There is a growing interest in examining of economically important fish species with excellent mariculture potentials in lagoons of coastal states. Members of the family Mugilidae, which are permanent residents in Lagos Lagoon form a mainstay of fish protein source and are potential candidates for such investigations. Length-frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, condition factor and molecular characteristics of two grey mullets, Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinniswere investigated in Lagos Lagoon. A total of 52 samples (26 specimens of each species) of the fish were collected from the Lagos Lagoon. The standard length ranged from 10.0 – 19.2 cm and 12.0 – 18.2 cm for M. cephalus and L. falcipinnis respectively, with corresponding weights of 13.90 – 105.00 g and 36.00-129.00 g respectively. The growth pattern of the species showed negative allometric, b = 0.32 and 0.65 respectively. The condition factors were 1.81 and 2.16 respectively and this meant both species were in good condition.
{"title":"Short communication: Length-frequency distribution, length-weight relationship and condition factor of two grey mullets from Lagos Lagoon","authors":"Soyinka Olufemi Olukolajo, Mutiu Oyekunle Sifau, Oluwagbenga Olanrewaju Olude, Osawe Ashanabode","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.3.25968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.3.25968","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest in examining of economically important fish species with excellent mariculture potentials in lagoons of coastal states. Members of the family Mugilidae, which are permanent residents in Lagos Lagoon form a mainstay of fish protein source and are potential candidates for such investigations. Length-frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, condition factor and molecular characteristics of two grey mullets, Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinniswere investigated in Lagos Lagoon. A total of 52 samples (26 specimens of each species) of the fish were collected from the Lagos Lagoon. The standard length ranged from 10.0 – 19.2 cm and 12.0 – 18.2 cm for M. cephalus and L. falcipinnis respectively, with corresponding weights of 13.90 – 105.00 g and 36.00-129.00 g respectively. The growth pattern of the species showed negative allometric, b = 0.32 and 0.65 respectively. The condition factors were 1.81 and 2.16 respectively and this meant both species were in good condition.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135050739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Pratama, Abdullah Dahlan, Y. Annisa, Raichan Izzati, Muhammad Resthu
Inadequate feed causes low productivity of livestock, which is indicated by a slow rate of development and low body weight. Alternative non-conventional feed ingredients derived from oil palm waste have shown the potential to be used as livestock feed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fiber and ash content of palm fronds fermented with liquid organic supplements. The waste raw material was obtained after grinding the palm fronds and followed by a fermentation process using liquid organic supplements. This process was continued with fiber and ash analysis at the Laboratory of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. A complete randomized design was employed with four treatments using liquid organic supplements at levels of 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, with four replications. The measured parameters were water content, crude fiber, ash, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The results showed that the addition of liquid organic supplements had no significant effect (P0.05) on the levels of crude fiber, ash, NFE, and water content. Among all treatments, the results were observed in the P3 treatment (8%) which had the lowest crude fiber content and ash content, namely 22 ± 0.589 and 3.72 ± 0.112, as well as had the highest NFE and water content of 78.15 ± 0.501 and 57.9 ± 0.304, respectively. This indicated that the use of liquid organic supplements had the potential to improve the quality of oil palm midrib fiber and positively impact animal feed.
{"title":"Fiber and ash content of fermented palm oil fronds using liquid organic supplements as potential feed ingredients for ruminant","authors":"S. M. Pratama, Abdullah Dahlan, Y. Annisa, Raichan Izzati, Muhammad Resthu","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.2.31726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.2.31726","url":null,"abstract":"Inadequate feed causes low productivity of livestock, which is indicated by a slow rate of development and low body weight. Alternative non-conventional feed ingredients derived from oil palm waste have shown the potential to be used as livestock feed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fiber and ash content of palm fronds fermented with liquid organic supplements. The waste raw material was obtained after grinding the palm fronds and followed by a fermentation process using liquid organic supplements. This process was continued with fiber and ash analysis at the Laboratory of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. A complete randomized design was employed with four treatments using liquid organic supplements at levels of 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, with four replications. The measured parameters were water content, crude fiber, ash, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The results showed that the addition of liquid organic supplements had no significant effect (P0.05) on the levels of crude fiber, ash, NFE, and water content. Among all treatments, the results were observed in the P3 treatment (8%) which had the lowest crude fiber content and ash content, namely 22 ± 0.589 and 3.72 ± 0.112, as well as had the highest NFE and water content of 78.15 ± 0.501 and 57.9 ± 0.304, respectively. This indicated that the use of liquid organic supplements had the potential to improve the quality of oil palm midrib fiber and positively impact animal feed.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43904687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gut microbes are involved with many host physiological processes including digestion, metabolism, immune response, gut function and behavior. Among all the factors, diet is being considered the most important one to modulate gut microbiota composition, metabolism and their metabolites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted to the intestinal environment by gut microbes and play an essential role in gut microbe-host communication. This paper aims to review how diet affects gut microbial EVs and its composition as well as how this change further affects host health. This review summarizes the latest research progress of interaction among diet, gut microbial EVs, and host health. Through the microbiota-gut axis, gut microbial EVs involve in many physiological activities, including brain function, metabolism, gut function and immune response. It has been verified that diet composition has direct changes on gut microbial morphology and internal molecules within gut microbial EVs. Overall, studies investigating the effects of diet through gut microbial EVs on host health are very limited. Future research regarding axis of diet-gut microbial EVs-host health is recommended.
{"title":"Diet modulates host health through gut microbiota derived extracellular vesicles: A short review","authors":"Xin Feng, Caiyu Luo, Jianwei Che","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.2.32030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.2.32030","url":null,"abstract":"Gut microbes are involved with many host physiological processes including digestion, metabolism, immune response, gut function and behavior. Among all the factors, diet is being considered the most important one to modulate gut microbiota composition, metabolism and their metabolites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted to the intestinal environment by gut microbes and play an essential role in gut microbe-host communication. This paper aims to review how diet affects gut microbial EVs and its composition as well as how this change further affects host health. This review summarizes the latest research progress of interaction among diet, gut microbial EVs, and host health. Through the microbiota-gut axis, gut microbial EVs involve in many physiological activities, including brain function, metabolism, gut function and immune response. It has been verified that diet composition has direct changes on gut microbial morphology and internal molecules within gut microbial EVs. Overall, studies investigating the effects of diet through gut microbial EVs on host health are very limited. Future research regarding axis of diet-gut microbial EVs-host health is recommended.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Febri Ariyanto, R. Nugroho, R. Aryani, H. Manurung, R. Rudianto
Catfish sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) is one of the aquaculture commodities with great potential to be developed in Indonesia to support the demand for feed. Efforts to reduce dependence on imported feed raw materials for fish feed is continued. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crasspies) leaf which contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins is an alternatif raw material for fish pellet component. This study aimed to determine the addition of fermented water hyacinth leaf meal in fish feed on the growth, survival rate, and blood profile of sangkuriang catfish. In total 150 fish (Average initial weight 5.45 ± 0.02 g) were randomly divided into triplicates of five groups, containing 10 fishes per group. Group one is a control group, P1 (10% of non fermented water hyacinth leaf meal), while P2, P3 and P4 were treatment groups of fish fed with 10 , 15, and 20% fermented water hyacinth leaf meal by Aspergillus niger. At the end of the 42 days of treatment, growth, survival rate, and blood profile of all fish were determined. The results showed that the addition of 10% water hyacinth leaf meal fermented by Aspergillus niger had an effect on the growth of final weight, body weight gain and spesific growth rate (p 0.05) in comparison to all groups. However, the addition of any concentration of water hyacinth leaf meal did not affect on the feed conversion ratio and survival rate value. Further, the addition of water hyacinth leaf meal had a significant effect (p 0.05) on the erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin of fish, but did not show a significant effect on the values of hematocrit and platelets.
{"title":"Effect of Water Hyacinth Leaf Flour (Eichhornia crassipes) Fermented by Aspergillus niger on the Growth, Survival Rate and Blood Profile of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"Febri Ariyanto, R. Nugroho, R. Aryani, H. Manurung, R. Rudianto","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.2.31390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.2.31390","url":null,"abstract":"Catfish sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) is one of the aquaculture commodities with great potential to be developed in Indonesia to support the demand for feed. Efforts to reduce dependence on imported feed raw materials for fish feed is continued. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crasspies) leaf which contains phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins is an alternatif raw material for fish pellet component. This study aimed to determine the addition of fermented water hyacinth leaf meal in fish feed on the growth, survival rate, and blood profile of sangkuriang catfish. In total 150 fish (Average initial weight 5.45 ± 0.02 g) were randomly divided into triplicates of five groups, containing 10 fishes per group. Group one is a control group, P1 (10% of non fermented water hyacinth leaf meal), while P2, P3 and P4 were treatment groups of fish fed with 10 , 15, and 20% fermented water hyacinth leaf meal by Aspergillus niger. At the end of the 42 days of treatment, growth, survival rate, and blood profile of all fish were determined. The results showed that the addition of 10% water hyacinth leaf meal fermented by Aspergillus niger had an effect on the growth of final weight, body weight gain and spesific growth rate (p 0.05) in comparison to all groups. However, the addition of any concentration of water hyacinth leaf meal did not affect on the feed conversion ratio and survival rate value. Further, the addition of water hyacinth leaf meal had a significant effect (p 0.05) on the erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin of fish, but did not show a significant effect on the values of hematocrit and platelets.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41343911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The metabolizable energy (ME) of tropical forages measured by in vivo method in ruminants had a high degree of accuracy but requires a long time and is expensive. One method that can be done is the ME estimation model. The objectives of the present study were carried out to investigate the relationship between tropical forage nutrient content and ME for ruminants as well as determine and validate a model for estimating ME of tropical forage based on nutrient content. A total of 26 forage samples consisting of 14 types of grass and 12 legumes were obtained after data pre-processing or data cleaning and data normalization. Forage samples will be grouped into 3, Grass + Legume (G+L=26), grass (R=14), and legume (L=12). The database used is Crude Protein (CP), Extract Ether (EE), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose as well as ME with in vivo experiments. The initial stage is preprocessing data. Nutrient content and ME were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and followed by multiple linear regression to determine the ME estimation model. However, validated used the mean absolute deviation (MAD), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results showed that there was a significant and highly significantly correlated between nutrient composition and ME in the Grass + Legume, Grass, and Legume groups so it could be used to determine ME. There are 9 regression equations with significance and have high R2 and after being validated with the lowest MAD, RMSE, and MAPE values, three regression equations are obtained with one each for each group Grass + Legume (G+L), Grass (R), and Legumes (L). It is concluded that the regression equation of ME of tropical forage is MER+L = 12.429 – 0.122 ADF for Grass + Legume, EMR = 15.609 – 0.115 NDF for Grass, and EML = 3.726 – 0.186 CP for Legume.
{"title":"Correlation and determination of the Metabolizable Energy (ME) of tropical forage with nutrient content for ruminants","authors":"A. S. Indah, I. Permana, D. Despal","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.2.30543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.2.30543","url":null,"abstract":"The metabolizable energy (ME) of tropical forages measured by in vivo method in ruminants had a high degree of accuracy but requires a long time and is expensive. One method that can be done is the ME estimation model. The objectives of the present study were carried out to investigate the relationship between tropical forage nutrient content and ME for ruminants as well as determine and validate a model for estimating ME of tropical forage based on nutrient content. A total of 26 forage samples consisting of 14 types of grass and 12 legumes were obtained after data pre-processing or data cleaning and data normalization. Forage samples will be grouped into 3, Grass + Legume (G+L=26), grass (R=14), and legume (L=12). The database used is Crude Protein (CP), Extract Ether (EE), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose as well as ME with in vivo experiments. The initial stage is preprocessing data. Nutrient content and ME were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and followed by multiple linear regression to determine the ME estimation model. However, validated used the mean absolute deviation (MAD), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results showed that there was a significant and highly significantly correlated between nutrient composition and ME in the Grass + Legume, Grass, and Legume groups so it could be used to determine ME. There are 9 regression equations with significance and have high R2 and after being validated with the lowest MAD, RMSE, and MAPE values, three regression equations are obtained with one each for each group Grass + Legume (G+L), Grass (R), and Legumes (L). It is concluded that the regression equation of ME of tropical forage is MER+L = 12.429 – 0.122 ADF for Grass + Legume, EMR = 15.609 – 0.115 NDF for Grass, and EML = 3.726 – 0.186 CP for Legume.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45575059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River are not fully known. This study was aimed to determine the length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted 10 months from May 2016 to February 2017 in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. Pokea clams are collected using a shovel. The length and weight of each clam was using calipers and analytical scales with accuracy of 0.05 mm and 0.01 g, respectively. The weight of the shell and dried meat was obtained by drying the shells first using an oven and weighing using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g and 0.0001 g, respectively. The results showed that the relationship between length and weight of pokea clams in males and females were 2.61 and 2.78, respectively; with R2 values of 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. The highest b values for males and females were found in July with values of 3.03 and 2.94, respectively. The lowest b value was found in November with values of 2.45 and 2.46, respectively. The condition index values for males and females were 4.7 ± 2.2 and 5.17 ± 2.32, respectively. The highest condition index was found in May with values of 6.00 ± 3.07 and 7.83 ± 2.55, respectively. The condition index values for males and females increased with increasing shell size. Male and female at the largest size (6.01-6.05 cm) had the highest index with values of 8.05 ± 6.41 and 9.12 ± 3.38, respectively. In conclusions, the growth was negative allometric pattern, condition index was in fat category, and had peak spawning in July and experienced partial spawning in September-February.
{"title":"Length-weight relationships and condition index of Pokea clams (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897) in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"B. Bahtiar, M. N. Findra, E. Ishak","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.2.30994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.2.30994","url":null,"abstract":"The length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River are not fully known. This study was aimed to determine the length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted 10 months from May 2016 to February 2017 in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. Pokea clams are collected using a shovel. The length and weight of each clam was using calipers and analytical scales with accuracy of 0.05 mm and 0.01 g, respectively. The weight of the shell and dried meat was obtained by drying the shells first using an oven and weighing using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g and 0.0001 g, respectively. The results showed that the relationship between length and weight of pokea clams in males and females were 2.61 and 2.78, respectively; with R2 values of 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. The highest b values for males and females were found in July with values of 3.03 and 2.94, respectively. The lowest b value was found in November with values of 2.45 and 2.46, respectively. The condition index values for males and females were 4.7 ± 2.2 and 5.17 ± 2.32, respectively. The highest condition index was found in May with values of 6.00 ± 3.07 and 7.83 ± 2.55, respectively. The condition index values for males and females increased with increasing shell size. Male and female at the largest size (6.01-6.05 cm) had the highest index with values of 8.05 ± 6.41 and 9.12 ± 3.38, respectively. In conclusions, the growth was negative allometric pattern, condition index was in fat category, and had peak spawning in July and experienced partial spawning in September-February.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45318204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth pattern and DNA yield and purity of Bulinus. globosus from River Wudil, Kano State, were investigated using standard methods. The mean ranges in mm from 7.9±2.9, 5.7±2.5, 4.8±1.8, 3.4±1.2, 1.5±0.2, 1.6 ± 0.0, 2.4 ± 0.2, 1.2 ± 0.1, 1.4 ± 0.1, 65.8 ± 1.9 and 22.2 ± 0.4 were recorded for length, width, aperture height, aperture width, height width ratio, height and aperture height ratio, height and aperture width ratio, width and aperture height ratio, aperture height and aperture width ratio, shell weight and flesh weight. About 33.7 % of weight of the snail is made up of flesh by weight. The value of “b” showed that B. globosus exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern while the correlation coefficient (r) in all the shell variables were below 1, indicating a weak correlation between the parameters. Mean DNA yield and purity were 120.03 ± 5.10 ng/µl and 1.81 ± 1.21. The DNA yield in this study is well above the minimum standard and the pure extracts are good enough for further DNA analyses.
{"title":"Growth dimension and DNA analysis of Bulinus snail from River Wudil, Kano State Nigeria","authors":"R. Moruf, Halimah Muhammad","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.2.30583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.2.30583","url":null,"abstract":"The growth pattern and DNA yield and purity of Bulinus. globosus from River Wudil, Kano State, were investigated using standard methods. The mean ranges in mm from 7.9±2.9, 5.7±2.5, 4.8±1.8, 3.4±1.2, 1.5±0.2, 1.6 ± 0.0, 2.4 ± 0.2, 1.2 ± 0.1, 1.4 ± 0.1, 65.8 ± 1.9 and 22.2 ± 0.4 were recorded for length, width, aperture height, aperture width, height width ratio, height and aperture height ratio, height and aperture width ratio, width and aperture height ratio, aperture height and aperture width ratio, shell weight and flesh weight. About 33.7 % of weight of the snail is made up of flesh by weight. The value of “b” showed that B. globosus exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern while the correlation coefficient (r) in all the shell variables were below 1, indicating a weak correlation between the parameters. Mean DNA yield and purity were 120.03 ± 5.10 ng/µl and 1.81 ± 1.21. The DNA yield in this study is well above the minimum standard and the pure extracts are good enough for further DNA analyses.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42973332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High cost of feedstuff especially maize and its major contribution of energy source between man and livestock. The study assessed the effect of yam tuber waste meal on broiler bird performance and as an alternative kitchen garbage waste. Specific objectives determined the growth performances, carcass parameters and cost benefits. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 220day old broiler chicks (mixed sexes) of Agric-tech were selected for the study. The diets consist of Diet 1 = 44% maize and 0% yam tuber waste meal, Diet 2 = 32% maize and 12% yam tuber waste meal, Diet 3 = 22% maize and 22% yam tuber waste meal and Diet 4 = 12% maize and 32% yam tuber waste meal, where palm kernel cake, wheat offal, soybean meal, local fish meal, limestone, vitamin premix, lysine, methionine and salt were used to balance the diets. The feed intake was measured daily, while the weight gain, feed efficiency, efficiency of feed utilization, cost benefits and feed conversion ratio were calculated at the end of the study. The result of the weight gain, the efficiency of feed utilization, feed conversion ratio and average daily weight gain had the same significance level (p0.05) on Diets 3 and 4, respectively, higher than those fed to the other Diets. While the total feed intake and cost benefits analysis showed significance (p0.05) among each other, the average daily feed intake and feed efficiency were not significant (p0.05) among treatments. The dress percentage, dress weight and liveweight were significant (p0.05) across the treatments. Conclusively, using yam tuber waste meal in replacement for maize in broiler diets revealed no adverse effect; and could serve as an alternative for kitchen garbage waste. The study, therefore, recommends that; yam tuber waste meal be included at 22 – 32% in broiler diets without deleterious effects in all parameters studied.
{"title":"Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) tuber waste as feed for poultry production: An alternative kitchen garbage waste management","authors":"N. M. Anigbogu, Amen Nalph Ononuju, C. A. Agida","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.1.25822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.1.25822","url":null,"abstract":"High cost of feedstuff especially maize and its major contribution of energy source between man and livestock. The study assessed the effect of yam tuber waste meal on broiler bird performance and as an alternative kitchen garbage waste. Specific objectives determined the growth performances, carcass parameters and cost benefits. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. A total of 220day old broiler chicks (mixed sexes) of Agric-tech were selected for the study. The diets consist of Diet 1 = 44% maize and 0% yam tuber waste meal, Diet 2 = 32% maize and 12% yam tuber waste meal, Diet 3 = 22% maize and 22% yam tuber waste meal and Diet 4 = 12% maize and 32% yam tuber waste meal, where palm kernel cake, wheat offal, soybean meal, local fish meal, limestone, vitamin premix, lysine, methionine and salt were used to balance the diets. The feed intake was measured daily, while the weight gain, feed efficiency, efficiency of feed utilization, cost benefits and feed conversion ratio were calculated at the end of the study. The result of the weight gain, the efficiency of feed utilization, feed conversion ratio and average daily weight gain had the same significance level (p0.05) on Diets 3 and 4, respectively, higher than those fed to the other Diets. While the total feed intake and cost benefits analysis showed significance (p0.05) among each other, the average daily feed intake and feed efficiency were not significant (p0.05) among treatments. The dress percentage, dress weight and liveweight were significant (p0.05) across the treatments. Conclusively, using yam tuber waste meal in replacement for maize in broiler diets revealed no adverse effect; and could serve as an alternative for kitchen garbage waste. The study, therefore, recommends that; yam tuber waste meal be included at 22 – 32% in broiler diets without deleterious effects in all parameters studied.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45657241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing use of synthetic antimicrobials has created a situation leading to a pond ecological imbalance and enrichment of multiple multi-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of spices and natural preservatives using a mixture of Onion Bulb (OB), Holy Basil (HB) and Turmeric Rhizome (TR) on shelf–life, flesh and microbial quality of smoked Clarias gariepinus during 56 days storage. Spices were added at the point of processing with five treatments of 8 fresh C. gariepinus (1.2-2kg) were distributed into experimental containers; the control (without Onion Bulb, Holy Basil and Turmeric Rhizome), (TR + OB)2, (TR+ HB)3, (OB +HB)4, (TR + OB + HB)5 and the experiment were carried out in triplicates. Clarias gariepinus were smoked in a smoking kiln at 40ºC- 60ºC and 120-150ºC for 6 and 18 hours respectively. Proximate composition, biochemical parameters, organoleptic assessment, and microbial analysis were carried out using standard methods. The result showed that the crude protein of C. gariepinus was higher in the treated groups compared to the control. Also, the result shows that the biochemical parameters, organoleptic assessment and the microbial loads in smoked C. gariepinus were reduced in the treated groups than in the control at 1 day, 28 days and 56 days storage respectively. The results indicated that using onion bulb, holy basil, and turmeric rhizome in combination may be useful in improving the shelf life, consumer acceptability of smoked C. gariepinus and preventing bacteria pathogens in smoked C. gariepinus.Keywords: Catfish, Onion Bulb, Holy Basil, Microbial Loads, Turmeric Rhizome
{"title":"Impacts of combination of onion bulb, holy basil and turmeric rhizome on shelf- life, flesh and microbial quality of smoked Clarias gariepinus","authors":"S. Olusola, Toyosi Elizabeth Martins","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.1.26906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.1.26906","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of synthetic antimicrobials has created a situation leading to a pond ecological imbalance and enrichment of multiple multi-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of spices and natural preservatives using a mixture of Onion Bulb (OB), Holy Basil (HB) and Turmeric Rhizome (TR) on shelf–life, flesh and microbial quality of smoked Clarias gariepinus during 56 days storage. Spices were added at the point of processing with five treatments of 8 fresh C. gariepinus (1.2-2kg) were distributed into experimental containers; the control (without Onion Bulb, Holy Basil and Turmeric Rhizome), (TR + OB)2, (TR+ HB)3, (OB +HB)4, (TR + OB + HB)5 and the experiment were carried out in triplicates. Clarias gariepinus were smoked in a smoking kiln at 40ºC- 60ºC and 120-150ºC for 6 and 18 hours respectively. Proximate composition, biochemical parameters, organoleptic assessment, and microbial analysis were carried out using standard methods. The result showed that the crude protein of C. gariepinus was higher in the treated groups compared to the control. Also, the result shows that the biochemical parameters, organoleptic assessment and the microbial loads in smoked C. gariepinus were reduced in the treated groups than in the control at 1 day, 28 days and 56 days storage respectively. The results indicated that using onion bulb, holy basil, and turmeric rhizome in combination may be useful in improving the shelf life, consumer acceptability of smoked C. gariepinus and preventing bacteria pathogens in smoked C. gariepinus.Keywords: Catfish, Onion Bulb, Holy Basil, Microbial Loads, Turmeric Rhizome","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":"109 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41277477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Akinsorotan, A. Iyiola, Femi Peter Omotosho, Oyindamola Oluwaseun Adejayi, F. A. Adesoye
Heavy metals were determined in samples of fish tissues, soil, and water from nine randomly selected fish farms based on production facility (earthen pond) in the Ekiti Central (EC), Ekiti North (EN) and Ekiti South (ES) senatorial districts of Ekiti state. Fresh fish samples were collected and tissues from the dorsal area were used for analysis. Soil samples were collected using a soil auger, air-dried and stored in a sterile and well-labeled polythene bag. The water samples were collected using sterile bottles (2L) and labeled. After digestion of samples, Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Co), Chromium (Ch), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The levels of Co, Cd and Pb which are disastrous to fish species were observed to be elevated while Zn and Cu were observed to accumulate in the fish tissues. It was revealed that the heavy metals concentration across the districts was higher when compared with recommended standards. This suggests a dire need for intervention in controlling water pollution which is posed by anthropogenic activities in the state. It is recommended that there should be a reduction in the use of chemicals with high concentrations of heavy metals which is a significant source of pollution in the environment.
{"title":"Assessment of heavy metals in water, fish tissues and soil from selected fish farms in Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"A. M. Akinsorotan, A. Iyiola, Femi Peter Omotosho, Oyindamola Oluwaseun Adejayi, F. A. Adesoye","doi":"10.13170/ajas.8.1.27520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13170/ajas.8.1.27520","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals were determined in samples of fish tissues, soil, and water from nine randomly selected fish farms based on production facility (earthen pond) in the Ekiti Central (EC), Ekiti North (EN) and Ekiti South (ES) senatorial districts of Ekiti state. Fresh fish samples were collected and tissues from the dorsal area were used for analysis. Soil samples were collected using a soil auger, air-dried and stored in a sterile and well-labeled polythene bag. The water samples were collected using sterile bottles (2L) and labeled. After digestion of samples, Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Co), Chromium (Ch), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The levels of Co, Cd and Pb which are disastrous to fish species were observed to be elevated while Zn and Cu were observed to accumulate in the fish tissues. It was revealed that the heavy metals concentration across the districts was higher when compared with recommended standards. This suggests a dire need for intervention in controlling water pollution which is posed by anthropogenic activities in the state. It is recommended that there should be a reduction in the use of chemicals with high concentrations of heavy metals which is a significant source of pollution in the environment.","PeriodicalId":52680,"journal":{"name":"Aceh Journal of Animal Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46229589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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