Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-653-663
T. Mamakhatov, J. M. Mallah
The growing dynamics of relationships amongst Central Asia, Russia and China, and other SCO member states in economic and energy corporations is analyzed. Since the formation of the SCO, there have been tremendous changes in the dispensation of both political and economic forces in the region. The actual terms of the cooperation and the functions of the numerous SCO member states have changed, thus increasing the significance of some member countries while relegating others to minor leading roles. The Central Asian region plays a leading role in the CSO organization itself as a geographical platform for its activities and as one of the worlds leading countries in the global context. First, this course applies to Russia and China. However, Chinas recent record-breaking economic growth has affected relations and cooperation with both the SCO countries and Russia over the past decades. The long history of interaction between Russia and countries of Central Asia and the current economic policy pursued by Сhina in the region has a complex structure of intertwining with each other, making the situation of Russian-Chinas relations paramount in the SCO. The booming economic growth of China leads to the transformation of the world economic space, where the other countries still occupy the leading positions. Foreign countries, fearing economic competition, announced a policy of containing China. The tension in the economic relations of the Central Asia countries and China is growing.
{"title":"The role of the SCO countries in ensuring China’s energy security","authors":"T. Mamakhatov, J. M. Mallah","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-653-663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-653-663","url":null,"abstract":"The growing dynamics of relationships amongst Central Asia, Russia and China, and other SCO member states in economic and energy corporations is analyzed. Since the formation of the SCO, there have been tremendous changes in the dispensation of both political and economic forces in the region. The actual terms of the cooperation and the functions of the numerous SCO member states have changed, thus increasing the significance of some member countries while relegating others to minor leading roles. The Central Asian region plays a leading role in the CSO organization itself as a geographical platform for its activities and as one of the worlds leading countries in the global context. First, this course applies to Russia and China. However, Chinas recent record-breaking economic growth has affected relations and cooperation with both the SCO countries and Russia over the past decades. The long history of interaction between Russia and countries of Central Asia and the current economic policy pursued by Сhina in the region has a complex structure of intertwining with each other, making the situation of Russian-Chinas relations paramount in the SCO. The booming economic growth of China leads to the transformation of the world economic space, where the other countries still occupy the leading positions. Foreign countries, fearing economic competition, announced a policy of containing China. The tension in the economic relations of the Central Asia countries and China is growing.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45247420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-806-813
O. Shuvalova, T. Kreydenko
Doctor of Geography, Professor Irina Alexandrovna Rodionova - recognized specialist in the field of industrial geography. For more than a quarter of a century she gave to work at the Lomonosov Moscow State University and about the same number - work at the Peoples Friendship University of Russia. Her life is full of events and meetings with interesting people. There were also difficulties. It was especially hard for scientific and pedagogical workers in the 1990s, when their work was poorly funded. Specialists did not remain in science, but Irina Alexandrova did not leave it. In the 1990-2000s, many students knew I.A. Rodionova from textbooks. Using them, they entered universities in geographical and economic specialties. 2021 was also a difficult year, when distance learning was introduced. Conferences were also held remotely. Irina Alexandrovna coped with these problems, successfully working both in the teaching and in the scientific field. She generously shares her knowledge and experience with colleagues and students and is the developer of a number of disciplines taught at universities. Under her leadership, 10 dissertations were successfully defended. I.A. Rodionova is the author of more than 400 publications, many of which she published in co-authorship with colleagues and students. She took part and created many textbooks for universities on the geography of industry, economic geography, and is one of the authors of the atlas for the school textbook on geography of grades 10-11. This article - a small fraction of gratitude from colleagues and students in honor of the anniversary of I.A. Rodionova.
{"title":"To the anniversary of Professor, Doctor of Geography Irina Rodionova - a woman who works to make the world a better place","authors":"O. Shuvalova, T. Kreydenko","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-806-813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-806-813","url":null,"abstract":"Doctor of Geography, Professor Irina Alexandrovna Rodionova - recognized specialist in the field of industrial geography. For more than a quarter of a century she gave to work at the Lomonosov Moscow State University and about the same number - work at the Peoples Friendship University of Russia. Her life is full of events and meetings with interesting people. There were also difficulties. It was especially hard for scientific and pedagogical workers in the 1990s, when their work was poorly funded. Specialists did not remain in science, but Irina Alexandrova did not leave it. In the 1990-2000s, many students knew I.A. Rodionova from textbooks. Using them, they entered universities in geographical and economic specialties. 2021 was also a difficult year, when distance learning was introduced. Conferences were also held remotely. Irina Alexandrovna coped with these problems, successfully working both in the teaching and in the scientific field. She generously shares her knowledge and experience with colleagues and students and is the developer of a number of disciplines taught at universities. Under her leadership, 10 dissertations were successfully defended. I.A. Rodionova is the author of more than 400 publications, many of which she published in co-authorship with colleagues and students. She took part and created many textbooks for universities on the geography of industry, economic geography, and is one of the authors of the atlas for the school textbook on geography of grades 10-11. This article - a small fraction of gratitude from colleagues and students in honor of the anniversary of I.A. Rodionova.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44099986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-699-715
S. Revinova, E. A. Ivashchenko
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on all areas of life, including e-commerce. Most experts note a positive effect on e-commerce. E-commerce volume has grown all over the world. At the same time, structural changes took place; consumers changed their behavior and priorities. The purpose of the research is to study the role of e-commerce in China during the period of pandemic restrictions and analyze the statistical and structural changes in e-commerce during the epidemic. Quantitative and qualitative analysis is provided and the prospects for e-commerce in China are identified. When conducting the study, the methods of statistical and comparative analysis were used. The data sources were materials from the National Bureau of Statistics of China and other open sources. To determine the prospects for e-commerce, a model with an additive component was build. The data was deseasonalized, several trend variants were calculated, and the most suitable trend was selected, best approximating the sales data. The analysis showed that China has seen growth in e-commerce during the pandemic, but not as strong as expected. It is noted that before the pandemic, e-commerce grew at a reasonably rapid pace, and the pandemic only accelerated it a little. During the pandemic, those companies that had not previously used the Internet were forced to switch to new sales forms. The epidemic also prompted people to try many new products and services and then develop new consumer habits, which in the long term will continue the growth of e-commerce.
{"title":"E-commerce in China amid COVID-19 pandemic restrictions","authors":"S. Revinova, E. A. Ivashchenko","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-699-715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-699-715","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on all areas of life, including e-commerce. Most experts note a positive effect on e-commerce. E-commerce volume has grown all over the world. At the same time, structural changes took place; consumers changed their behavior and priorities. The purpose of the research is to study the role of e-commerce in China during the period of pandemic restrictions and analyze the statistical and structural changes in e-commerce during the epidemic. Quantitative and qualitative analysis is provided and the prospects for e-commerce in China are identified. When conducting the study, the methods of statistical and comparative analysis were used. The data sources were materials from the National Bureau of Statistics of China and other open sources. To determine the prospects for e-commerce, a model with an additive component was build. The data was deseasonalized, several trend variants were calculated, and the most suitable trend was selected, best approximating the sales data. The analysis showed that China has seen growth in e-commerce during the pandemic, but not as strong as expected. It is noted that before the pandemic, e-commerce grew at a reasonably rapid pace, and the pandemic only accelerated it a little. During the pandemic, those companies that had not previously used the Internet were forced to switch to new sales forms. The epidemic also prompted people to try many new products and services and then develop new consumer habits, which in the long term will continue the growth of e-commerce.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48794239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-1-88-98
S. Balashova, Anastasia A. Abramova
Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden form a group of the Nordic countries, considered welfare states and the global leaders in innovative development. The link between the growth rate of total factor productivity and innovative development, controlling such factors as trade openness and prices volatility in commodity markets, is examined. The econometric analysis results show that the relationship between the level of innovative development and the rate of productivity growth is more robust for the Nordic countries than for the EU countries on average. Features of the national innovation systems and financing of R&D in the Nordic countries and factors contributing to the impact of innovation activity on productivity are highlighted.
{"title":"INNOVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY: THE CASE OF NORDIC COUNTRIES","authors":"S. Balashova, Anastasia A. Abramova","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-1-88-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-1-88-98","url":null,"abstract":"Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden form a group of the Nordic countries, considered welfare states and the global leaders in innovative development. The link between the growth rate of total factor productivity and innovative development, controlling such factors as trade openness and prices volatility in commodity markets, is examined. The econometric analysis results show that the relationship between the level of innovative development and the rate of productivity growth is more robust for the Nordic countries than for the EU countries on average. Features of the national innovation systems and financing of R&D in the Nordic countries and factors contributing to the impact of innovation activity on productivity are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68280158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines China’s foreign economic policy in the developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of the study is to determine what financial and nonfinancial instruments the PRC uses to implement its economic interests in the region. The relevance of the study is due to the increased role of China in the economies of the region, its active investment and lending policy, which in theory can lead to the emergence of “debt traps”, and the spread of “soft power”. To determine the scale of interaction, a general statistical analysis of trade and economic cooperation between the PRC and the countries of the region is provided, and its structure is determined. The institutional framework is studied, for example, the China - Africa Cooperation Forum, and the main instruments which are used to implement the economic interests of the PRC are given, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and investments within its framework, credit policy, assistance in the creation of SEZ, individual elements of “soft power”. The systematization of such instruments makes it possible to assess China’s place in the region in more detail and identify potential risks for developing countries. The implications of the utilization of such instruments in the context of the economic development and economic security of African countries are determined based on the results of the study.
{"title":"Instruments for implementing China's economic interests in the developing countries on the example of Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Danila Yu. Biryukov, Бирюков Данила Юрьевич, Nataliya V. Dyuzheva, Дюжева Наталия Валерьевна","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-426-438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-426-438","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines China’s foreign economic policy in the developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of the study is to determine what financial and nonfinancial instruments the PRC uses to implement its economic interests in the region. The relevance of the study is due to the increased role of China in the economies of the region, its active investment and lending policy, which in theory can lead to the emergence of “debt traps”, and the spread of “soft power”. To determine the scale of interaction, a general statistical analysis of trade and economic cooperation between the PRC and the countries of the region is provided, and its structure is determined. The institutional framework is studied, for example, the China - Africa Cooperation Forum, and the main instruments which are used to implement the economic interests of the PRC are given, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and investments within its framework, credit policy, assistance in the creation of SEZ, individual elements of “soft power”. The systematization of such instruments makes it possible to assess China’s place in the region in more detail and identify potential risks for developing countries. The implications of the utilization of such instruments in the context of the economic development and economic security of African countries are determined based on the results of the study.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"426-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42712363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-1-126-136
Zarema R. Kodzhakova, Коджакова Зарема Рамазановна
Food security is an issue of critical importance for GCC countries. The share of domestic agricultural production remains low, because water supplies and arable land are an extremely scarce resource in the region. These countries currently import most of what they consume and will continue to do so, since national food production is not a viable option. The study reveals the specific characteristics of the food problem of GCC countries and the ways to solve it, which can be used to ensure more optimal food imports. Special attention is paid to investment projects in the food sector of the GCC countries.
{"title":"Food security in the GCC: specific characteristics and solutions","authors":"Zarema R. Kodzhakova, Коджакова Зарема Рамазановна","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-1-126-136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-1-126-136","url":null,"abstract":"Food security is an issue of critical importance for GCC countries. The share of domestic agricultural production remains low, because water supplies and arable land are an extremely scarce resource in the region. These countries currently import most of what they consume and will continue to do so, since national food production is not a viable option. The study reveals the specific characteristics of the food problem of GCC countries and the ways to solve it, which can be used to ensure more optimal food imports. Special attention is paid to investment projects in the food sector of the GCC countries.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-716-738
Giorgi Shiolashvili, Nataliya V. Dyuzheva
The dynamics, structure and characteristics of Georgias foreign trade in services over the past quarter of a century are examined. The features of the Georgias tourism services export, its quantitative and qualitative indicators, as well as the importance of the tourism industry and the export of tourism services for the countrys economy are analyzed. It is concluded that, in fact, only the export of tourism services smooths out the deficit of foreign trade balance of Georgia, and gives to the country the currency earnings from its foreign trade. In the export of tourism services, Georgia is almost completely dependent on the countries of the post-Soviet area, in particular, on the Russian Federation. The current medium-term tourism strategy of Georgia is considered, and the additional recommendations are proposed. In particular, for the development of the countrys tourism industry and for the increasing the export of tourism services, it is recommended to create the stylistic image and event specialization of the regions, and to develop the infrastructure for cheap automobile tourism.
{"title":"Foreign trade in services of Georgia: the role of tourism export","authors":"Giorgi Shiolashvili, Nataliya V. Dyuzheva","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-716-738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-716-738","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics, structure and characteristics of Georgias foreign trade in services over the past quarter of a century are examined. The features of the Georgias tourism services export, its quantitative and qualitative indicators, as well as the importance of the tourism industry and the export of tourism services for the countrys economy are analyzed. It is concluded that, in fact, only the export of tourism services smooths out the deficit of foreign trade balance of Georgia, and gives to the country the currency earnings from its foreign trade. In the export of tourism services, Georgia is almost completely dependent on the countries of the post-Soviet area, in particular, on the Russian Federation. The current medium-term tourism strategy of Georgia is considered, and the additional recommendations are proposed. In particular, for the development of the countrys tourism industry and for the increasing the export of tourism services, it is recommended to create the stylistic image and event specialization of the regions, and to develop the infrastructure for cheap automobile tourism.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49665404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-575-586
M. Reshetnikova, Irina A. Pugacheva
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused irreparable damage to all economies. Coping with the consequences by the leading players in the global economy is only expected. However, the worlds leading organizations have been trumpeting about overcoming the crisis in China. The aim of the research is to analyze the current state of the Chinese economy and answer the question whether it has overcome all the crisis phenomena. As part of the study, the authors analyzed indicators such as GDP, debt level, level of domestic demand, activity in the financial market and the MA market, as well as technological and social policies of China and the structure of trade. For the analysis of quantitative indicators, a combination of comparison and classification methods, media scanning, and crowdsourcing was used. The information base was grounded on annual reference books published by official institutions in Сhina, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, statistical data from international publications devoted to Chinese economy. The analysis showed the presence of trigger situations in the stock market, in the market for innovative investments and the banking sector. The state of the credit system is also a matter of concern. The authors have proven that enthusiastic statements about the rapid recovery of the Chinese economy are more an encouraging myth than a fait accompli. Today, China is only at the beginning of its recovery from the crisis caused by the pandemic. Will it be able to become the locomotive of global economic growth again, as in 2008? The answer to this question remains open.
{"title":"What’s happening to the locomotive of global economy, or The myths about the recovery of China","authors":"M. Reshetnikova, Irina A. Pugacheva","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-575-586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-575-586","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused irreparable damage to all economies. Coping with the consequences by the leading players in the global economy is only expected. However, the worlds leading organizations have been trumpeting about overcoming the crisis in China. The aim of the research is to analyze the current state of the Chinese economy and answer the question whether it has overcome all the crisis phenomena. As part of the study, the authors analyzed indicators such as GDP, debt level, level of domestic demand, activity in the financial market and the MA market, as well as technological and social policies of China and the structure of trade. For the analysis of quantitative indicators, a combination of comparison and classification methods, media scanning, and crowdsourcing was used. The information base was grounded on annual reference books published by official institutions in Сhina, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, statistical data from international publications devoted to Chinese economy. The analysis showed the presence of trigger situations in the stock market, in the market for innovative investments and the banking sector. The state of the credit system is also a matter of concern. The authors have proven that enthusiastic statements about the rapid recovery of the Chinese economy are more an encouraging myth than a fait accompli. Today, China is only at the beginning of its recovery from the crisis caused by the pandemic. Will it be able to become the locomotive of global economic growth again, as in 2008? The answer to this question remains open.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47022804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-238-252
Y. Konovalova, Коновалова Юлия Александровна, Verity-Alexia Liongo Monkisheme, Лионго Монкишеме Верити-Алексиа, S. A. Ushanov, Ушанов Степан Андреевич
Article is dedicated to the determination of key features of the United States participation in the international capital movement on the example of FDI’ outflows and inflows, and confirmation of its heterogeneous nature. Tax reform that has been implemented in the end of 2017 led to the result when USA was deleted of the list of TOP-20 world investors of 2018 (by UNCTAD). The scientific opinion and fears were connected with the forecasts that the tax reform could change the movement of FDI flows back to the USA from foreign countries, especially, and the countries with the low taxes and the most favorable investment regimes. At the same time, it needs to underline that the analysis of U.S. FDI inflows and outflows showed that the negative indicator of U.S. FDI outflow (export) in 2018-2019 was connected with the repatriation of U.S. holding companies’ profits, that were doing business in countries with the most favorable tax and investment regimes. The authors tried to investigate the nature of the American holdings role and the integration of U.S. in to the global system of FDI and capital movement.
{"title":"Features of the American foreign direct investment: the role of the American holdings","authors":"Y. Konovalova, Коновалова Юлия Александровна, Verity-Alexia Liongo Monkisheme, Лионго Монкишеме Верити-Алексиа, S. A. Ushanov, Ушанов Степан Андреевич","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-238-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-238-252","url":null,"abstract":"Article is dedicated to the determination of key features of the United States participation in the international capital movement on the example of FDI’ outflows and inflows, and confirmation of its heterogeneous nature. Tax reform that has been implemented in the end of 2017 led to the result when USA was deleted of the list of TOP-20 world investors of 2018 (by UNCTAD). The scientific opinion and fears were connected with the forecasts that the tax reform could change the movement of FDI flows back to the USA from foreign countries, especially, and the countries with the low taxes and the most favorable investment regimes. At the same time, it needs to underline that the analysis of U.S. FDI inflows and outflows showed that the negative indicator of U.S. FDI outflow (export) in 2018-2019 was connected with the repatriation of U.S. holding companies’ profits, that were doing business in countries with the most favorable tax and investment regimes. The authors tried to investigate the nature of the American holdings role and the integration of U.S. in to the global system of FDI and capital movement.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"238-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44893499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-312-323
Elmira A. Chadaeva, Чадаева Эльмира Айдаровна, Elvis Ojeda Kalluni, Охеда Кальюни Элвис
The article discusses several new laws in the oil and gas sector of Venezuela, which appeared at the beginning of the 21st century. It also presents the tax regimes in this area of the country and the types of tax and economic burdens that apply to these regimes; highlights the main problematic aspects of changes in tax legislation and the consequences on the activities of foreign companies and the development of the oil and gas sector of the country as a result of such changes. It is concluded that the increase in state revenues not solve the problem of attracting investments in the oil and gas sector of the country, and only scare off a large company in the future (Exxon Mobil and ConocoPhillips have left the Venezuelan market), resulting in a fall in production at the country, its government revenues, and then slowing down economic growth in the country. As an alternative approach to improving state regulation and the conduct of the oil business in the country, the options for improving this situation are presented: to increase the share of foreign companies in strategic partnerships; review the tax system for oil companies; allow some programs to be implemented directly by foreign companies; and propose new distribution and profitability schemes that will adapt to the current international hydrocarbon market.
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