Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_212_22
S. Delna, C. Pradeep, I. Nirmal Sujitha, B. Lakshmi Dorai
Background: Stress is a personal experience brought on by complex interactions between a person and their environment, so it cannot be avoided. It typically happens when a person’s situational demand exceeds their available resources. Additionally, it has been noted that excessive stress can hurt self-esteem, academic performance, and both personal and professional development. This study sought to determine the stress level, different stressors, and coping mechanisms used by undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among first to final-year medical undergraduate students between January and June 2022 at a tertiary care institution in South India. 450 students enrolled in the first year to last year were included in the study through the purposeful sampling method. The medical Student Stressor Questionnaire was used to assess the stress levels among the study participants. The coping strategies were considered using a brief coping orientation to problems experienced (COPE) inventory. Cluster analysis used the K-means method. Results: A total of 278 out of the 450 students completed the questionnaire and returned it, yielding an overall response rate of61.78%. Of which 175 (62.95%) women respondents made up the majority of the study participants. The mean age of the participants was 20.15 ± 2.8 years. 45.32% (n = 126) of the study participants belonged to the first year of their study, whereas 23.02% (n = 64) belonged to the second year of their research. Academic stress was the primary stressor. The predominant coping strategies used were problem-focused and emotion-focused coping with stress. Conclusion: A variety of stress management techniques should be offered to help the students in better handling of the demanding professional course.
{"title":"Stress and strategies in coping stress among the medical students of a south Indian city","authors":"S. Delna, C. Pradeep, I. Nirmal Sujitha, B. Lakshmi Dorai","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_212_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_212_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stress is a personal experience brought on by complex interactions between a person and their environment, so it cannot be avoided. It typically happens when a person’s situational demand exceeds their available resources. Additionally, it has been noted that excessive stress can hurt self-esteem, academic performance, and both personal and professional development. This study sought to determine the stress level, different stressors, and coping mechanisms used by undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among first to final-year medical undergraduate students between January and June 2022 at a tertiary care institution in South India. 450 students enrolled in the first year to last year were included in the study through the purposeful sampling method. The medical Student Stressor Questionnaire was used to assess the stress levels among the study participants. The coping strategies were considered using a brief coping orientation to problems experienced (COPE) inventory. Cluster analysis used the K-means method. Results: A total of 278 out of the 450 students completed the questionnaire and returned it, yielding an overall response rate of61.78%. Of which 175 (62.95%) women respondents made up the majority of the study participants. The mean age of the participants was 20.15 ± 2.8 years. 45.32% (n = 126) of the study participants belonged to the first year of their study, whereas 23.02% (n = 64) belonged to the second year of their research. Academic stress was the primary stressor. The predominant coping strategies used were problem-focused and emotion-focused coping with stress. Conclusion: A variety of stress management techniques should be offered to help the students in better handling of the demanding professional course.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"18 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47371232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among undergraduate medical students of a tertiary care Indian setting","authors":"MRamya Sree, Himabindu Kolli, Bagavathiammal Periyasamy, Vijayakumar Praveen","doi":"10.4103/ajim.ajim_147_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajim.ajim_147_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_185_23
Bedanta Roy
BACKGROUND Beck et al.[1] discovered in December 2020 that VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome stems from an acquired Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) gene anomaly within hematopoietic progenitor cells. This adult-onset systemic autoinflammatory disorder arises due to somatic mutations, particularly in methionine-41 of exon 3 of the UBA1 gene. This gene encodes an enzyme crucial for ubiquitylation processes. The resulting mutation produces a truncated cytoplasmic isoform of the enzyme, which lacks catalytic activity. Consequently, ubiquitylation decreases, curbing the activation of innate immune pathways. This dysregulation contributes to heightened serum cytokine levels, triggering severe inflammatory responses. Recognizing VEXAS syndrome holds paramount importance for healthcare practitioners, as it provides a definitive diagnostic marker, facilitating the formulation of a targeted treatment approach. Notably, patients initially diagnosed with various inflammatory disorders, including relapsing polychondritis, were later found to harbor UBA1 mosaicism in their blood, underscoring the complexity of diagnosis.[2,3] CURRENT TREATMENT AND LIMITATIONS The treatment approach involves targeting both UBA1-mutated hematopoietic cell eradication and inflammation inhibition. The effectiveness of the current treatment strategy for VEXAS syndrome exhibits notable variability among individuals. This strategy encompasses the use of glucocorticoids, conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine, as well as interventions targeting interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. While utilizing glucocorticoids to manage VEXAS symptoms offers benefits in the initial control of the condition, the notable occurrence of dependency on steroids and subsequent flare-ups following dosage reduction highlights the necessity for alternative strategies.[4] Although the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra has demonstrated its therapeutic potential in stabilizing symptoms over 1-2 years, it is linked to severe dermatologic reactions at the injection sites.[1] Although the combination of cyclosporin A and anakinra effectively prevented paradoxical skin flares, it was accompanied by the notable drawback of inducing significant neutropenia as a side effect.[5] For individuals without severe hematologic abnormalities in VEXAS syndrome, a treatment strategy involving Tocilizumab alongside low-dosage glucocorticoids may be considered, given the elevated IL-6 levels observed in these patients.[1] A combined regimen of Tocilizumab and methotrexate has demonstrated advantages in suppressing IL-6.[6] Conversely, some patients who do not respond effectively[7] to this approach have reported tocilizumab-related neutropenia, infections by the herpes zoster virus, and significant gastrointestinal complications.[6] The JAK inhibitors are another opt
{"title":"Investigating treatment strategies for VEXAS syndrome: Deciphering the possibilities for therapeutic intervention","authors":"Bedanta Roy","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_185_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_185_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Beck et al.[1] discovered in December 2020 that VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome stems from an acquired Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) gene anomaly within hematopoietic progenitor cells. This adult-onset systemic autoinflammatory disorder arises due to somatic mutations, particularly in methionine-41 of exon 3 of the UBA1 gene. This gene encodes an enzyme crucial for ubiquitylation processes. The resulting mutation produces a truncated cytoplasmic isoform of the enzyme, which lacks catalytic activity. Consequently, ubiquitylation decreases, curbing the activation of innate immune pathways. This dysregulation contributes to heightened serum cytokine levels, triggering severe inflammatory responses. Recognizing VEXAS syndrome holds paramount importance for healthcare practitioners, as it provides a definitive diagnostic marker, facilitating the formulation of a targeted treatment approach. Notably, patients initially diagnosed with various inflammatory disorders, including relapsing polychondritis, were later found to harbor UBA1 mosaicism in their blood, underscoring the complexity of diagnosis.[2,3] CURRENT TREATMENT AND LIMITATIONS The treatment approach involves targeting both UBA1-mutated hematopoietic cell eradication and inflammation inhibition. The effectiveness of the current treatment strategy for VEXAS syndrome exhibits notable variability among individuals. This strategy encompasses the use of glucocorticoids, conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine, as well as interventions targeting interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. While utilizing glucocorticoids to manage VEXAS symptoms offers benefits in the initial control of the condition, the notable occurrence of dependency on steroids and subsequent flare-ups following dosage reduction highlights the necessity for alternative strategies.[4] Although the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra has demonstrated its therapeutic potential in stabilizing symptoms over 1-2 years, it is linked to severe dermatologic reactions at the injection sites.[1] Although the combination of cyclosporin A and anakinra effectively prevented paradoxical skin flares, it was accompanied by the notable drawback of inducing significant neutropenia as a side effect.[5] For individuals without severe hematologic abnormalities in VEXAS syndrome, a treatment strategy involving Tocilizumab alongside low-dosage glucocorticoids may be considered, given the elevated IL-6 levels observed in these patients.[1] A combined regimen of Tocilizumab and methotrexate has demonstrated advantages in suppressing IL-6.[6] Conversely, some patients who do not respond effectively[7] to this approach have reported tocilizumab-related neutropenia, infections by the herpes zoster virus, and significant gastrointestinal complications.[6] The JAK inhibitors are another opt","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136366354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This research aims to assess the effectiveness and practical value of ultrasound imaging (US group) in minimizing the discomfort and potential hazards associated with spinal anesthesia compared to traditional landmark-based (LM group) approaches. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized comparative investigation, 80 patients were enrolled to undergo spinal anesthesia using either the landmark-based or ultrasound-guided method, with an equal distribution of 40 patients in each respective group. The study recorded various parameters, including evaluation duration, count of needle insertion attempts, instances of redirection, duration of spinal anesthesia, overall procedure time (comprising assessment and administration of spinal anesthesia), and measurement of intrathecal space depth. Patient comfort was evaluated employing a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Demographic characteristics, including age, gender, and body mass index, exhibited no notable differences. The overall procedure time was approximately 2–3 min for the LM group and 3–4 min for the US group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). The initial successful needle insertion rate was considerably more critical in the US group (52.5%) than in the LM group (10%). The distance from the skin to the subarachnoid space was notably more remarkable in the US group, with a statistically significant distinction from the LM group (P = 0.034). The successful spinal needle placement rate was 77.5% in the US group, significantly surpassing the LM group’s rate of 25% (P < 0.05). Regarding patient comfort assessed using the VAS, the US group demonstrated significantly greater comfort levels than the LM group. In the US group, every patient reported a VAS score of <4, whereas only 27.5% achieved the same level of comfort in the LM group. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence supporting the utility of pre-procedural ultrasound evaluation of the subarachnoid space as an effective tool for achieving successful lumbar punctures in patients receiving spinal anesthesia. Compared to the traditional landmark technique, this approach reduces the number of attempts required while enhancing patient comfort.
{"title":"Efficacy of spinal anesthesia—ultrasound guided versus landmark-based, in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia: a prospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Krishnamurthy Priya, Sanjeev Kakaraddi, DeepakMukundarao Kavaraganahalli","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_191_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_191_23","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This research aims to assess the effectiveness and practical value of ultrasound imaging (US group) in minimizing the discomfort and potential hazards associated with spinal anesthesia compared to traditional landmark-based (LM group) approaches. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized comparative investigation, 80 patients were enrolled to undergo spinal anesthesia using either the landmark-based or ultrasound-guided method, with an equal distribution of 40 patients in each respective group. The study recorded various parameters, including evaluation duration, count of needle insertion attempts, instances of redirection, duration of spinal anesthesia, overall procedure time (comprising assessment and administration of spinal anesthesia), and measurement of intrathecal space depth. Patient comfort was evaluated employing a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Demographic characteristics, including age, gender, and body mass index, exhibited no notable differences. The overall procedure time was approximately 2–3 min for the LM group and 3–4 min for the US group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). The initial successful needle insertion rate was considerably more critical in the US group (52.5%) than in the LM group (10%). The distance from the skin to the subarachnoid space was notably more remarkable in the US group, with a statistically significant distinction from the LM group (P = 0.034). The successful spinal needle placement rate was 77.5% in the US group, significantly surpassing the LM group’s rate of 25% (P < 0.05). Regarding patient comfort assessed using the VAS, the US group demonstrated significantly greater comfort levels than the LM group. In the US group, every patient reported a VAS score of <4, whereas only 27.5% achieved the same level of comfort in the LM group. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence supporting the utility of pre-procedural ultrasound evaluation of the subarachnoid space as an effective tool for achieving successful lumbar punctures in patients receiving spinal anesthesia. Compared to the traditional landmark technique, this approach reduces the number of attempts required while enhancing patient comfort.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-19DOI: 10.21608/mid.2022.172710.1410
F. AL-Khikani
{"title":"Viruses and male infertility: Where are we now?","authors":"F. AL-Khikani","doi":"10.21608/mid.2022.172710.1410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mid.2022.172710.1410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"162 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43867273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_197_22
D. Dahiphale, Abhijeet Nagarpurkar, Harshul Sharma, Shivaji M Pole, P. Mishrikotkar
Introduction: Tuberculosis mostly affects the lungs, but may also affect the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones, joints, and skin. Extrapulmonary involvement in tuberculosis is rare, accounting for just 10 to 15% of cases. The lymph nodes are the second most common site of tuberculosis infection. Oral tuberculosis has long been thought to be an unusual phenomenon. Oral manifestations are thought to occur in just 0.05 to 5% of all tuberculosis cases. Surface ulcers, patches, papillomatous lesions, and indurated soft tissue lesions are the most common oral manifestations. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man presented to the Department of Ear, Nose, Throat at MGM Hospital in Aurangabad, India, with a painful ulcer and tiny nodules on the tongue’s tip and lateral surface. The ulcer appeared 3–4 weeks ago without any obvious trigger with a prickling feeling and increased soreness over the area., Onintraoral inspection multiple small nodules is measuring about 0.1 cm and multiple circular ulcer measuring about 0.2 x 0.1 cm in diameter at the tip and lateral border of the tongue. A granulomatous center and a whitish, well-defined border with mild elevation characterized the ulcer. Conclusion: Despite the rarity of tuberculosis evidence in the oral cavity, oral tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic oral lesions. To prevent ineffective oral therapy, accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful care by concentrating on the pathological source.
简介：肺结核主要影响肺部，但也可能影响中枢神经系统、淋巴系统、循环系统、泌尿生殖系统、骨骼、关节和皮肤。肺结核的肺外受累是罕见的，仅占病例的10%至15%。淋巴结是结核病感染的第二常见部位。长期以来，口腔结核一直被认为是一种不寻常的现象。口腔表现被认为只发生在所有肺结核病例的0.05%至5%。表面溃疡、斑块、乳头状瘤病变和硬结软组织病变是最常见的口腔表现。病例介绍：一名69岁的男子在印度奥兰加巴德米高梅医院耳鼻喉科就诊，他患有疼痛的溃疡，舌尖和侧面有小结节。溃疡出现在3-4周前，没有任何明显的诱因，有刺痛感，该区域疼痛加剧。，口腔内检查多个小结节的测量值约为0.1 cm和多发性圆形溃疡，尺寸约为0.2 x 0.1 在舌尖和舌侧缘处直径为厘米。溃疡的特征是肉芽肿性中心和白色、边界清晰、轻度隆起。结论：尽管口腔结核的证据很少，但口腔结核应纳入慢性口腔病变的鉴别诊断。为了防止无效的口腔治疗，准确的诊断对于专注于病理来源的成功护理至关重要。
{"title":"Tuberculosis of the tongue: A rare case","authors":"D. Dahiphale, Abhijeet Nagarpurkar, Harshul Sharma, Shivaji M Pole, P. Mishrikotkar","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_197_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_197_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis mostly affects the lungs, but may also affect the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones, joints, and skin. Extrapulmonary involvement in tuberculosis is rare, accounting for just 10 to 15% of cases. The lymph nodes are the second most common site of tuberculosis infection. Oral tuberculosis has long been thought to be an unusual phenomenon. Oral manifestations are thought to occur in just 0.05 to 5% of all tuberculosis cases. Surface ulcers, patches, papillomatous lesions, and indurated soft tissue lesions are the most common oral manifestations. Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man presented to the Department of Ear, Nose, Throat at MGM Hospital in Aurangabad, India, with a painful ulcer and tiny nodules on the tongue’s tip and lateral surface. The ulcer appeared 3–4 weeks ago without any obvious trigger with a prickling feeling and increased soreness over the area., Onintraoral inspection multiple small nodules is measuring about 0.1 cm and multiple circular ulcer measuring about 0.2 x 0.1 cm in diameter at the tip and lateral border of the tongue. A granulomatous center and a whitish, well-defined border with mild elevation characterized the ulcer. Conclusion: Despite the rarity of tuberculosis evidence in the oral cavity, oral tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic oral lesions. To prevent ineffective oral therapy, accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful care by concentrating on the pathological source.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"591 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48391498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_235_22
K. Nirmalkumar, V. Sivasankar
Objectives: This study examines the sanitation and hand-washing behavior of slum dwellers before coronavirus disease 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and during the COVID-19 period. The study also examines health-seeking behavior. Materials and Methods: Purposive sampling method was used to select the study area and household. Out of 49 registered slums in the Vellore municipality corporation, three slums were selected, which represent the highest number of slum households. The names of the urban slum settlement were Salavanpet, Old Town, and Makkan. After selecting the study areas, households were selected on snowball techniques through telephonic conversation with a structured interview schedule. The total samples were 75 households. The study period was from June 2021 to August 2021. Results: The study shows that Vellore has the 18th highest number of positive COVID-19 cases in Tamil Nadu. This study found that regular wage incomes in urban slum dwellers have been severely affected by COVID-19 lockdowns. The majority of households without a toilet in slums have used open defecation during COVID-19. Hand washing behaviors for people living in the urban slums have increased during the COVID-19 than the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. This study found that middle-aged (age 31–40 years) people’s habit of hand washing as a precautionary measure against coronavirus disease increased during COVID-19 compared with pre-COVID-19. Suggestion and Conclusion: The study suggests that improving hand-washing habits could aid in the prevention of the COVID-19 virus and other illnesses and suggests advancing hand washing habits after the pandemic as basic protective measures, which continues to remain essential in urban areas.
{"title":"Sanitation and hand washing behavior of urban slum dwellers in Vellore Corporation of Tamil Nadu, India: during coronavirus disease","authors":"K. Nirmalkumar, V. Sivasankar","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_235_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_235_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study examines the sanitation and hand-washing behavior of slum dwellers before coronavirus disease 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and during the COVID-19 period. The study also examines health-seeking behavior. Materials and Methods: Purposive sampling method was used to select the study area and household. Out of 49 registered slums in the Vellore municipality corporation, three slums were selected, which represent the highest number of slum households. The names of the urban slum settlement were Salavanpet, Old Town, and Makkan. After selecting the study areas, households were selected on snowball techniques through telephonic conversation with a structured interview schedule. The total samples were 75 households. The study period was from June 2021 to August 2021. Results: The study shows that Vellore has the 18th highest number of positive COVID-19 cases in Tamil Nadu. This study found that regular wage incomes in urban slum dwellers have been severely affected by COVID-19 lockdowns. The majority of households without a toilet in slums have used open defecation during COVID-19. Hand washing behaviors for people living in the urban slums have increased during the COVID-19 than the pre-COVID-19 pandemic. This study found that middle-aged (age 31–40 years) people’s habit of hand washing as a precautionary measure against coronavirus disease increased during COVID-19 compared with pre-COVID-19. Suggestion and Conclusion: The study suggests that improving hand-washing habits could aid in the prevention of the COVID-19 virus and other illnesses and suggests advancing hand washing habits after the pandemic as basic protective measures, which continues to remain essential in urban areas.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"553 - 559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47468286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_174_22
Vijayalaxmi Kanabur, A. Muragod
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a frequent degenerative disease of joints. The prevalence is approximately 28% among the Indian elderly. Recently complementary and alternative medicine therapies have been used in managing pain and disability. Dynamic cupping therapy is one of the forms used nowadays. Foam rolling and vibration therapy is also a popular intervention in musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and low back pain. Nowadays, these two have been combined for the development of vibrating foam rollers. Objectives: This research aimed to compare the result of dynamic cupping therapy to that of a vibrating foam roller on pain, range of motion, function, and quality of life in elderly with sub-acute and chronic KOA. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out on 45 subjects with subacute to chronic KOA who were given thrice a week sessions for 4 weeks’ intervention. Through the randomized method, subjects were divided into a conventional group, dynamic cupping group and vibrating foam roller group outcome measures Numeric Pain Rating Scale, knee range of motion, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and brief Older People′s Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-brief) were used. Results: Wilcoxon rank test revealed a pre-post difference in all three groups with significant P-values which were <0.05 and heterogeneously favored different outcome measures used. Kruskal–Wallis test revealed no difference between the groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that dynamic cupping therapy and vibration foam roller protocols used for the management of KOA are equally effective.
{"title":"Effect of dynamic cupping therapy vs. vibrating foam roller on pain, range of motion, function, and quality of life in elderly with subacute and chronic osteoarthritis of knee: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Vijayalaxmi Kanabur, A. Muragod","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_174_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_174_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a frequent degenerative disease of joints. The prevalence is approximately 28% among the Indian elderly. Recently complementary and alternative medicine therapies have been used in managing pain and disability. Dynamic cupping therapy is one of the forms used nowadays. Foam rolling and vibration therapy is also a popular intervention in musculoskeletal conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and low back pain. Nowadays, these two have been combined for the development of vibrating foam rollers. Objectives: This research aimed to compare the result of dynamic cupping therapy to that of a vibrating foam roller on pain, range of motion, function, and quality of life in elderly with sub-acute and chronic KOA. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out on 45 subjects with subacute to chronic KOA who were given thrice a week sessions for 4 weeks’ intervention. Through the randomized method, subjects were divided into a conventional group, dynamic cupping group and vibrating foam roller group outcome measures Numeric Pain Rating Scale, knee range of motion, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and brief Older People′s Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL-brief) were used. Results: Wilcoxon rank test revealed a pre-post difference in all three groups with significant P-values which were <0.05 and heterogeneously favored different outcome measures used. Kruskal–Wallis test revealed no difference between the groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that dynamic cupping therapy and vibration foam roller protocols used for the management of KOA are equally effective.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"472 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47217700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_173_22
Babita Ghodke, Ashok Ghodke, K. Mali, P. Thorat
Introduction: COVID-19 is a type of coronavirus disease belonging to the family Coronaviridae. In late December 2019, this virus emerged from Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and resulted in an outbreak in China and expanded globally. In India, the mortality rate today was 521,691 till the date-time of writing this article. Several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based comparative, observational study of the use of artesunate injections with standard-of-care (SOC) treatment (group A) versus only SOC (group B) treatment in moderate-to-severe cases of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, on a total of 130 patients (comparative group of 65 patients each). The study was done on hospitalized COVID-19-positive moderate and severe cases of ARDS from October 2020 to June 2021 at MGM Hospital and Research Centre, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Results: One hundred and thirty patients were divided into two groups of 65 each; group A was compared with group B; group A received SOC with artesunate injections and group B received only SOC treatment. The mean age of patients in group A was 57.3 ± 12.5 years (standard deviation [SD]: 54.2–60.3) and in group B was 55.8 ± 12.5 years (SD: 52.8–58.9). Diabetes mellitus was the most comorbid condition. The inflammatory markers, respiratory rate, and SpO2 improved in group A as compared to group B. The proportion of patients progressing to noninvasive and invasive ventilation was more in group B as compared to group A (P < 0.05). About 93.8% of patients (61 patients) recovered in group A compared with 72.3% of patients (47 patients) who recovered in group B. The overall death in group A was 6.2% (four patients) and 27.7% (18 patients) in group B (P < 0.05), indicating the proportion of dead patients is significantly more where only SOC treatment was given. Conclusions: Artesunate injection administration accelerated recovery in our patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease by controlling hyperimmune response. The clinical improvement was seen by decreased levels of inflammatory markers, reduced respiratory rate, and improved oxygen saturation and showed significant survival in group A compared with group B. Artesunate injections were given 2 mg/kg body weight diluted in 1 mL 5% sodium bicarbonate solution as a bolus followed by 1 mg/kg body weight after 6 h and 2 mg/kg body weight with 1 mL sodium bicarbonate solution for next 2 days at an interval of 24 h. Patients tolerated the injections well and recovery improved, so artesunate can be considered a therapeutic option in moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 ARDS.
{"title":"Comparative, observational study of the use of artesunate injections along with standard-of-care treatment versus only standard-of-care treatment in moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome cases of COVID-19-positive infections","authors":"Babita Ghodke, Ashok Ghodke, K. Mali, P. Thorat","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_173_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_173_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 is a type of coronavirus disease belonging to the family Coronaviridae. In late December 2019, this virus emerged from Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and resulted in an outbreak in China and expanded globally. In India, the mortality rate today was 521,691 till the date-time of writing this article. Several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based comparative, observational study of the use of artesunate injections with standard-of-care (SOC) treatment (group A) versus only SOC (group B) treatment in moderate-to-severe cases of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients, on a total of 130 patients (comparative group of 65 patients each). The study was done on hospitalized COVID-19-positive moderate and severe cases of ARDS from October 2020 to June 2021 at MGM Hospital and Research Centre, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Results: One hundred and thirty patients were divided into two groups of 65 each; group A was compared with group B; group A received SOC with artesunate injections and group B received only SOC treatment. The mean age of patients in group A was 57.3 ± 12.5 years (standard deviation [SD]: 54.2–60.3) and in group B was 55.8 ± 12.5 years (SD: 52.8–58.9). Diabetes mellitus was the most comorbid condition. The inflammatory markers, respiratory rate, and SpO2 improved in group A as compared to group B. The proportion of patients progressing to noninvasive and invasive ventilation was more in group B as compared to group A (P < 0.05). About 93.8% of patients (61 patients) recovered in group A compared with 72.3% of patients (47 patients) who recovered in group B. The overall death in group A was 6.2% (four patients) and 27.7% (18 patients) in group B (P < 0.05), indicating the proportion of dead patients is significantly more where only SOC treatment was given. Conclusions: Artesunate injection administration accelerated recovery in our patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease by controlling hyperimmune response. The clinical improvement was seen by decreased levels of inflammatory markers, reduced respiratory rate, and improved oxygen saturation and showed significant survival in group A compared with group B. Artesunate injections were given 2 mg/kg body weight diluted in 1 mL 5% sodium bicarbonate solution as a bolus followed by 1 mg/kg body weight after 6 h and 2 mg/kg body weight with 1 mL sodium bicarbonate solution for next 2 days at an interval of 24 h. Patients tolerated the injections well and recovery improved, so artesunate can be considered a therapeutic option in moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 ARDS.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"268 ","pages":"495 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41280426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The use of family planning (FP) methods and stockouts of contraceptives are major challenges to the FP program in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the level of stockouts of contraceptives in Nigerian health facilities. This survey was carried out in 767 health facilities offering FP services across all six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving a quantitative technique. Data were collected from 116 private and 651 public health facilities in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the facilities, and a physical inventory was taken. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS, version 25.0. Results: The stockout rate in the last 3 months was 63.8% in private and 47.5% in public health facilities (P = 0.001), whereas stockouts on the visit day were 63.8% in private and 51.0% in public facilities (P = 0.011). On the day of the visit, the stockout rate in private health facilities ranged from 9.3% to 26.5%, whereas it ranged from 5.3% to 24.2% in public health facilities. The main causes of stockouts of some contraceptives are low/no demand and a lack of supply. Conclusions: This study found a high level of stockouts of FP services in private and public health facilities, but higher in private facilities. Both the poor supply and low demand for FP services in Nigeria require the attention of policymakers and health officials.
{"title":"A comparative assessment of the level of stockouts of modern family planning services in private and public health facilities in Nigeria","authors":"A. Onoja, F. Sanni, S. Onoja, A. Abu","doi":"10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_87_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_87_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of family planning (FP) methods and stockouts of contraceptives are major challenges to the FP program in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the level of stockouts of contraceptives in Nigerian health facilities. This survey was carried out in 767 health facilities offering FP services across all six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving a quantitative technique. Data were collected from 116 private and 651 public health facilities in Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the facilities, and a physical inventory was taken. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS, version 25.0. Results: The stockout rate in the last 3 months was 63.8% in private and 47.5% in public health facilities (P = 0.001), whereas stockouts on the visit day were 63.8% in private and 51.0% in public facilities (P = 0.011). On the day of the visit, the stockout rate in private health facilities ranged from 9.3% to 26.5%, whereas it ranged from 5.3% to 24.2% in public health facilities. The main causes of stockouts of some contraceptives are low/no demand and a lack of supply. Conclusions: This study found a high level of stockouts of FP services in private and public health facilities, but higher in private facilities. Both the poor supply and low demand for FP services in Nigeria require the attention of policymakers and health officials.","PeriodicalId":52587,"journal":{"name":"MGM Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"534 - 539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42063729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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