Google forms containing a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 530 adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were reported by 146 (39.46%) participants, where one participant experienced more than one AEFI with the COVISHIELD vaccine. The most common reported AEFI were myalgia (104 [19.62%]), fever (104 [19.62%]), and fatigue/lethargy (104 [19.62%]), followed by pain at the injection site (80 [15.09%]). Participants who experienced AEFI with other vaccines and had a previous history of COVID-19 infection were found to be significant independent predictors of AEFI with the COVISHIELD vaccine. Conclusion: Most AEFIs were mild and lasted for a short duration, subsiding on symptomatic treatment. We found only the history of AFFI with other vaccines and previous infection with COVID-19 as significant predictors for the occurrence of AEFI with the COVISHIELD vaccine.
{"title":"Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study","authors":"V. Bansod, Shubhangi Agawane, Sachin A Gawade, Harishchandra D Gore, Parvinder Chawla","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_229_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_229_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are essential to tear out the COVID-19 pandemic. COVAXIN and COVISHIELD were the first licensed vaccines in India for public use. For safety surveillance reporting, adverse events following immunization were an essential and integral part of the postlicensure phase for benefit-risk analysis of vaccines. Public trust in newly introduced vaccines will be strengthened by monitoring vaccine safety. So this study was planned to find out adverse events following COVISHIELD vaccination and the association of some factors with adverse events following COVISHIELD vaccination among vaccinees at vaccination centers of tertiary care hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among vaccinees at vaccination centers in tertiary care hospitals. Data was collected through Google forms containing a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 530 adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were reported by 146 (39.46%) participants, where one participant experienced more than one AEFI with the COVISHIELD vaccine. The most common reported AEFI were myalgia (104 [19.62%]), fever (104 [19.62%]), and fatigue/lethargy (104 [19.62%]), followed by pain at the injection site (80 [15.09%]). Participants who experienced AEFI with other vaccines and had a previous history of COVID-19 infection were found to be significant independent predictors of AEFI with the COVISHIELD vaccine. Conclusion: Most AEFIs were mild and lasted for a short duration, subsiding on symptomatic treatment. We found only the history of AFFI with other vaccines and previous infection with COVID-19 as significant predictors for the occurrence of AEFI with the COVISHIELD vaccine.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"71 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43049394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manodeep Sen, Soni Sinha, Nikhil Raj, Harshita Yadav, Jyotsna Agarwal
Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid disease, is a global zoonotic infection resulting from the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms. This condition manifests as single or multiple cystic growths in various bodily organs such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, etc. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all sample records within the microbiology laboratory register or microbiology database of the parasitology section, spanning from January 2017 to December 2021. The objective was to ascertain the seroprevalence of echinococcosis. Through enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay, 200 samples were examined to detect the presence of anti-hydatid immunoglobulin G (IgG). Results: Among the individuals tested for CE IgG antibodies, a greater seroprevalence was evident in female patients (42.7%) compared to males (32.5%). In 2017, the observed seroprevalence stood at 36%; in 2021, it escalated to 55.5%. It signifies a noteworthy surge of 20% in seropositivity over the last 5 years. Conclusion: The study’s findings highlight a substantial correlation between age, gender, and the prevalence of CE in northern India. Furthermore, the research revealed a progressive incline in seropositivity rates among patients from North India.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Echinococcus IgG antibodies in a tertiary care center: a 5-year study and literature review","authors":"Manodeep Sen, Soni Sinha, Nikhil Raj, Harshita Yadav, Jyotsna Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_79_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_79_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid disease, is a global zoonotic infection resulting from the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms. This condition manifests as single or multiple cystic growths in various bodily organs such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, etc. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all sample records within the microbiology laboratory register or microbiology database of the parasitology section, spanning from January 2017 to December 2021. The objective was to ascertain the seroprevalence of echinococcosis. Through enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay, 200 samples were examined to detect the presence of anti-hydatid immunoglobulin G (IgG). Results: Among the individuals tested for CE IgG antibodies, a greater seroprevalence was evident in female patients (42.7%) compared to males (32.5%). In 2017, the observed seroprevalence stood at 36%; in 2021, it escalated to 55.5%. It signifies a noteworthy surge of 20% in seropositivity over the last 5 years. Conclusion: The study’s findings highlight a substantial correlation between age, gender, and the prevalence of CE in northern India. Furthermore, the research revealed a progressive incline in seropositivity rates among patients from North India.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Beta thalassemia is a condition in which the body cannot produce the beta subunit of hemoglobin due to harmful mutations in the globin gene that cause inadequate development of adult hemoglobin (HbA). In beta-thalassemic individuals, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), consisting of two and two subunits, is a potential replacement for HbA with significant therapeutic importance. HbF increase is a powerful and essential therapeutic tool to overcome the problem of beta-thalassemia. Materials and Methods: The GEO2R statistical tool and the GSE96060 dataset from the gene expression omnibus database were used to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes program was used to reveal connections between these DEGs in samples, followed by applying the molecular complex detection algorithm to identify clusters of genes within these interaction networks. Using ClueGo and CluePedia, the discovered DEGs were subjected to functional annotation, including gene ontology (GO) and enriched molecular pathway analysis. Results: We searched the top 200 DEGs that met the criteria for significance (P-value 0.05; fold two change >1 or 1). Myeloid cell differentiation, erythrocyte differentiation, cellular detoxification, and heme binding are only a few examples of the biological processes and molecular pathways the GO analysis of DEGs identified as having significant alterations. The link between the DEGs in heme biosynthesis and transcriptional dysregulation in cancer was discovered by studying enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. To find possible targets for beta thalassemia treatments, we looked for the genes Krüppel-like factors 1 (KLF1) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). By activating both beta-globin and HbF gamma-globin genes, KLF1 encourages HbF repression, which is regulated by changing myeloblastosis expression. Conclusion: This study shows that the genes KLF1 and MDM2 are related to dysregulated molecular pathways, contribute to the development of beta thalassemia, and may be exploited as a platform for the induction of fetal hemoglobin in the development of therapeutics.
{"title":"Molecular pathways and gene networks in fetal hemoglobin as a novel protein target for beta-thalassemia","authors":"Soumya Khare, Tanushree Chatterjee, Shailendra Gupta, Ashish Patel","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_44_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_44_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Beta thalassemia is a condition in which the body cannot produce the beta subunit of hemoglobin due to harmful mutations in the globin gene that cause inadequate development of adult hemoglobin (HbA). In beta-thalassemic individuals, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), consisting of two and two subunits, is a potential replacement for HbA with significant therapeutic importance. HbF increase is a powerful and essential therapeutic tool to overcome the problem of beta-thalassemia. Materials and Methods: The GEO2R statistical tool and the GSE96060 dataset from the gene expression omnibus database were used to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes program was used to reveal connections between these DEGs in samples, followed by applying the molecular complex detection algorithm to identify clusters of genes within these interaction networks. Using ClueGo and CluePedia, the discovered DEGs were subjected to functional annotation, including gene ontology (GO) and enriched molecular pathway analysis. Results: We searched the top 200 DEGs that met the criteria for significance (P-value 0.05; fold two change >1 or 1). Myeloid cell differentiation, erythrocyte differentiation, cellular detoxification, and heme binding are only a few examples of the biological processes and molecular pathways the GO analysis of DEGs identified as having significant alterations. The link between the DEGs in heme biosynthesis and transcriptional dysregulation in cancer was discovered by studying enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. To find possible targets for beta thalassemia treatments, we looked for the genes Krüppel-like factors 1 (KLF1) and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). By activating both beta-globin and HbF gamma-globin genes, KLF1 encourages HbF repression, which is regulated by changing myeloblastosis expression. Conclusion: This study shows that the genes KLF1 and MDM2 are related to dysregulated molecular pathways, contribute to the development of beta thalassemia, and may be exploited as a platform for the induction of fetal hemoglobin in the development of therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Breast abscesses commonly arise during lactation, with the conventional treatment method involving incision and drainage. Nevertheless, a promising, less invasive alternative for managing extensive and multilocular abscesses involves employing ultrasound-guided suction drainage and a fistulotomy probe. Aims and Objectives: This study evaluates and contrasts the results of two approaches in treating breast abscesses: ultrasound-guided suction drainage and the conventional incision and drainage method. The comparison will be centered around various parameters, such as procedural duration, patient-reported pain levels, breastfeeding capability, incidence of complications, overall hospitalization duration, and cosmetic results. Materials and Methods: In this research, we enrolled a total of 60 patients who had been diagnosed with breast abscesses. These patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 individuals. The control group underwent the conventional incision and drainage procedure under general anesthesia. In contrast, the study group received an innovative treatment method involving ultrasound-guided suction drainage using a fistulotomy probe to address the abscess’s compartments. This intervention was carried out under local anesthesia. The process involved the percutaneous insertion of an 18Fr suction catheter connected to the fistula probe. The catheter was carefully guided into the abscess cavity with the assistance of ultrasound imaging, following its longest axis. In multilocular abscesses, the catheter was threaded through all the compartments. Subsequently, the fistulotomy probe was detached from the drain within the abscess cavity to disrupt the compartments. Results: Using ultrasound-guided suction drainage showcased numerous benefits compared to the conventional method. It led to a shorter procedure duration, decreased patient discomfort, no interference with breastfeeding, accelerated healing, reduced hospitalization periods, enhanced cosmetic results, and a lower incidence of complications compared to the traditional approach. Conclusion: Using ultrasound-guided suction drainage for breast abscesses provides all the benefits associated with a minimally invasive strategy. Furthermore, using a fistulotomy probe demonstrates the equal effectiveness of this technique in addressing both large and multilocular abscesses compared to the traditional incision and drainage method.
{"title":"Incision and drainage and ultrasound-guided suction drainage for the management of breast abscess: A prospective randomized comparative study","authors":"Nikita Ranjan, Mukesh Soni, ManinderK Chhabra, Preety Deshpande, Akshay Nagwani","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_73_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_73_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast abscesses commonly arise during lactation, with the conventional treatment method involving incision and drainage. Nevertheless, a promising, less invasive alternative for managing extensive and multilocular abscesses involves employing ultrasound-guided suction drainage and a fistulotomy probe. Aims and Objectives: This study evaluates and contrasts the results of two approaches in treating breast abscesses: ultrasound-guided suction drainage and the conventional incision and drainage method. The comparison will be centered around various parameters, such as procedural duration, patient-reported pain levels, breastfeeding capability, incidence of complications, overall hospitalization duration, and cosmetic results. Materials and Methods: In this research, we enrolled a total of 60 patients who had been diagnosed with breast abscesses. These patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 individuals. The control group underwent the conventional incision and drainage procedure under general anesthesia. In contrast, the study group received an innovative treatment method involving ultrasound-guided suction drainage using a fistulotomy probe to address the abscess’s compartments. This intervention was carried out under local anesthesia. The process involved the percutaneous insertion of an 18Fr suction catheter connected to the fistula probe. The catheter was carefully guided into the abscess cavity with the assistance of ultrasound imaging, following its longest axis. In multilocular abscesses, the catheter was threaded through all the compartments. Subsequently, the fistulotomy probe was detached from the drain within the abscess cavity to disrupt the compartments. Results: Using ultrasound-guided suction drainage showcased numerous benefits compared to the conventional method. It led to a shorter procedure duration, decreased patient discomfort, no interference with breastfeeding, accelerated healing, reduced hospitalization periods, enhanced cosmetic results, and a lower incidence of complications compared to the traditional approach. Conclusion: Using ultrasound-guided suction drainage for breast abscesses provides all the benefits associated with a minimally invasive strategy. Furthermore, using a fistulotomy probe demonstrates the equal effectiveness of this technique in addressing both large and multilocular abscesses compared to the traditional incision and drainage method.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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