I. Simonné Wiesl, P. Kis-Kós, Zsigmond Gyombolai, A. Kubík, Sz. Báthory, É. Kovács
Falls in older age are the result of the interaction of several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Risk factors for falls may vary in frequency not only in different economic and cultural contexts but also in different forms of care services among the older population. The aim of the present cross-sectional descriptive observational study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for falls among older ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward in Hungary. Data associated with risk factors for falls, such as age, sex, chronic physical and mental illness, acute illness, incontinence, history of falls, balance and gait disorder, and visual impairment, were collected from 82 participants. The frequency of these risk factors in our sample was compared with their prevalence in the elderly population living at home — based on data available in the literature and statistical databases — using chi-square tests. Our results show that the prevalence of hypertension, cerebrovascular events, dementia and diabetes are significantly higher in the elderly population in chronic inpatient care than in the elderly population living at home. There is also a significantly higher prevalence of balance disorders and the use of sedatives/sleeping pills/neuroleptics in the studied population. Cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and Parkinson's disease are equally prevalent in both populations. In the case of many of the patients admitted to chronic inpatient care, there is a real chance that their physical condition will improve or stabilise to the point where they can return to their own homes or be moved to a nursing home. This kind of rehabilitation approach to chronic inpatient care would require many more qualified nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, dietitians and social workers than are currently available.
{"title":"Prevalence of risk factors for falls among older adult ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward","authors":"I. Simonné Wiesl, P. Kis-Kós, Zsigmond Gyombolai, A. Kubík, Sz. Báthory, É. Kovács","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Falls in older age are the result of the interaction of several modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Risk factors for falls may vary in frequency not only in different economic and cultural contexts but also in different forms of care services among the older population. The aim of the present cross-sectional descriptive observational study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for falls among older ambulant patients on a chronic inpatient ward in Hungary.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Data associated with risk factors for falls, such as age, sex, chronic physical and mental illness, acute illness, incontinence, history of falls, balance and gait disorder, and visual impairment, were collected from 82 participants. The frequency of these risk factors in our sample was compared with their prevalence in the elderly population living at home — based on data available in the literature and statistical databases — using chi-square tests.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our results show that the prevalence of hypertension, cerebrovascular events, dementia and diabetes are significantly higher in the elderly population in chronic inpatient care than in the elderly population living at home. There is also a significantly higher prevalence of balance disorders and the use of sedatives/sleeping pills/neuroleptics in the studied population. Cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and Parkinson's disease are equally prevalent in both populations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the case of many of the patients admitted to chronic inpatient care, there is a real chance that their physical condition will improve or stabilise to the point where they can return to their own homes or be moved to a nursing home. This kind of rehabilitation approach to chronic inpatient care would require many more qualified nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, dietitians and social workers than are currently available.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75963048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Vékony, V. Suhajdáné Urbán, R. Andrásné Mikolás, Zsofia Pasztor, E. Mák
Diets other than those recommended by professionals, referred to in the present paper as “pseudo-diets”, can endanger the health of the people who follow them. It is therefore worth assessing why people begin such diets, the information they rely on, and the effects they experience. We surveyed and compared people following two pseudo-diets: a ketogenic-like diet (KLD) and a vegan-like diet (VLD). The diets are defined as ketogenic and vegan by the dieters themselves. A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-developed anonymous online questionnaires. The survey participants were adults: 249 KLD and 203 VLD followers. The majority (85.14%) of the KLD followers stated that their motivation was weight loss, while 56.16% of the VLD followers stated that they were primarily motivated by ethical considerations. Only 11.64% of the KLD followers and 33.99% of the VLD followers had sought professional help. Both the variety and frequency of the adverse effects were robust in the KLD group, while the VLD followers experienced primarily positive outcomes. We found a statistically significant association between the seeking of professional help and an increase in desirable effects in both groups, and a decrease in adverse effects in the VLD group. The dieters used several information sources but only occasionally turned to professionals. Given that dietary changes can represent a significant intervention, professional monitoring is highly recommended to ensure that the diet is valid, effective, personalised and safe.
{"title":"Objectives, sources of information, and experiences of followers of vegan-like and ketogenic-like dietary trends as pseudo-diets","authors":"B. Vékony, V. Suhajdáné Urbán, R. Andrásné Mikolás, Zsofia Pasztor, E. Mák","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Diets other than those recommended by professionals, referred to in the present paper as “pseudo-diets”, can endanger the health of the people who follow them. It is therefore worth assessing why people begin such diets, the information they rely on, and the effects they experience.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We surveyed and compared people following two pseudo-diets: a ketogenic-like diet (KLD) and a vegan-like diet (VLD). The diets are defined as ketogenic and vegan by the dieters themselves. A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-developed anonymous online questionnaires. The survey participants were adults: 249 KLD and 203 VLD followers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The majority (85.14%) of the KLD followers stated that their motivation was weight loss, while 56.16% of the VLD followers stated that they were primarily motivated by ethical considerations. Only 11.64% of the KLD followers and 33.99% of the VLD followers had sought professional help. Both the variety and frequency of the adverse effects were robust in the KLD group, while the VLD followers experienced primarily positive outcomes. We found a statistically significant association between the seeking of professional help and an increase in desirable effects in both groups, and a decrease in adverse effects in the VLD group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The dieters used several information sources but only occasionally turned to professionals. Given that dietary changes can represent a significant intervention, professional monitoring is highly recommended to ensure that the diet is valid, effective, personalised and safe.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82808014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morbidity and mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic have been particularly high among elderly people (>65 years). This review summarises some of the important physiological and clinical aspects in the background of augmented risk. Airway clearance provides defence against inhaled particles, including viruses. Some relevant studies have indicated that clearance from the small and large airways is slower in elderly people. Cough peak flow (the speed of expiratory airflow during coughing, or cough power) is another important parameter that reflects the defence capacity of the respiratory system. Age has likewise been shown to induce inspiratory and expiratory muscle weakness and, as a consequence, a low cough peak flow. In addition to the weakening of these non-specific defences in elderly people, the specific immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found to be nearly blocked in aged mice, and the augmented synthesis of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was found to play a role in this phenomenon. Aged animals were protected from death by a specific antagonist of PGD2. Among aged people suffering from COVID-19, there were disproportionally more patients with low CD8 T lymphocyte counts and high plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6). This combination of deficient cellular immunity and overt inflammatory response in COVID-19 has been identified as a significant risk factor of mortality.
{"title":"Review of the background to increased risks of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among elderly people","authors":"G. Losonczy","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00056","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Morbidity and mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic have been particularly high among elderly people (>65 years). This review summarises some of the important physiological and clinical aspects in the background of augmented risk. Airway clearance provides defence against inhaled particles, including viruses. Some relevant studies have indicated that clearance from the small and large airways is slower in elderly people. Cough peak flow (the speed of expiratory airflow during coughing, or cough power) is another important parameter that reflects the defence capacity of the respiratory system. Age has likewise been shown to induce inspiratory and expiratory muscle weakness and, as a consequence, a low cough peak flow. In addition to the weakening of these non-specific defences in elderly people, the specific immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found to be nearly blocked in aged mice, and the augmented synthesis of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) was found to play a role in this phenomenon. Aged animals were protected from death by a specific antagonist of PGD2. Among aged people suffering from COVID-19, there were disproportionally more patients with low CD8 T lymphocyte counts and high plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6). This combination of deficient cellular immunity and overt inflammatory response in COVID-19 has been identified as a significant risk factor of mortality.","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74342007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of all types of malignant skin tumours, including both melanoma and non-melanoma types, has increased in recent decades, while basal cell carcinoma is the most common human malignancy in the Caucasian race. The aging of the skin is associated with an increase in both benign and malignant tumours. As the population ages and life expectancy extends, mostly in developed countries, dermatologists are likely to face growing numbers of patients seeking therapy for such abnormalities. It is primarily UV irradiation that is responsible for the development of skin cancers, although there are other risk factors, including air pollution and X-ray irradiation. Seborrhoeic keratosis, solar lentigo and other benign lesions, despite their harmless nature, may cause distress to patients, such as itching or aesthetic issues. This review article summarises the features of the most common benign and malignant lesions of aging skin.
{"title":"Common benign and malignant tumours of the aging skin: Characteristics and treatment options","authors":"A. Bánvölgyi, A. Görög, K. Gadó, P. Holló","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00055","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The incidence of all types of malignant skin tumours, including both melanoma and non-melanoma types, has increased in recent decades, while basal cell carcinoma is the most common human malignancy in the Caucasian race. The aging of the skin is associated with an increase in both benign and malignant tumours. As the population ages and life expectancy extends, mostly in developed countries, dermatologists are likely to face growing numbers of patients seeking therapy for such abnormalities. It is primarily UV irradiation that is responsible for the development of skin cancers, although there are other risk factors, including air pollution and X-ray irradiation. Seborrhoeic keratosis, solar lentigo and other benign lesions, despite their harmless nature, may cause distress to patients, such as itching or aesthetic issues. This review article summarises the features of the most common benign and malignant lesions of aging skin.","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91213646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ageing processes, primarily after the age of 60, bring about a number of important changes that affect the skin’s protective function. These changes directly and indirectly increase its vulnerability and impair its ability to heal. Hence, the incidence of chronic wounds increases in the elderly population. Dry skin, often accompanied by itching and consequent scratching, can lead to the development of wounds. The skin’s ability to regenerate itself is also impaired by the atrophy that affects all the three layers of the skin, the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. The deterioration of vascularisation and innervation increases the chance of ulcer formation and impaired healing of existing wounds. Together these lead to the development of chronic lower limb ulcers in elderly patients or decubitus in older bedridden patients. Bedsores are more likely to develop in older patients with reduced body weight due to their decreased amount of adipose tissue capable of pressure-relieving. This latter negative tendency may be exacerbated by the presence of reduced mobility, impaired muscle strength, and frequent incontinence. In all respects, the propensity to heal is worse than in younger age, thus in many cases a chronic process is expected, and in some cases halting the progression may be a significant outcome. Ulcers of rare aetiology can occur at any age, so pyoderma gangrenosum, vasculitis, and other ulcers with rare aetiology in the elderly population should also be considered.
{"title":"Chronic wounds in the elderly: Decubitus, leg ulcers, and ulcers of rare aetiology","authors":"A. Bánvölgyi, A. Görög, K. Gadó, P. Holló","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ageing processes, primarily after the age of 60, bring about a number of important changes that affect the skin’s protective function. These changes directly and indirectly increase its vulnerability and impair its ability to heal. Hence, the incidence of chronic wounds increases in the elderly population. Dry skin, often accompanied by itching and consequent scratching, can lead to the development of wounds. The skin’s ability to regenerate itself is also impaired by the atrophy that affects all the three layers of the skin, the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. The deterioration of vascularisation and innervation increases the chance of ulcer formation and impaired healing of existing wounds. Together these lead to the development of chronic lower limb ulcers in elderly patients or decubitus in older bedridden patients. Bedsores are more likely to develop in older patients with reduced body weight due to their decreased amount of adipose tissue capable of pressure-relieving. This latter negative tendency may be exacerbated by the presence of reduced mobility, impaired muscle strength, and frequent incontinence. In all respects, the propensity to heal is worse than in younger age, thus in many cases a chronic process is expected, and in some cases halting the progression may be a significant outcome. Ulcers of rare aetiology can occur at any age, so pyoderma gangrenosum, vasculitis, and other ulcers with rare aetiology in the elderly population should also be considered.","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the age of people aspiring after sense experiences, encouraging long-term health behaviour changes to prevent future disorders that are, without previous personal experiences, unimaginable threats for the public, maybe one of the greatest challenges preventive medicine has to face. In order to become trusted sources, and influence public health behaviour in an experience-oriented manner, we need to formulate strategies offering emotionally evocative sense inputs that elicit self-relatedness. The current narrative review discusses the relevance of personal experiences in contemporary health behaviour by focusing on three major areas: 1) the importance of personal sources of health-related information, 2) cognitive and neurobiological background of personal experiences, 3) potential strategies to induce health behaviour changes through personal experiences. Based on the reviewed body of knowledge, three potential “rules” are proposed to increase the effectiveness of health promotion programs through sense or personal experiences: 1) Rule of Senses (stressing the importance of multisensory learning); 2) Rule of Affect (emphasizing the motivational significance of evoking positive emotions); and 3) Rule of Self-relatedness (highlighting the role of the self-referential composition of human experiences).
{"title":"Seeing is believing? The pivotal role of personal experience in contemporary health behaviour: A narrative review","authors":"M. Kapitány-Fövény","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the age of people aspiring after sense experiences, encouraging long-term health behaviour changes to prevent future disorders that are, without previous personal experiences, unimaginable threats for the public, maybe one of the greatest challenges preventive medicine has to face. In order to become trusted sources, and influence public health behaviour in an experience-oriented manner, we need to formulate strategies offering emotionally evocative sense inputs that elicit self-relatedness. The current narrative review discusses the relevance of personal experiences in contemporary health behaviour by focusing on three major areas: 1) the importance of personal sources of health-related information, 2) cognitive and neurobiological background of personal experiences, 3) potential strategies to induce health behaviour changes through personal experiences. Based on the reviewed body of knowledge, three potential “rules” are proposed to increase the effectiveness of health promotion programs through sense or personal experiences: 1) Rule of Senses (stressing the importance of multisensory learning); 2) Rule of Affect (emphasizing the motivational significance of evoking positive emotions); and 3) Rule of Self-relatedness (highlighting the role of the self-referential composition of human experiences).","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78764436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The continuous collection, monitoring, and analysis of morbidity data enable health professionals to plan the capacity of the care system, to organise and optimise care, to measure the burden of diseases resulting from each morbidity, and to estimate its expected evolution. In our study, we analyse the data of patient flow reports for the period 2011 to 2020 for the healing and preventive basic service defined as the basic task of the primary health care system (troop health service) of the Hungarian Defence Forces. Over 850,000 doctor-patient encounters over the ten-year period were mostly due to some form of acute care need, infection, and respiratory illness. The morbidity structure has not changed significantly over the period. In all cases, the top three were diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99), diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99), as well as musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases (M00-M99). In 2020, the highest number of people with restrictions for health reasons in the period under review was 131 for diseases of the circulatory system and 179 for musculoskeletal disorders. In recent years, the time spent on medical leave or on sick leave has increased significantly in terms of the number of cases of incapacity to work. Accurate knowledge of morbidity and health data can also provide the military leadership with important information on combat fitness, especially when the ever-increasing task load (mission activity, border tasks, Covid-19) has to be met by an armed corps selected from an ageing population.
{"title":"Changes in the health status of the Hungarian Defence Forces in an ageing society","authors":"A. Novák, Zs. Rázsó, A. Sótér, C. Nyakas","doi":"10.1556/2066.2022.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2022.00052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The continuous collection, monitoring, and analysis of morbidity data enable health professionals to plan the capacity of the care system, to organise and optimise care, to measure the burden of diseases resulting from each morbidity, and to estimate its expected evolution.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In our study, we analyse the data of patient flow reports for the period 2011 to 2020 for the healing and preventive basic service defined as the basic task of the primary health care system (troop health service) of the Hungarian Defence Forces.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Over 850,000 doctor-patient encounters over the ten-year period were mostly due to some form of acute care need, infection, and respiratory illness. The morbidity structure has not changed significantly over the period. In all cases, the top three were diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99), diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99), as well as musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases (M00-M99). In 2020, the highest number of people with restrictions for health reasons in the period under review was 131 for diseases of the circulatory system and 179 for musculoskeletal disorders. In recent years, the time spent on medical leave or on sick leave has increased significantly in terms of the number of cases of incapacity to work.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Accurate knowledge of morbidity and health data can also provide the military leadership with important information on combat fitness, especially when the ever-increasing task load (mission activity, border tasks, Covid-19) has to be met by an armed corps selected from an ageing population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88555957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Number of people over 65 years is continuously increasing and represents an ever growing proportion of population even in Hungary. Medical treatment of the elderly implies a massive burden for the healthcare system. Special knowledge is required to provide an appropriate medical care for the elderly. During the ageing process, several changes accumulate in the body and several chronic diseases develop. Function of parenchymal organs is impaired, healing process is slower, clinical manifestations of diseases are not so prominent, the diagnosis is often difficult to establish. Moreover, treatment possibilities also differ, because pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs are different from that of young patients. Communication with older patients is also cumbersome, participation of a relative or caregiver at consultation can be useful. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death of adults over the age of 65. Among these diseases congestive heart failure, coronary artery diseases, hypertension, atrial fibrillation have the greatest significance.
{"title":"Most common cardiovascular diseases of the elderly – A review article","authors":"K. Gadó, A. Szabó, D. Markovics, A. Virág","doi":"10.1556/2066.2021.00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2021.00048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Number of people over 65 years is continuously increasing and represents an ever growing proportion of population even in Hungary. Medical treatment of the elderly implies a massive burden for the healthcare system. Special knowledge is required to provide an appropriate medical care for the elderly. During the ageing process, several changes accumulate in the body and several chronic diseases develop. Function of parenchymal organs is impaired, healing process is slower, clinical manifestations of diseases are not so prominent, the diagnosis is often difficult to establish. Moreover, treatment possibilities also differ, because pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs are different from that of young patients. Communication with older patients is also cumbersome, participation of a relative or caregiver at consultation can be useful. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death of adults over the age of 65. Among these diseases congestive heart failure, coronary artery diseases, hypertension, atrial fibrillation have the greatest significance.","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81281413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ageing of the societies is a demographic phenomenon in the developed world. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel human coronavirus responsible for a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization (WHO) data demonstrated that the first two waves of the pandemic had the most severe impact on older people and that is why new guidelines and protocols were necessary in geriatric medicine to protect senior citizens. In our publication, we summarise the three statements of EuGMS concerning the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Besides following the European recommendations, a proper local response was necessary in each country. The Hungarian Government has successfully completed the necessary measures during the first two waves, which are summarised in our publication. Those measures took into consideration not only the international guidelines, but the capacities of the healthcare system, as well as the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the country. Successful local defence against COVID-19 required adequate and optimised interpretation of the international guidelines to save the life of thousands of older adults in Hungary.
{"title":"Ageing societies and the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic – Statements of the European Geriatric Medicine Society and measures of the Hungarian Government concerning older people","authors":"A. LELBACHp, É. Benyei","doi":"10.1556/2066.2021.00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2021.00049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ageing of the societies is a demographic phenomenon in the developed world. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel human coronavirus responsible for a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization (WHO) data demonstrated that the first two waves of the pandemic had the most severe impact on older people and that is why new guidelines and protocols were necessary in geriatric medicine to protect senior citizens.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In our publication, we summarise the three statements of EuGMS concerning the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Besides following the European recommendations, a proper local response was necessary in each country.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Hungarian Government has successfully completed the necessary measures during the first two waves, which are summarised in our publication. Those measures took into consideration not only the international guidelines, but the capacities of the healthcare system, as well as the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the country.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Successful local defence against COVID-19 required adequate and optimised interpretation of the international guidelines to save the life of thousands of older adults in Hungary.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89773053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With ageing, significant changes occur in all structures of the eye, resulting in a variety of morphological and functional effects. This review summarises parameters that are within the normal ageing process in order to distinguish them from true disease processes. Understanding the ageing changes of the eye will help to understand some of the visual problems experienced by the ageing population.
{"title":"Effects of ageing on the eyes","authors":"","doi":"10.1556/2066.2021.00047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2066.2021.00047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With ageing, significant changes occur in all structures of the eye, resulting in a variety of morphological and functional effects. This review summarises parameters that are within the normal ageing process in order to distinguish them from true disease processes. Understanding the ageing changes of the eye will help to understand some of the visual problems experienced by the ageing population.","PeriodicalId":52607,"journal":{"name":"Developments in Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75557606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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