Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/FPED.2014.3.1.6
M. Dudek
In multiculturalism, “exit”, or to be more precise, “right to exit” is very often thought of in terms of a condition of state’s non-interference in the minority groups. However popular, this account seems to be flawed with a number of controversial assumptions, questionable theoretical and practical implications and can lead to significant paradoxes. First of all, treating “exit” as a state’s non-interventionism condition also means that in fact representatives of minority groups should actually leave their communities in order to obtain all of the civil rights and liberties – be treated as “full”, not “partial” citizens. Various other problems connected with this account (i.a. the issue of general function of “right to exit” and civil rights and liberties or mutual relations between these two categories) presented and discussed in the paper justify a proposal of change of approach towards concept of “exit”. Either one should take really seriously the assumed normative character of it and construct a whole separate theory of “right to exit” from scratch, or maybe one should simply stop treating leaving one’s oppressive culture in terms of “right” or “freedom” and understand it only in descriptive manner.
{"title":"Krytycznie o „wyjściu”","authors":"M. Dudek","doi":"10.14746/FPED.2014.3.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/FPED.2014.3.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"In multiculturalism, “exit”, or to be more precise, “right to exit” is very often thought of in terms of a condition of state’s non-interference in the minority groups. However popular, this account seems to be flawed with a number of controversial assumptions, questionable theoretical and practical implications and can lead to significant paradoxes. First of all, treating “exit” as a state’s non-interventionism condition also means that in fact representatives of minority groups should actually leave their communities in order to obtain all of the civil rights and liberties – be treated as “full”, not “partial” citizens. Various other problems connected with this account (i.a. the issue of general function of “right to exit” and civil rights and liberties or mutual relations between these two categories) presented and discussed in the paper justify a proposal of change of approach towards concept of “exit”. Either one should take really seriously the assumed normative character of it and construct a whole separate theory of “right to exit” from scratch, or maybe one should simply stop treating leaving one’s oppressive culture in terms of “right” or “freedom” and understand it only in descriptive manner.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44621746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/FPED.2014.3.2.14
K. Romesh
The article attempts to illuminate the ethical perspectives of Buddhism (dividing into four sections) by exploring the true nature of moral elements, which form the foundation of Buddhist philosophy. The ethical concerns of Buddhism give more emphasis on renunciation and a selfless attitude towards constructive and spiritual moral development. All its concerns are related with the problem of human suffering. Only human being’s sincere effort can remove human suffering and can attain to a life totally free from all miserable conditions. Human being is enough to become master of all. To understand our action and conduct in every phase of our life is the core element of Buddhist moral principles. Buddhism is a system found wholly characterized by the ethical principle seeking the meaning of life in life itself. It is mainly based on the ethical way of living and prescribes rigorous codes to promote the living of a virtuous life.
{"title":"Moral Elements in the Ethical Code of Buddhism","authors":"K. Romesh","doi":"10.14746/FPED.2014.3.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/FPED.2014.3.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to illuminate the ethical perspectives of Buddhism (dividing into four sections) by exploring the true nature of moral elements, which form the foundation of Buddhist philosophy. The ethical concerns of Buddhism give more emphasis on renunciation and a selfless attitude towards constructive and spiritual moral development. All its concerns are related with the problem of human suffering. Only human being’s sincere effort can remove human suffering and can attain to a life totally free from all miserable conditions. Human being is enough to become master of all. To understand our action and conduct in every phase of our life is the core element of Buddhist moral principles. Buddhism is a system found wholly characterized by the ethical principle seeking the meaning of life in life itself. It is mainly based on the ethical way of living and prescribes rigorous codes to promote the living of a virtuous life.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42070970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/fped.2013.2.2.14
Ofer Raban
This article reviews key aspects of the theoretical debate on the distinction between bright-line rules framed in clear and determinate language and vague legal standards. It is generally believed that legal rules provide more certainty and predictability, while legal standards afford flexibility, accommodate equitable solutions, and allow for a more informed development of the law. Furthermore, the article seeks to refute the idea that bright-line rules are superior to vague standards in regard to certainty and predictability. In first section, the author articulates the claims that legal certainty and predictability are essential for both capitalism and liberalism, and that these systems of economic and political organization therefore require legal rules framed in clear and determinate language. Second section undertakes a critical valuation of that claim and argues that, oftentimes, the best-drafted clear and determinate rules would result in less certainty than alternative vague and indeterminate standards. Third section provides explanations why things are so, arguing that the law is but one of many normative systems; that competing economic, social, and moral standards are often couched in vague and indeterminate terms; and that many of these standards cannot be reduced to clear and determinate rules. As conclusion author pointed out on the extensive use of vague legal standards that with no doubt harbors dangers. Vague standards can easily mask arbitrariness, inconsistency, and injustice, and can also generate uncertainty. their proper use requires good faith, professionalism, and intelligence, and therefore depends on a high caliber legal profession.
{"title":"Mit pewności prawnej, czyli dlaczego nieprecyzyjne standardy prawne mogą być lepsze dla kapitalizmu i liberalizmu","authors":"Ofer Raban","doi":"10.14746/fped.2013.2.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/fped.2013.2.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews key aspects of the theoretical debate on the distinction between bright-line rules framed in clear and determinate language and vague legal standards. It is generally believed that legal rules provide more certainty and predictability, while legal standards afford flexibility, accommodate equitable solutions, and allow for a more informed development of the law. Furthermore, the article seeks to refute the idea that bright-line rules are superior to vague standards in regard to certainty and predictability. In first section, the author articulates the claims that legal certainty and predictability are essential for both capitalism and liberalism, and that these systems of economic and political organization therefore require legal rules framed in clear and determinate language. Second section undertakes a critical valuation of that claim and argues that, oftentimes, the best-drafted clear and determinate rules would result in less certainty than alternative vague and indeterminate standards. Third section provides explanations why things are so, arguing that the law is but one of many normative systems; that competing economic, social, and moral standards are often couched in vague and indeterminate terms; and that many of these standards cannot be reduced to clear and determinate rules. As conclusion author pointed out on the extensive use of vague legal standards that with no doubt harbors dangers. Vague standards can easily mask arbitrariness, inconsistency, and injustice, and can also generate uncertainty. their proper use requires good faith, professionalism, and intelligence, and therefore depends on a high caliber legal profession.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48045395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/fped.2013.2.1.6
T. Wojewódzki
Many problems of contemporary organizations originate in the area of axiology. In management practice, however, the problem of values is often reduced to stimulus-motivation of behavior and does not exceed the paradigm of socio-technical effectiveness. This is why strictly axiological problems are not identified and recognized as axiological but are often referred to in terms of their technical or economic consequences. In result, management practice deals rather with effects than actual causes of experienced problems. From the point of view of methodology of decision-making such state-of-affairs requires intervention. There are at least two ways to recommend changes with respect to such situation. First one, direct way, involves promoting axiological reflection among managers. Second one, the indirect, seeks to stimulate axiological consciousness through management consulting products that are built on essential axiological theory. The following paper focuses on the second of above mentioned ways and discusses particular consulting product called MSE™. On the one hand, the cognitive benefits of application of the MSE™ consist in implementation and validation of theory of integrated humanities in organizational context. Practical benefits, on the other hand, rely on opportunities emerging from MSE™ that allow for diagnosis of intellectual mental infrastructure of contemporary organizations and changes recommendation resulting therefrom.
{"title":"Obszary aksjologiczne we współczesnych organizacjach","authors":"T. Wojewódzki","doi":"10.14746/fped.2013.2.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/fped.2013.2.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Many problems of contemporary organizations originate in the area of axiology. In management practice, however, the problem of values is often reduced to stimulus-motivation of behavior and does not exceed the paradigm of socio-technical effectiveness. This is why strictly axiological problems are not identified and recognized as axiological but are often referred to in terms of their technical or economic consequences. In result, management practice deals rather with effects than actual causes of experienced problems. From the point of view of methodology of decision-making such state-of-affairs requires intervention. There are at least two ways to recommend changes with respect to such situation. First one, direct way, involves promoting axiological reflection among managers. Second one, the indirect, seeks to stimulate axiological consciousness through management consulting products that are built on essential axiological theory. The following paper focuses on the second of above mentioned ways and discusses particular consulting product called MSE™. On the one hand, the cognitive benefits of application of the MSE™ consist in implementation and validation of theory of integrated humanities in organizational context. Practical benefits, on the other hand, rely on opportunities emerging from MSE™ that allow for diagnosis of intellectual mental infrastructure of contemporary organizations and changes recommendation resulting therefrom.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42639195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.27
J. Leszczyński
The article presents the role of values and evaluation practices in Jerzy Wróblewski`s legal theory. An overview of the theory includes here the interpretation and the application of the law, in both of which Wróblewski shows the axiological choices made by a lawyer. These choices are only partly limited by the interpretative directives, those generally accepted in a legal culture. The author of the article describes the two ideologies (normative theories), distinguished by Wroblewski, of the legal interpretation (and of the application of the law), which are contradictory to each other as they refer to opposing values: legal certainty and flexibility of law. A third type of ideology, identified by Wróblewski refers to the value of rationality and tries to mitigate the contradictions of the previous two. Some similarities between Wróblewski`s legal theory and the theory of H.L.A.Hart may allow to treat him as the co-founder of a sophisticated version of legal positivism.
{"title":"Wartości w teorii prawa Jerzego Wróblewskiego","authors":"J. Leszczyński","doi":"10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.27","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the role of values and evaluation practices in Jerzy Wróblewski`s legal theory. An overview of the theory includes here the interpretation and the application of the law, in both of which Wróblewski shows the axiological choices made by a lawyer. These choices are only partly limited by the interpretative directives, those generally accepted in a legal culture. The author of the article describes the two ideologies (normative theories), distinguished by Wroblewski, of the legal interpretation (and of the application of the law), which are contradictory to each other as they refer to opposing values: legal certainty and flexibility of law. A third type of ideology, identified by Wróblewski refers to the value of rationality and tries to mitigate the contradictions of the previous two. Some similarities between Wróblewski`s legal theory and the theory of H.L.A.Hart may allow to treat him as the co-founder of a sophisticated version of legal positivism.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47860476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/FPED.2013.2.1.3
Bartosz Przybył-Ołowski
The new model of philosophical education that functions in Polish schools requires a change. In order to adapt teaching of philosophy to the needs and expectations of students it is necessary to introduce new educational method. Learning should refer to practical problems and solutions using the project method. The use of this method in education of cooperation brings extraordinary effects. Thanks to that students activate themselves socially, they become more aware of the philosophical problems, and independently develop their curiosity about the world.
{"title":"Szkic o edukacji współpracy","authors":"Bartosz Przybył-Ołowski","doi":"10.14746/FPED.2013.2.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/FPED.2013.2.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The new model of philosophical education that functions in Polish schools requires a change. In order to adapt teaching of philosophy to the needs and expectations of students it is necessary to introduce new educational method. Learning should refer to practical problems and solutions using the project method. The use of this method in education of cooperation brings extraordinary effects. Thanks to that students activate themselves socially, they become more aware of the philosophical problems, and independently develop their curiosity about the world.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45976377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/FPED.2013.2.1.2
D. Michałowska
In democratic education should be used special forms and methods of teaching and learning. One of such method is drama, which stimulates creativity and self-expression. The results of the research showed, that drama is an effective teaching and learning method by experience, because it stimulates both the cognitive and affective development. Moreover, teaching through drama helps young people to become receptive to values and to shape their own system of values. Drama with elements of the psychodrama can be simultaneously applied as the method of the democratic education and as the method of upbringing in ethical and philosophical development.
{"title":"Edukacja demokratyczna a kreatywność","authors":"D. Michałowska","doi":"10.14746/FPED.2013.2.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/FPED.2013.2.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In democratic education should be used special forms and methods of teaching and learning. One of such method is drama, which stimulates creativity and self-expression. The results of the research showed, that drama is an effective teaching and learning method by experience, because it stimulates both the cognitive and affective development. Moreover, teaching through drama helps young people to become receptive to values and to shape their own system of values. Drama with elements of the psychodrama can be simultaneously applied as the method of the democratic education and as the method of upbringing in ethical and philosophical development.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43425883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.26
Karol Dobrzeniecki
The article examines to what extend existing philosophy of law and especially natural law doctrine may be applied in the discourse on legitimization of a state fighting terrorism. Since the 9-11 attacks issues of extraordinary threats to public safety occur regularly in scientific discussions among ethics, sociologists, political scientists, security experts. This topic has also became visible in legal science, even in its most unworldly discipline which is philosophy of law. The article is intended to present general tendencies in legal discussions after 9-11 with special reference to aristotelic-tomistic tradition of understanding the notions of common good, the aim of a state and of law.
{"title":"Wojna z terroryzmem a filozofia prawa. Uwagi na marginesie wydarzeń po 11 września 2001 r.","authors":"Karol Dobrzeniecki","doi":"10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.26","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines to what extend existing philosophy of law and especially natural law doctrine may be applied in the discourse on legitimization of a state fighting terrorism. Since the 9-11 attacks issues of extraordinary threats to public safety occur regularly in scientific discussions among ethics, sociologists, political scientists, security experts. This topic has also became visible in legal science, even in its most unworldly discipline which is philosophy of law. The article is intended to present general tendencies in legal discussions after 9-11 with special reference to aristotelic-tomistic tradition of understanding the notions of common good, the aim of a state and of law.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45694919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.15
Magdalena Klauze
Clinical teaching reflects the need to combine theory in the teaching of the law and practical skills. It creates the possibility of „being a lawyer” still at the stage of university education. Currently, legal clinics program was introduced at all Polish law schools – both public and private. The essence of legal clinics is to enable students to acquire the necessary skills in „safe” conditions under the guidance and supervision of the academic teachers. It should be remembered that the aspect of teaching is the primary purpose of the law clinics. This means that regardless of the social mission, the clinics give free legal assistance to poor people, it is as if only „side effect” of the educational process.
{"title":"Kilka słów o klinikach prawa","authors":"Magdalena Klauze","doi":"10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/FPED.2013.2.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical teaching reflects the need to combine theory in the teaching of the law and practical skills. It creates the possibility of „being a lawyer” still at the stage of university education. Currently, legal clinics program was introduced at all Polish law schools – both public and private. The essence of legal clinics is to enable students to acquire the necessary skills in „safe” conditions under the guidance and supervision of the academic teachers. It should be remembered that the aspect of teaching is the primary purpose of the law clinics. This means that regardless of the social mission, the clinics give free legal assistance to poor people, it is as if only „side effect” of the educational process.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49639619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-14DOI: 10.14746/FPED.2014.3.2.24
Paweł Skuczyński
The article reviews a book of Tomasz Barankiewicz „W poszukiwaniu modelu standardów etycznych administracji publicznej w Polsce” published by Wydawnictwo Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego in 2013. The book concerns some important problems in the field of ethics of public administration and the article recommends it to anyone who has interest in professional ethics and public management. The article emphasises the role of ethics in public administration and the pursuit of building a model of public administration ethics. It summarises the content of the book and discusses some theoretical problems connected to the models proposed by author of the book. In particular the relation between moral responsibility and reflexive institutions is being discussed and the dependence of theory of public administration and some political theories as well.
这篇文章回顾了Tomasz Barankiewicz的一本书“W poszukiwaniu modelu standardóW etycznich administracji publicznej W Polsce”，该书由Wydawnictwo Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego于2013年出版。这本书涉及公共行政伦理领域的一些重要问题，文章向任何对职业道德和公共管理感兴趣的人推荐这本书。文章强调了伦理在公共行政中的作用，以及建立公共行政伦理模式的追求。它总结了本书的内容，并讨论了与作者提出的模型相关的一些理论问题。特别是道德责任与反身制度之间的关系，以及公共管理理论和一些政治理论的依赖性。
{"title":"Etyka urzędników czy etyka administracji publicznej? Uwagi na tle książki Tomasza Barankiewicza „W poszukiwaniu modelu standardów etycznych administracji publicznej w Polsce”","authors":"Paweł Skuczyński","doi":"10.14746/FPED.2014.3.2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/FPED.2014.3.2.24","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews a book of Tomasz Barankiewicz „W poszukiwaniu modelu standardów etycznych administracji publicznej w Polsce” published by Wydawnictwo Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego in 2013. The book concerns some important problems in the field of ethics of public administration and the article recommends it to anyone who has interest in professional ethics and public management. The article emphasises the role of ethics in public administration and the pursuit of building a model of public administration ethics. It summarises the content of the book and discusses some theoretical problems connected to the models proposed by author of the book. In particular the relation between moral responsibility and reflexive institutions is being discussed and the dependence of theory of public administration and some political theories as well.","PeriodicalId":52700,"journal":{"name":"Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45477409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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