Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121334
Elena Todorova, M. Zhiyanski
The study presents a new look on the socio-ecological relations in retrospective, focusing on their formation and adaptation over time in Velingrad Municipality, Bulgaria. The dependencies between the main components of the system are outlined and the main disturbances in terms of presses and pulses are examined. Examples of trade-offs and synergies are also offered to better understand the cross-scale dynamics of the studied components. The reaction of the system to pulses in its growth phase of the adaptive cycle is reviewed. In addition, the contemporary state of the main components of the coupled human-natural system is analysed in order to identify the slow and fast variables that determine the trajectory of the system at present. The resilience thinking concept is applied in analyzing the processes within the coupled human-natural system and in identifying the mechanisms that may enhance its capacity to absorb shocks.
{"title":"Study on the Coupled Human – Natural System in Velingrad municipality, Bulgaria: a resilience perspective","authors":"Elena Todorova, M. Zhiyanski","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121334","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents a new look on the socio-ecological relations in retrospective, focusing on their formation and adaptation over time in Velingrad Municipality, Bulgaria. The dependencies between the main components of the system are outlined and the main disturbances in terms of presses and pulses are examined. Examples of trade-offs and synergies are also offered to better understand the cross-scale dynamics of the studied components. The reaction of the system to pulses in its growth phase of the adaptive cycle is reviewed. In addition, the contemporary state of the main components of the coupled human-natural system is analysed in order to identify the slow and fast variables that determine the trajectory of the system at present. The resilience thinking concept is applied in analyzing the processes within the coupled human-natural system and in identifying the mechanisms that may enhance its capacity to absorb shocks.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"72 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121464
Mihail Kechev, Alper Tonguç
The paper presents information about some Mediterranean dolichopodid species and their habitat preferences, as well as distribution from the southern parts of Bulgaria and southeast Turkey. One new locality of Sybistroma discipes is given.
{"title":"Mediterranean predatory flies of the Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Empidoidea) family from Bulgaria and Turkey","authors":"Mihail Kechev, Alper Tonguç","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121464","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents information about some Mediterranean dolichopodid species and their habitat preferences, as well as distribution from the southern parts of Bulgaria and southeast Turkey. One new locality of Sybistroma discipes is given.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116920
M. Ghaffariyan
Forest fires are one of the most severe incidents that can destroy large areas of forest lands and cause substantial damages to the nearby residential areas and farmlands. Human efforts to reduce the likelihood of starting forest fires include prescribed burning, mechanical fuel load reduction and livestock grazing. Following natural disasters in forest areas, a salvage recovery operation is usually conducted that may cause some environmental impacts. This article aimed to review the literatures to provide a summary of different types of machines and working methods that have been studied in different countries. The review results showed that the most common method for mechanical fuel load reduction was mechanised cut-to-length using a harvester and a forwarder. This method has been widely applied in Canada, USA, Europe, and Oceania. In some countries (e.g. Australia and USA) the whole tree method is also applied for mechanical fuel load reduction. This method was often conducted using feller-bunchers, grapple skidders and chippers/grinders. The majority of mechanical fuel load reduction projects produced the extra fibre which could be used for bioenergy purposes. The number of salvage recovery studies was limited compared with studies on mechanical fuel load reduction. Salvage recovery operations applied a cut-to-length and whole tree harvesting methods. Windthrown trees were extracted to the roadside using heavy size forwarders or grapple skidders in flat/moderate terrains while tower yarders were applied in steep terrains. Detailed information on work productivity is described in this article which can be of use to the academic and industrial users.
{"title":"Suitable forestry machines for mechanical fuel load reduction and salvage recovery: a short review","authors":"M. Ghaffariyan","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116920","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are one of the most severe incidents that can destroy large areas of forest lands and cause substantial damages to the nearby residential areas and farmlands. Human efforts to reduce the likelihood of starting forest fires include prescribed burning, mechanical fuel load reduction and livestock grazing. Following natural disasters in forest areas, a salvage recovery operation is usually conducted that may cause some environmental impacts. This article aimed to review the literatures to provide a summary of different types of machines and working methods that have been studied in different countries. The review results showed that the most common method for mechanical fuel load reduction was mechanised cut-to-length using a harvester and a forwarder. This method has been widely applied in Canada, USA, Europe, and Oceania. In some countries (e.g. Australia and USA) the whole tree method is also applied for mechanical fuel load reduction. This method was often conducted using feller-bunchers, grapple skidders and chippers/grinders. The majority of mechanical fuel load reduction projects produced the extra fibre which could be used for bioenergy purposes. The number of salvage recovery studies was limited compared with studies on mechanical fuel load reduction. Salvage recovery operations applied a cut-to-length and whole tree harvesting methods. Windthrown trees were extracted to the roadside using heavy size forwarders or grapple skidders in flat/moderate terrains while tower yarders were applied in steep terrains. Detailed information on work productivity is described in this article which can be of use to the academic and industrial users. ","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116361
S. Safeer, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Shakeel Sabir, Ubaid ul Hassan, S. Anwar
This research work targets to evaluate the floristic composition of Mahseer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Field data was recorded from fifteen different sites. The Quadrat method was used for vegetation sampling while the exact location of each site, altitude, exposure and geographical coordinates were documented by using geographical positioning system (GPS). To analyze the significance of environmental variables, multivariate statistical analysis was carried out by using two-way clustering, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and general linear model (GLM) response curve analysis. Floristically, 109 plant species belonging to 45 families were recorded. Among families, Poaceae was most commonly distributed, accounting for 15 species in total. Two-way cluster analysis categorized the vegetation into four major plant communities. CCA was used to analyze the vegetation-environment relation. Plant species showed a significant correlation response against altitudinal gradient, total nitro-gen, electrical conductivity and calcium contents. The GLM response curve and IVI demonstrated that Cynodon dactylon was the most dominant species followed by Dalbergia sissoo and Adhatoda zeylinica. This study provided the baseline information about the eco-floristic composition. It suggested that the area is floristically rich, and needs to be analyzed in detail by future researchers.
{"title":"A multivariate vegetation analysis of Mahasheer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"S. Safeer, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Shakeel Sabir, Ubaid ul Hassan, S. Anwar","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116361","url":null,"abstract":"This research work targets to evaluate the floristic composition of Mahseer National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Field data was recorded from fifteen different sites. The Quadrat method was used for vegetation sampling while the exact location of each site, altitude, exposure and geographical coordinates were documented by using geographical positioning system (GPS). To analyze the significance of environmental variables, multivariate statistical analysis was carried out by using two-way clustering, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and general linear model (GLM) response curve analysis. Floristically, 109 plant species belonging to 45 families were recorded. Among families, Poaceae was most commonly distributed, accounting for 15 species in total. Two-way cluster analysis categorized the vegetation into four major plant communities. CCA was used to analyze the vegetation-environment relation. Plant species showed a significant correlation response against altitudinal gradient, total nitro-gen, electrical conductivity and calcium contents. The GLM response curve and IVI demonstrated that Cynodon dactylon was the most dominant species followed by Dalbergia sissoo and Adhatoda zeylinica. This study provided the baseline information about the eco-floristic composition. It suggested that the area is floristically rich, and needs to be analyzed in detail by future researchers.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e117347
Hasini Hewawitharanage, Letchuman Sarvananda
Aquaporins are small membrane proteins belonging to the group of Major Intrinsic proteins (MIPs) that facilitate the transport of water and small molecules across biological membranes. They were initially identified as water channels and later it has become clear that they also play important roles in several other physiological processes in plants. Plants have different types of aquaporins in terms of their location, gating properties, and solute specificity and can mainly divide into four major subfamilies. They are tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nodulin26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), and the small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs). All these aquaporins play a variety of physiological activities at all stages of plant growth and development. Also, they are believed to play a significant part in the plant’s defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. This review comprehensively addresses the roles of diverse aquaporin homologs in growth and development and their response to different environmental factors.
{"title":"Aquaporins: Multifunctional Players in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Responses","authors":"Hasini Hewawitharanage, Letchuman Sarvananda","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e117347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e117347","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaporins are small membrane proteins belonging to the group of Major Intrinsic proteins (MIPs) that facilitate the transport of water and small molecules across biological membranes. They were initially identified as water channels and later it has become clear that they also play important roles in several other physiological processes in plants. Plants have different types of aquaporins in terms of their location, gating properties, and solute specificity and can mainly divide into four major subfamilies. They are tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nodulin26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), and the small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs). All these aquaporins play a variety of physiological activities at all stages of plant growth and development. Also, they are believed to play a significant part in the plant’s defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. This review comprehensively addresses the roles of diverse aquaporin homologs in growth and development and their response to different environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"42 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121340
Atidzhe Ahmed, Blagoy Koichev, Rossen Andreev, Ivan Stepanov, Peter Savev
Grey wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758) is the largest representative of the Canidae family in Bulgaria. It inhabits almost the whole territory, most frequently the mountainous and hilly areas. The grey wolf is a hunting species in the country. Despite this, there is little information in the literature on its size. The aim of this work was to provide the first systematized data of the somatometric characteristics (weight – P; total body length – L; length of the body to the base of the tail – Lb; tail length – Lo and height at the withers – Hb) of the grey wolf in Bulgaria and to establish what is the degree of their sexual dimorphism. We found that the adult males are 24.3% heavier than the females (t=4.46; p<0.001). They also have a longer body by 8.8% (t = 3.66; p<0.001) and a greater height by 6.5% (U=546; p=0.005). The smallest difference (6.2%) between the two sexes was observed in tail length (U=629.5; p=0.03). The results of our study support the clear sexual dimorphism established in other wolf populations. Further studies are needed to link the wolf ’s body size data with prey type data in the respective areas for more clarity. This will be beneficial both for better wolf population management and for the accumulation of a database.
{"title":"Somatometric Characteristics of the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) in Bulgaria","authors":"Atidzhe Ahmed, Blagoy Koichev, Rossen Andreev, Ivan Stepanov, Peter Savev","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e121340","url":null,"abstract":"Grey wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758) is the largest representative of the Canidae family in Bulgaria. It inhabits almost the whole territory, most frequently the mountainous and hilly areas. The grey wolf is a hunting species in the country. Despite this, there is little information in the literature on its size. The aim of this work was to provide the first systematized data of the somatometric characteristics (weight – P; total body length – L; length of the body to the base of the tail – Lb; tail length – Lo and height at the withers – Hb) of the grey wolf in Bulgaria and to establish what is the degree of their sexual dimorphism. We found that the adult males are 24.3% heavier than the females (t=4.46; p<0.001). They also have a longer body by 8.8% (t = 3.66; p<0.001) and a greater height by 6.5% (U=546; p=0.005). The smallest difference (6.2%) between the two sexes was observed in tail length (U=629.5; p=0.03). The results of our study support the clear sexual dimorphism established in other wolf populations. Further studies are needed to link the wolf ’s body size data with prey type data in the respective areas for more clarity. This will be beneficial both for better wolf population management and for the accumulation of a database. ","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"50 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116263
Robert Brandes, Anastasia Christopoulou
The present review article provides an overview about the timberlines of the Greek high mountains. It informs about the existing tree species and about the altitude, physiognomy and dynamics of the timber-line ecotones. Subsequently, it gives an interpretation of the human influence and the geo-ecological fac-tors, which may have caused the altitudinal limit of tree growth in Greece. A latitudinal and local change in timberline-forming tree species creates high heterogeneity between the research areas and makes this their most remarkable feature. Moreover, in Greece there is no rise in timberline altitude from north to south. In some areas, fir-dieback causes a local decline in timberline altitude, which is the predominant dynamic process. An anthropogenic depression of the forest line is certainly common. Yet, a natural forest cover reaching up to the peak zones of the Greek high mountains is unthinkable. The identified timberline-forming factors and the prevailing site conditions speak against this. In accordance with the Mediterranean climate regime, it is obvious that not only the climatic conditions of winter (frost, snow) determine the limits of tree growth. The (macro- and micro) climatic impacts of summer (drought, high insolation) play a highly important role as well. Against this background, the climate-ecological hindrances to the establishment of trees, i.e. the germination and the survival of seedlings, are identified as key-factors for understanding the Hellenic timberlines (“regeneration hypothesis”). Against the back-ground of global warming, suggestions for further research on the ecology and dynamics of the Greek high mountain timberlines are provided.
{"title":"Timberlines of the Greek high mountains: status quo at the turn of the millennium","authors":"Robert Brandes, Anastasia Christopoulou","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e116263","url":null,"abstract":"The present review article provides an overview about the timberlines of the Greek high mountains. It informs about the existing tree species and about the altitude, physiognomy and dynamics of the timber-line ecotones. Subsequently, it gives an interpretation of the human influence and the geo-ecological fac-tors, which may have caused the altitudinal limit of tree growth in Greece. A latitudinal and local change in timberline-forming tree species creates high heterogeneity between the research areas and makes this their most remarkable feature. Moreover, in Greece there is no rise in timberline altitude from north to south. In some areas, fir-dieback causes a local decline in timberline altitude, which is the predominant dynamic process. An anthropogenic depression of the forest line is certainly common. Yet, a natural forest cover reaching up to the peak zones of the Greek high mountains is unthinkable. The identified timberline-forming factors and the prevailing site conditions speak against this. In accordance with the Mediterranean climate regime, it is obvious that not only the climatic conditions of winter (frost, snow) determine the limits of tree growth. The (macro- and micro) climatic impacts of summer (drought, high insolation) play a highly important role as well. Against this background, the climate-ecological hindrances to the establishment of trees, i.e. the germination and the survival of seedlings, are identified as key-factors for understanding the Hellenic timberlines (“regeneration hypothesis”). Against the back-ground of global warming, suggestions for further research on the ecology and dynamics of the Greek high mountain timberlines are provided. ","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e124494
Proletka Dimitrova
An assessment was made on the main growth and productivity indicators in half-sibs progeny planta-tions of 18 Robinia pseudoacacia L. clones in the region of Ruse, on (М-I-2 D1 (13)) site, on rich, dry and compacted (Haplic luvisols) grey forest soil, at planting scheme 3.0х1,5 m. The differences in the main inventory indicators, defining the growth and productivity of the progenies of 18 black locust clones, confirm good qualities of the progenies of the Bulgarian clones Pordim-10, Pordim-13, Obretenik-1, Obretenik-6 and Ryahovo-1 and of the Hungarian clones Szajki and Nyirségi. This should be taken into account in the selection of material for establishment of industrial plantations and plantations for bio-mass production, as well as in the choice and performance of tending activities.
{"title":"Growth and productivity of half-sibs progenies of selected Robinia pseudoacacia L. clones in the region of Ruse.","authors":"Proletka Dimitrova","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e124494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.24.e124494","url":null,"abstract":"An assessment was made on the main growth and productivity indicators in half-sibs progeny planta-tions of 18 Robinia pseudoacacia L. clones in the region of Ruse, on (М-I-2 D1 (13)) site, on rich, dry and compacted (Haplic luvisols) grey forest soil, at planting scheme 3.0х1,5 m. The differences in the main inventory indicators, defining the growth and productivity of the progenies of 18 black locust clones, confirm good qualities of the progenies of the Bulgarian clones Pordim-10, Pordim-13, Obretenik-1, Obretenik-6 and Ryahovo-1 and of the Hungarian clones Szajki and Nyirségi. This should be taken into account in the selection of material for establishment of industrial plantations and plantations for bio-mass production, as well as in the choice and performance of tending activities. ","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"43 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e119972
D. Dimitrov
Eighty one well-preserved wooden pillars were found аs a result of underwater archaeological excavations of a submerged prehistoric settlement in the estuary of Ropotamo River, Black Sea. That provokes a scientific interest to identify wood materials. The longest tree-ring chronologies have been used to build floating dendrochronology series. Anatomical features of xylem showed that 34 out of the 81 studied wooden pillars belong to genus Quercus. The remaining 47 pillars belong to a species of the genera Fraxinus, Acer, Ulmus and Platanus. It has been found that 8 out of 34 oak pillars have a length of tree-ring series over 30 years. This was the reason to select them for dendrochronological studies. The length of the built floating master chronology for the oaks is 84 years. The lack of strong coherent signal between 34 single oak dendrochronological series can be explained with three different types of oak forest ecosystems, in the area of the Ropotamo River estuary. These forest ecosystems are as follows: oak high stand forests in Strandzha Mountain, oak coppice forests on the Black Sea coast plains and riparian ‘Longoz’ forests of Ropotamo River. The tree-ring series of these forest types have different tree-ring signatures. Based on the tree-ring analysis it can be assumed that the timber of the above-mentioned three types of oak ecosystems was used in the construction of the prehistoric settlement.
{"title":"Wood identification and tree-ring chronology building of oak pillars excavated from submerged prehistoric settlement (3000 BC), Ropotamo River estuary, Black Sea","authors":"D. Dimitrov","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e119972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e119972","url":null,"abstract":"Eighty one well-preserved wooden pillars were found аs a result of underwater archaeological excavations of a submerged prehistoric settlement in the estuary of Ropotamo River, Black Sea. That provokes a scientific interest to identify wood materials. The longest tree-ring chronologies have been used to build floating dendrochronology series. Anatomical features of xylem showed that 34 out of the 81 studied wooden pillars belong to genus Quercus. The remaining 47 pillars belong to a species of the genera Fraxinus, Acer, Ulmus and Platanus. It has been found that 8 out of 34 oak pillars have a length of tree-ring series over 30 years. This was the reason to select them for dendrochronological studies. The length of the built floating master chronology for the oaks is 84 years. The lack of strong coherent signal between 34 single oak dendrochronological series can be explained with three different types of oak forest ecosystems, in the area of the Ropotamo River estuary. These forest ecosystems are as follows: oak high stand forests in Strandzha Mountain, oak coppice forests on the Black Sea coast plains and riparian ‘Longoz’ forests of Ropotamo River. The tree-ring series of these forest types have different tree-ring signatures. Based on the tree-ring analysis it can be assumed that the timber of the above-mentioned three types of oak ecosystems was used in the construction of the prehistoric settlement. ","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e119972
D. Dimitrov
Eighty one well-preserved wooden pillars were found аs a result of underwater archaeological excavations of a submerged prehistoric settlement in the estuary of Ropotamo River, Black Sea. That provokes a scientific interest to identify wood materials. The longest tree-ring chronologies have been used to build floating dendrochronology series. Anatomical features of xylem showed that 34 out of the 81 studied wooden pillars belong to genus Quercus. The remaining 47 pillars belong to a species of the genera Fraxinus, Acer, Ulmus and Platanus. It has been found that 8 out of 34 oak pillars have a length of tree-ring series over 30 years. This was the reason to select them for dendrochronological studies. The length of the built floating master chronology for the oaks is 84 years. The lack of strong coherent signal between 34 single oak dendrochronological series can be explained with three different types of oak forest ecosystems, in the area of the Ropotamo River estuary. These forest ecosystems are as follows: oak high stand forests in Strandzha Mountain, oak coppice forests on the Black Sea coast plains and riparian ‘Longoz’ forests of Ropotamo River. The tree-ring series of these forest types have different tree-ring signatures. Based on the tree-ring analysis it can be assumed that the timber of the above-mentioned three types of oak ecosystems was used in the construction of the prehistoric settlement.
{"title":"Wood identification and tree-ring chronology building of oak pillars excavated from submerged prehistoric settlement (3000 BC), Ropotamo River estuary, Black Sea","authors":"D. Dimitrov","doi":"10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e119972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.25.e119972","url":null,"abstract":"Eighty one well-preserved wooden pillars were found аs a result of underwater archaeological excavations of a submerged prehistoric settlement in the estuary of Ropotamo River, Black Sea. That provokes a scientific interest to identify wood materials. The longest tree-ring chronologies have been used to build floating dendrochronology series. Anatomical features of xylem showed that 34 out of the 81 studied wooden pillars belong to genus Quercus. The remaining 47 pillars belong to a species of the genera Fraxinus, Acer, Ulmus and Platanus. It has been found that 8 out of 34 oak pillars have a length of tree-ring series over 30 years. This was the reason to select them for dendrochronological studies. The length of the built floating master chronology for the oaks is 84 years. The lack of strong coherent signal between 34 single oak dendrochronological series can be explained with three different types of oak forest ecosystems, in the area of the Ropotamo River estuary. These forest ecosystems are as follows: oak high stand forests in Strandzha Mountain, oak coppice forests on the Black Sea coast plains and riparian ‘Longoz’ forests of Ropotamo River. The tree-ring series of these forest types have different tree-ring signatures. Based on the tree-ring analysis it can be assumed that the timber of the above-mentioned three types of oak ecosystems was used in the construction of the prehistoric settlement. ","PeriodicalId":52662,"journal":{"name":"Silva Balcanica","volume":"53 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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