M. Kachare, Abhijit D. Patil, Shanta A. Gamanagatti, Sanjay B. Kulkarni
Background The appendix exhibits varied anatomical orientations, which significantly influence the diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis. Existing literature predominantly relies on cadaveric studies to delineate common appendix positions, lacking comprehensive computed tomography (CT)-based investigations on a large scale. Thus, our study endeavors to delineate the prevailing position of the appendix on CT scans and ascertain its concordance with existing literature, thereby augmenting our understanding of this anatomical entity. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital setting. Materials and Methods A total of 1,068 patients aged 18 years and older, undergoing abdominal CT scans at the hospital between July 2020 and July 2021, were enrolled in the study, with exclusion criteria applied to conditions that could distort anatomical features. The position of the appendix was meticulously documented for each patient, alongside measurements including diameter, wall thickness, and origin. Data collection utilized a predefined Microsoft Excel sheet. Subsequently, numerical and relative frequencies were computed for appendiceal positions and origins. Additionally, diameter and wall thickness were assessed, and pertinent parameters were derived. Results The relative frequencies of various potential appendiceal positions observed in our study were as follows: subcecal: 6.6%; paracecal: 1.2%; pelvic: 21.9%; postileal: 32.9%; preileal: 6.7%; retrocecal: 28.5%; subhepatic: 2.2%. Conclusion In contrast to traditional assumptions, our findings reveal that the most prevalent positions of the appendix are postileal, retrocecal, and pelvic, challenging historical beliefs.
{"title":"Computed Tomography Scan Correlation of Position of Appendix with Present Literature","authors":"M. Kachare, Abhijit D. Patil, Shanta A. Gamanagatti, Sanjay B. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1788261","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background The appendix exhibits varied anatomical orientations, which significantly influence the diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis. Existing literature predominantly relies on cadaveric studies to delineate common appendix positions, lacking comprehensive computed tomography (CT)-based investigations on a large scale. Thus, our study endeavors to delineate the prevailing position of the appendix on CT scans and ascertain its concordance with existing literature, thereby augmenting our understanding of this anatomical entity. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital setting.\u0000 Materials and Methods A total of 1,068 patients aged 18 years and older, undergoing abdominal CT scans at the hospital between July 2020 and July 2021, were enrolled in the study, with exclusion criteria applied to conditions that could distort anatomical features. The position of the appendix was meticulously documented for each patient, alongside measurements including diameter, wall thickness, and origin. Data collection utilized a predefined Microsoft Excel sheet. Subsequently, numerical and relative frequencies were computed for appendiceal positions and origins. Additionally, diameter and wall thickness were assessed, and pertinent parameters were derived.\u0000 Results The relative frequencies of various potential appendiceal positions observed in our study were as follows: subcecal: 6.6%; paracecal: 1.2%; pelvic: 21.9%; postileal: 32.9%; preileal: 6.7%; retrocecal: 28.5%; subhepatic: 2.2%.\u0000 Conclusion In contrast to traditional assumptions, our findings reveal that the most prevalent positions of the appendix are postileal, retrocecal, and pelvic, challenging historical beliefs.","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"83 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Duplication of Gallbladder Amidst Out of the Ordinary Associated Anomalies","authors":"Neha Bagri, Anamika Meena, Ashish Bansal, Ritu Misra","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1787964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The introduction of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in clinical practice has revolutionized the evaluation of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after curative-intent treatment. The high expression of this glycoprotein in prostate cancer cells makes PSMA imaging superior to the current conventional staging methods, namely bone scanning and computed tomography. The high capability of PSMA imaging for identifying very small previously undetected lesions has been widely demonstrated in the literature, leading to a rethinking of patient management by treating physicians. The usual and predictable patterns of spread in prostate cancer are still more prevalent, such as spread to pelvic lymph nodes and bone metastasis, but different patterns of disease spread are becoming more commonly recognized with higher reliability because PSMA imaging allows the detection of more usual and unusual lesions than conventional imaging. The expanding use of PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) has also revealed PSMA ligand uptake in diverse nonprostatic diseases, which raised questions about the specificity of this imaging modality. It is important for the reading physician to recognize and understand the usual disease spread, the most prevalent unusual sites of relapse, and the nonprostatic conditions which are PSMA avid not only to heighten the relevancy of reports but also to improve imaging consultancy in multispecialty oncologic practice. This article aims to brief the role of PSMA PET in the initial staging of multitude of clinical scenarios, BCR, castration-resistant prostate cancer, usual and unusual patterns of recurrence and metastatic spread diagnosed with PSMA PET, normal variants, pitfalls, and nonprostatic disorders showing PSMA expression.
前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA）被引入临床实践后，彻底改变了前列腺癌治愈性治疗后的生化复发（BCR）评估。这种糖蛋白在前列腺癌细胞中的高表达使得 PSMA 成像优于目前传统的分期方法，即骨扫描和计算机断层扫描。PSMA 成像在识别以前未被发现的极小病灶方面的高超能力已在文献中得到广泛证实，这促使治疗医生重新考虑对患者的管理。前列腺癌的常规和可预测的扩散模式仍然较为普遍，如扩散至盆腔淋巴结和骨转移，但由于 PSMA 成像比常规成像可检测到更多的常规和不常见病灶，因此不同的疾病扩散模式正变得越来越普遍，并具有更高的可靠性。PSMA正电子发射断层扫描（PET）的使用范围不断扩大，也发现了各种非前列腺疾病中的PSMA配体摄取，这引发了对这种成像方式特异性的质疑。对于阅片医生来说，认识和了解常见的疾病扩散、最普遍的非正常复发部位以及PSMA嗜性的非前列腺疾病非常重要，这不仅能提高报告的相关性，还能改善多专科肿瘤实践中的影像咨询。本文旨在简要介绍 PSMA PET 在多种临床情况的初步分期中的作用、BCR、阉割耐药前列腺癌、PSMA PET 诊断出的复发和转移扩散的常见和异常模式、正常变异、陷阱以及显示 PSMA 表达的非前列腺疾病。
{"title":"Role of Ga68 Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in Prostate Cancer Imaging","authors":"Jaykanth Amalachandran, Thangalakshmi Sivathapandi, Gopinathraj Gunasekaran","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786847","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in clinical practice has revolutionized the evaluation of biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after curative-intent treatment. The high expression of this glycoprotein in prostate cancer cells makes PSMA imaging superior to the current conventional staging methods, namely bone scanning and computed tomography. The high capability of PSMA imaging for identifying very small previously undetected lesions has been widely demonstrated in the literature, leading to a rethinking of patient management by treating physicians. The usual and predictable patterns of spread in prostate cancer are still more prevalent, such as spread to pelvic lymph nodes and bone metastasis, but different patterns of disease spread are becoming more commonly recognized with higher reliability because PSMA imaging allows the detection of more usual and unusual lesions than conventional imaging. The expanding use of PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) has also revealed PSMA ligand uptake in diverse nonprostatic diseases, which raised questions about the specificity of this imaging modality. It is important for the reading physician to recognize and understand the usual disease spread, the most prevalent unusual sites of relapse, and the nonprostatic conditions which are PSMA avid not only to heighten the relevancy of reports but also to improve imaging consultancy in multispecialty oncologic practice. This article aims to brief the role of PSMA PET in the initial staging of multitude of clinical scenarios, BCR, castration-resistant prostate cancer, usual and unusual patterns of recurrence and metastatic spread diagnosed with PSMA PET, normal variants, pitfalls, and nonprostatic disorders showing PSMA expression.","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic liver disease (CLD) has been recently recognized as a major public health priority. Assessment of presence and degree of liver fibrosis is critical to the management of CLD and traditionally required a liver biopsy. However, biopsy has many limitations including the risk of complications and sampling error. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has emerged as a noninvasive and highly accurate technique for evaluating liver fibrosis. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the current uses and guidelines for the usage of MRE in CLD, highlighting its advantages and limitations.
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Liver: Current Status and Future Directions","authors":"A. Chatterjee, Frank H. Miller, Emily Pang","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786812","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic liver disease (CLD) has been recently recognized as a major public health priority. Assessment of presence and degree of liver fibrosis is critical to the management of CLD and traditionally required a liver biopsy. However, biopsy has many limitations including the risk of complications and sampling error. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has emerged as a noninvasive and highly accurate technique for evaluating liver fibrosis. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the current uses and guidelines for the usage of MRE in CLD, highlighting its advantages and limitations.","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"80 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. V. Shetty, Rajesh Venkatesh Helavar, Madhukumar S. B.
Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a mixed solid and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas which occurs most commonly in females in second or third decade of life with few reported pediatric cases. It has a low malignancy potential with good prognosis after surgical resection.We present a case of an 11-year-old male child with solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas who presented with clinical features of acute pancreatitis. He was initially evaluated with ultrasound, followed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas presenting as acute pancreatitis is rarely reported in literature. This case is a unique presentation of a pancreatic tumor and highlights the value of multiphase CT imaging and MRI in the diagnosis.
{"title":"Childhood Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas: Acute Presentation of an Uncommon Tumor","authors":"Y. V. Shetty, Rajesh Venkatesh Helavar, Madhukumar S. B.","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786981","url":null,"abstract":"Solid pseudopapillary tumor is a mixed solid and cystic neoplasm of the pancreas which occurs most commonly in females in second or third decade of life with few reported pediatric cases. It has a low malignancy potential with good prognosis after surgical resection.We present a case of an 11-year-old male child with solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas who presented with clinical features of acute pancreatitis. He was initially evaluated with ultrasound, followed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas presenting as acute pancreatitis is rarely reported in literature. This case is a unique presentation of a pancreatic tumor and highlights the value of multiphase CT imaging and MRI in the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"137 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prostate cancer management has undergone radical changes in recent times, due to early diagnosis in localized stage and availability of multiple treatment modalities. But the onus of selecting appropriate treatment rests with the urologist. Radiological investigations are immensely important in these patients. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen and its derivatives is the primary investigation in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Ultrasonogram is of limited utility in prostate carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging provides extensive information to the treating physician regarding the approach and the treatment modality to be used in the management of prostate carcinoma. Radiological investigations are the cornerstones for efficient management of prostate carcinoma.
{"title":"Prostate Carcinoma: Urologist's Perspective","authors":"Anandan Murugesan, Gowtham S.M","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1782694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782694","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer management has undergone radical changes in recent times, due to early diagnosis in localized stage and availability of multiple treatment modalities. But the onus of selecting appropriate treatment rests with the urologist. Radiological investigations are immensely important in these patients. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen and its derivatives is the primary investigation in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Ultrasonogram is of limited utility in prostate carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging provides extensive information to the treating physician regarding the approach and the treatment modality to be used in the management of prostate carcinoma. Radiological investigations are the cornerstones for efficient management of prostate carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"77 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gowtham S Mahadevan, V. Arunachalam, S. Rajasekaran, Ravindar Kashyap, Kannan Gunasekaran, Suruthi Thirumoorthi
Prostate imaging is indispensable for the diagnosis and management of prostatic carcinoma and other prostate lesions. Understanding imaging anatomy is the basis for accurate diagnosis and standardized reporting of the prostatic lesions. In this article, we will discuss about general anatomy of the prostate, zonal anatomy, imaging techniques for its assessment, modality specific appearance of different zones of the prostate in detail.
{"title":"Anatomy of the Prostate Gland: Modalities and Techniques for Its Assessment","authors":"Gowtham S Mahadevan, V. Arunachalam, S. Rajasekaran, Ravindar Kashyap, Kannan Gunasekaran, Suruthi Thirumoorthi","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1785197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1785197","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate imaging is indispensable for the diagnosis and management of prostatic carcinoma and other prostate lesions. Understanding imaging anatomy is the basis for accurate diagnosis and standardized reporting of the prostatic lesions. In this article, we will discuss about general anatomy of the prostate, zonal anatomy, imaging techniques for its assessment, modality specific appearance of different zones of the prostate in detail.","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"75 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankur Pandey, Soumyadeep Ghosh, Priyanka Prajapati, Nabih Nakrour, M. Harisinghani
The use of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly improved the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), but there are certain challenges that the reader may face. This review provides an overview of the pitfalls associated with the PI-RADS system for multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI), with suggestions/pearls to help overcome these pitfalls.PI-RADS assessment is hindered by several causes of false positives (FPs) and false negatives (FNs). In addition, there is wide variability in the positive predictive value (PPV) of the PI-RADS system across different centers, highlighting the need for improvement. While the negative predictive value (NPV) for csPCa is generally high, variations exist.This review discusses the pitfalls contributing to FNs, including MRI artifacts, such as susceptibility and motion artifacts. Techniques to optimize image acquisition, such as switching the phase encoding direction and reducing bowel peristalsis, are suggested to mitigate these artifacts. Improper b-value selection for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is another pitfall, emphasizing the importance of using high b-values (≥1,400 s/mm2) to optimize neoplasm detection. Similarly, optimizing window settings to visualize csPCa, correctly positioning the endorectal coil, awareness of rare variants like mucinous adenocarcinoma and cribriform adenocarcinoma, and distinguishing central zone tumors from normal central zone are discussed.This article highlights the common pitfalls causing FPs, such as benign pathologies like prostatitis, granulomatous prostatitis, prostatic abscess, stromal BPH nodules, extruded BPH nodules, and prostatic calcifications. It also discusses the pitfalls related to normal anatomical structures, including the central zone, anterior fibromuscular stroma, thickened surgical capsule, neurovascular bundle, and periprostatic venous plexus. Techniques for carefully evaluating these entities' morphology and distribution of signal abnormalities are described to avoid overdiagnosing these as PCa. The article also addresses the pitfalls related to postintervention changes, including postbiopsy hemorrhage and artifacts caused by the UroLift procedure, while providing recommendations for managing these challenges.Finally, the pitfalls that may be encountered during staging, including evaluation for extraprostatic extension, and pelvic nodal and osseous metastases, are highlighted.
{"title":"Pearls and Pitfalls in Applying PI-RADS 2.1","authors":"Ankur Pandey, Soumyadeep Ghosh, Priyanka Prajapati, Nabih Nakrour, M. Harisinghani","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778636","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly improved the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), but there are certain challenges that the reader may face. This review provides an overview of the pitfalls associated with the PI-RADS system for multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI), with suggestions/pearls to help overcome these pitfalls.PI-RADS assessment is hindered by several causes of false positives (FPs) and false negatives (FNs). In addition, there is wide variability in the positive predictive value (PPV) of the PI-RADS system across different centers, highlighting the need for improvement. While the negative predictive value (NPV) for csPCa is generally high, variations exist.This review discusses the pitfalls contributing to FNs, including MRI artifacts, such as susceptibility and motion artifacts. Techniques to optimize image acquisition, such as switching the phase encoding direction and reducing bowel peristalsis, are suggested to mitigate these artifacts. Improper b-value selection for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is another pitfall, emphasizing the importance of using high b-values (≥1,400 s/mm2) to optimize neoplasm detection. Similarly, optimizing window settings to visualize csPCa, correctly positioning the endorectal coil, awareness of rare variants like mucinous adenocarcinoma and cribriform adenocarcinoma, and distinguishing central zone tumors from normal central zone are discussed.This article highlights the common pitfalls causing FPs, such as benign pathologies like prostatitis, granulomatous prostatitis, prostatic abscess, stromal BPH nodules, extruded BPH nodules, and prostatic calcifications. It also discusses the pitfalls related to normal anatomical structures, including the central zone, anterior fibromuscular stroma, thickened surgical capsule, neurovascular bundle, and periprostatic venous plexus. Techniques for carefully evaluating these entities' morphology and distribution of signal abnormalities are described to avoid overdiagnosing these as PCa. The article also addresses the pitfalls related to postintervention changes, including postbiopsy hemorrhage and artifacts caused by the UroLift procedure, while providing recommendations for managing these challenges.Finally, the pitfalls that may be encountered during staging, including evaluation for extraprostatic extension, and pelvic nodal and osseous metastases, are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"78 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140251680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soumyadeep Ghosh, Daniel B. Rosen, Ankur Pandey, Nabih Nakrour, Priyanka Prajapati, M. Harisinghani, Sophia C. Kamran
Prostate cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating continuous research and innovation in treatment modalities. This review explores the currently employed techniques in radiation dose planning and tumor irradiation in the context of prostate cancer management. In addition, we delve into the nuances of expected posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances within the gland or in the prostate bed, postradiation tumor recurrence, and its mimics.Radiation therapy (RT) has evolved as a cornerstone in prostate cancer treatment, offering both curative and palliative solutions. Recent developments have seen the emergence of advanced techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), allowing for precise targeting of cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.The avoidance of normal tissue dose through more conformal dose distribution as in IMRT or proton therapy, improved imaging modalities as in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and prostate positron emission tomography (PET), interventional separation of critical structures from the prostate target, and many other techniques can greatly reduce the side effects of RT. These advancements enhance treatment efficacy and reduce the risk of side effects, promoting improved patient outcomes.
{"title":"The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Prostate Cancer and Posttreatment Imaging Appearances","authors":"Soumyadeep Ghosh, Daniel B. Rosen, Ankur Pandey, Nabih Nakrour, Priyanka Prajapati, M. Harisinghani, Sophia C. Kamran","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1782203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782203","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer remains a significant global health concern, necessitating continuous research and innovation in treatment modalities. This review explores the currently employed techniques in radiation dose planning and tumor irradiation in the context of prostate cancer management. In addition, we delve into the nuances of expected posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances within the gland or in the prostate bed, postradiation tumor recurrence, and its mimics.Radiation therapy (RT) has evolved as a cornerstone in prostate cancer treatment, offering both curative and palliative solutions. Recent developments have seen the emergence of advanced techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), allowing for precise targeting of cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.The avoidance of normal tissue dose through more conformal dose distribution as in IMRT or proton therapy, improved imaging modalities as in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and prostate positron emission tomography (PET), interventional separation of critical structures from the prostate target, and many other techniques can greatly reduce the side effects of RT. These advancements enhance treatment efficacy and reduce the risk of side effects, promoting improved patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anoop Venkatapura Bylaswamy, Saanida M. P., Devarajan E., Naufal P., Juvaina P.
We present here to you a 75-year-old man who presented with features of lower urinary tract symptoms such as increased frequency and incomplete sense of voiding for 3 months. He did not have any other comorbidities. Clinical examination of the abdomen was normal. On digital rectal examination, grade II fi rm gland and small fi rm nodules in both upper poles were noted. Initially ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis was done, which showed no signi fi cant abnormality except for enlarged prostate gland. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis was done that demonstrated (a) enhancing asymmetric wall thickening involving the proximal sigmoid colon with a nodal mass in the presacral region with a contiguous lytic lesion in the sacrum, (b) multiple perirectal nodes and perirectal fascial thickening, (c) enhancing fi lling defect noted in the inferior mesenteric vein by the nodal deposit — tumor thrombus involving the portal venous system ( ► Fig. 1 ), (d) enhancing fi lling defect noted in the right internal iliac vein and the inferior vena cava, with distension of the veins — tumor thrombus involving the systemic venous system ( ► Fig. 2 ), and (e) liver and lung metastasis. Conclud-ed as an aggressivelesion of neoplastic etiology involving the sigmoid colonwith apresacral nodal deposit, associatedwith transvenous spread
{"title":"A Rare Rendezvous with Carcinoma Sigmoid","authors":"Anoop Venkatapura Bylaswamy, Saanida M. P., Devarajan E., Naufal P., Juvaina P.","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778668","url":null,"abstract":"We present here to you a 75-year-old man who presented with features of lower urinary tract symptoms such as increased frequency and incomplete sense of voiding for 3 months. He did not have any other comorbidities. Clinical examination of the abdomen was normal. On digital rectal examination, grade II fi rm gland and small fi rm nodules in both upper poles were noted. Initially ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis was done, which showed no signi fi cant abnormality except for enlarged prostate gland. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) abdomen and pelvis was done that demonstrated (a) enhancing asymmetric wall thickening involving the proximal sigmoid colon with a nodal mass in the presacral region with a contiguous lytic lesion in the sacrum, (b) multiple perirectal nodes and perirectal fascial thickening, (c) enhancing fi lling defect noted in the inferior mesenteric vein by the nodal deposit — tumor thrombus involving the portal venous system ( ► Fig. 1 ), (d) enhancing fi lling defect noted in the right internal iliac vein and the inferior vena cava, with distension of the veins — tumor thrombus involving the systemic venous system ( ► Fig. 2 ), and (e) liver and lung metastasis. Conclud-ed as an aggressivelesion of neoplastic etiology involving the sigmoid colonwith apresacral nodal deposit, associatedwith transvenous spread","PeriodicalId":52666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology","volume":"31 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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