Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-750-762
K. Korneev
The paper considers the Japanese economic policy towards the SCO member states, which is built on the basis of Japans long-term interests in the Asian region. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is quite diverse: some countries (India, China) are moving in the high-speed segment of the world economy and have annual GDP growth (excluding the fall in 2020 caused by the pandemic) at the level of 5% or more, while others (for example, Russia) are in the low-speed segment. This forms a different content of Japans foreign economic policy in relation to the individual SCO states, but there are also a number of general trends due to the current structure of Japanese exports/imports. For more than a decade, Japan has been facing a difficult task of overcoming prolonged economic stagnation not only through internal reforms, but also through expanding the borders of its foreign trade activities, and the SCO countries with their capacious domestic markets experiencing a shortage of high-tech products are among the priority areas for Japanese exports. Therefore, the urgent content of Japanese foreign economic policy in the SCO area is of considerable scientific interest.
{"title":"Current trends in Japan’s economic cooperation with the SCO member states","authors":"K. Korneev","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-750-762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-750-762","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the Japanese economic policy towards the SCO member states, which is built on the basis of Japans long-term interests in the Asian region. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is quite diverse: some countries (India, China) are moving in the high-speed segment of the world economy and have annual GDP growth (excluding the fall in 2020 caused by the pandemic) at the level of 5% or more, while others (for example, Russia) are in the low-speed segment. This forms a different content of Japans foreign economic policy in relation to the individual SCO states, but there are also a number of general trends due to the current structure of Japanese exports/imports. For more than a decade, Japan has been facing a difficult task of overcoming prolonged economic stagnation not only through internal reforms, but also through expanding the borders of its foreign trade activities, and the SCO countries with their capacious domestic markets experiencing a shortage of high-tech products are among the priority areas for Japanese exports. Therefore, the urgent content of Japanese foreign economic policy in the SCO area is of considerable scientific interest.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43725662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-338-347
Elizaveta S. Kidun, Кидун Елизавета Сергеевна
There is a duopoly in the global civil aircraft industry. The market for the production of passenger aircraft is mainly divided between companies such as Boeing and Airbus. This work describes the history of the creation and activities of both companies throughout their existence, as well as the trends in their activities today, related to external events. Competition between these companies is quite high and exists due to a number of certain factors. The results of this competition are the position of each of the companies in the market, which is reflected in their production and financial indicators and reflects the overall situation in the market for the production of civil aircraft. Also, this work allows us to identify future trends in the activities of these manufacturers, and, accordingly, the entire industry as a whole.
{"title":"Positions of Boeing and Airbus in the global civil aircraft industry: comparative analysis","authors":"Elizaveta S. Kidun, Кидун Елизавета Сергеевна","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-338-347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-338-347","url":null,"abstract":"There is a duopoly in the global civil aircraft industry. The market for the production of passenger aircraft is mainly divided between companies such as Boeing and Airbus. This work describes the history of the creation and activities of both companies throughout their existence, as well as the trends in their activities today, related to external events. Competition between these companies is quite high and exists due to a number of certain factors. The results of this competition are the position of each of the companies in the market, which is reflected in their production and financial indicators and reflects the overall situation in the market for the production of civil aircraft. Also, this work allows us to identify future trends in the activities of these manufacturers, and, accordingly, the entire industry as a whole.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"338-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45093514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-554-566
Tatiana S. Nenadyshina
At the present stage of the functioning of the multilateral trading system there is an increasing need to find new approaches to the development and facilitation of trade other than the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers. Trade facilitation is the field of activity of many international organizations, it is recognized as an effective tool for promoting economic development and capacity building both at the level of an individual state, and within integration associations and regions, which, due to their geographic location have close political and economic ties. The areas targeted by trade facilitation measures are diverse and have evolved over time. This has led to the fact that the concept of trade facilitation does not have a specific applied characteristic, as well as a generally accepted framework for the implementation of initiatives in this area, which undoubtedly deserves scientific attention. This approaches to interpretation of trade facilitation term in Russian practice are described. Also were hold the analyses of considering term definitions, which were defined by international organizations in accordance with their scope of work and those, which are proposed by scientists. The main approaches to understanding of considering term were exposed, that make possible to characterize the essence and main directions of trade facilitation measures implementation. The feasible economical profits of implementing initiations in field of trade facilitation in framework of international trade both from supply and demand are described. In addition, the main perspectives of trade facilitation measures for different participants of international trade were systematized. In conclusion, defined authors approach for understanding of trade facilitation term concerning the interests of Russia in this sphere. The author identified the most relevant vectors for the implementation of measures to facilitate trade procedures, which reflect the current directions for the implementation of the economic policy of the Russian Federation, as well as ensure the creation and maintenance of a favorable business environment to stimulate the development of foreign economic activity and foreign trade.
{"title":"Trade facilitation: definition and current significance for economic development of Russia","authors":"Tatiana S. Nenadyshina","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-554-566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-554-566","url":null,"abstract":"At the present stage of the functioning of the multilateral trading system there is an increasing need to find new approaches to the development and facilitation of trade other than the reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers. Trade facilitation is the field of activity of many international organizations, it is recognized as an effective tool for promoting economic development and capacity building both at the level of an individual state, and within integration associations and regions, which, due to their geographic location have close political and economic ties. The areas targeted by trade facilitation measures are diverse and have evolved over time. This has led to the fact that the concept of trade facilitation does not have a specific applied characteristic, as well as a generally accepted framework for the implementation of initiatives in this area, which undoubtedly deserves scientific attention. This approaches to interpretation of trade facilitation term in Russian practice are described. Also were hold the analyses of considering term definitions, which were defined by international organizations in accordance with their scope of work and those, which are proposed by scientists. The main approaches to understanding of considering term were exposed, that make possible to characterize the essence and main directions of trade facilitation measures implementation. The feasible economical profits of implementing initiations in field of trade facilitation in framework of international trade both from supply and demand are described. In addition, the main perspectives of trade facilitation measures for different participants of international trade were systematized. In conclusion, defined authors approach for understanding of trade facilitation term concerning the interests of Russia in this sphere. The author identified the most relevant vectors for the implementation of measures to facilitate trade procedures, which reflect the current directions for the implementation of the economic policy of the Russian Federation, as well as ensure the creation and maintenance of a favorable business environment to stimulate the development of foreign economic activity and foreign trade.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41642988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-595-605
O. I. Pavlov, O. Pavlova
It is known that partitioning a society into groups with subsequent averaging in each group decreases the Gini coefficient. The resulting Lorenz function is piecewise linear. This study deals with a natural question: by how much the Gini coefficient could decrease when passing to a piecewise linear Lorenz function? Obtained results are quite illustrative (since they are expressed in terms of the geometric parameters of the polygon Lorenz curve, such as the lengths of its segments and the angles between successive segments) upper bound estimates for the maximum possible change in the Gini coefficient with a restriction on the group shares, or on the difference between the averaged values of the attribute for consecutive groups. It is shown that there exist Lorenz curves with the Gini coefficient arbitrarily close to one, and at the same time with the Gini coefficient of the averaged society arbitrarily close to zero.
{"title":"Group averaging and the Gini deviation","authors":"O. I. Pavlov, O. Pavlova","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-595-605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-595-605","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that partitioning a society into groups with subsequent averaging in each group decreases the Gini coefficient. The resulting Lorenz function is piecewise linear. This study deals with a natural question: by how much the Gini coefficient could decrease when passing to a piecewise linear Lorenz function? Obtained results are quite illustrative (since they are expressed in terms of the geometric parameters of the polygon Lorenz curve, such as the lengths of its segments and the angles between successive segments) upper bound estimates for the maximum possible change in the Gini coefficient with a restriction on the group shares, or on the difference between the averaged values of the attribute for consecutive groups. It is shown that there exist Lorenz curves with the Gini coefficient arbitrarily close to one, and at the same time with the Gini coefficient of the averaged society arbitrarily close to zero.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41438090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-490-501
R. Manshin, Abdul Latif Ghafari
The long-term cooperation between Russia and India in the investment field is analyzed. This cooperation is of great strategic importance not only for the development of these countries, but also for solving problems at the global level. The world is currently undergoing large-scale changes affecting various spheres of public life. On the basis of Russian and Indian statistics, as well as statistics of international organizations, conclusions are drawn about the uneven distribution of foreign direct investment between Russia and India, and their different position in the international movement of capital is indicated. Examples of specific investment projects between TNCs of the two countries are given. Prospects for investment cooperation between the two countries have been substantiated. The purpose of this research is to study investment cooperation between Russia and India. The theoretical basis of the study was the works of Russian and foreign authors, which examine the issues of the socio-economic situation of developing countries, and in particular, the economic development of India and Russian-Indian relations. The work used methods of analysis and comparison of theoretical positions, as well as methods of statistical and analogy, expert assessments. It was found that the most interesting projects for the Indian economy are the extraction of oil and other minerals, construction, trade, and real estate. For Russia, the sphere of manufacturing is of particular investment interest, as well as the sphere of trade and the financial sector.
{"title":"Investment cooperation between Russia and India","authors":"R. Manshin, Abdul Latif Ghafari","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-490-501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-3-490-501","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term cooperation between Russia and India in the investment field is analyzed. This cooperation is of great strategic importance not only for the development of these countries, but also for solving problems at the global level. The world is currently undergoing large-scale changes affecting various spheres of public life. On the basis of Russian and Indian statistics, as well as statistics of international organizations, conclusions are drawn about the uneven distribution of foreign direct investment between Russia and India, and their different position in the international movement of capital is indicated. Examples of specific investment projects between TNCs of the two countries are given. Prospects for investment cooperation between the two countries have been substantiated. The purpose of this research is to study investment cooperation between Russia and India. The theoretical basis of the study was the works of Russian and foreign authors, which examine the issues of the socio-economic situation of developing countries, and in particular, the economic development of India and Russian-Indian relations. The work used methods of analysis and comparison of theoretical positions, as well as methods of statistical and analogy, expert assessments. It was found that the most interesting projects for the Indian economy are the extraction of oil and other minerals, construction, trade, and real estate. For Russia, the sphere of manufacturing is of particular investment interest, as well as the sphere of trade and the financial sector.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43000406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-613-626
A. V. Buniakova, E. Zavyalova
Modern investors and financiers are increasingly considering a wide range of non-financial factors when making investment decisions. ESG investment (investing), which considers environmental (E), social (S) and governance (G) aspects of companies activities, has been gaining momentum for quite a while. At the same time there is no clear definition or understanding of the boundaries of ESG investing now. That explains the relevance of the research with its purpose to examine the essence of the ESG investment concept and the basic features distinguishing it from other kinds of investing. This purpose is fulfilled through the methodology of system analysis, methods of historical and comparative analysis. As a result, the authors concluded that, despite its comprehensive nature and growing relevance, ESG investing cannot be considered an umbrella term for all types of values-based investment. This is due to the concepts semantic emphasis on the three groups of ESG factors, ESG risks and their impact on financial results. Arguably, the growing use of the similar terms ESG investing, sustainable investing and responsible investing reflects the interest of various stakeholders in the characteristic features of these concepts.
{"title":"ESG investment: a new word or a new world?","authors":"A. V. Buniakova, E. Zavyalova","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-613-626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-613-626","url":null,"abstract":"Modern investors and financiers are increasingly considering a wide range of non-financial factors when making investment decisions. ESG investment (investing), which considers environmental (E), social (S) and governance (G) aspects of companies activities, has been gaining momentum for quite a while. At the same time there is no clear definition or understanding of the boundaries of ESG investing now. That explains the relevance of the research with its purpose to examine the essence of the ESG investment concept and the basic features distinguishing it from other kinds of investing. This purpose is fulfilled through the methodology of system analysis, methods of historical and comparative analysis. As a result, the authors concluded that, despite its comprehensive nature and growing relevance, ESG investing cannot be considered an umbrella term for all types of values-based investment. This is due to the concepts semantic emphasis on the three groups of ESG factors, ESG risks and their impact on financial results. Arguably, the growing use of the similar terms ESG investing, sustainable investing and responsible investing reflects the interest of various stakeholders in the characteristic features of these concepts.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45625304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-739-749
I. N. Belova, Mohammed Abduljalil Al-Hamati
Currently, Russia is actively building economic cooperation with the states of the African continent. The state of trade relations between Russia and the countries of North Africa is studied. The dynamics of trade turnover, both in value and in physical volume, the commodity structure of exports and imports, the place of the countries of this region in the Russian export and import of agricultural raw materials and food, the influence of factors that stimulate and hinder trade relations between the countries are analyzed. The importance of the markets of the countries for mutual supplies is substantiated; the problems and prospects of expanding trade relations between these countries in the food sector are identified.
{"title":"Trade relations between Russia and the countries of North Africa in the food sector: state, problems and prospects","authors":"I. N. Belova, Mohammed Abduljalil Al-Hamati","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-739-749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-739-749","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, Russia is actively building economic cooperation with the states of the African continent. The state of trade relations between Russia and the countries of North Africa is studied. The dynamics of trade turnover, both in value and in physical volume, the commodity structure of exports and imports, the place of the countries of this region in the Russian export and import of agricultural raw materials and food, the influence of factors that stimulate and hinder trade relations between the countries are analyzed. The importance of the markets of the countries for mutual supplies is substantiated; the problems and prospects of expanding trade relations between these countries in the food sector are identified.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47458365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-627-652
V. Bessarabov
The research is devoted to the development of a model of institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity. The relevance of the institutional theory is due to the need to create, disseminate and consolidate the rules of the game for the application of the methodology under study. A model of institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity is proposed, the implementation of which is accompanied by the development of a set of interrelated documents aimed at integrating the rules of the game on micro, meso and macro levels. The step-by-step development of documentation formalizes the rules of the game to ensure the economic security of entrepreneurial activity and provides an opportunity for the leaders of the subjects and officials to quickly identify and respond to deviations from the benchmark results. The developed model forms a holistic view of the process of institutionalization of methodology in the context of micro, meso and macro levels, which is based on a clear distinction between formal and informal rules of the game. From the standpoint of practice, the significance of the model is manifested in a clear statement of the stages and results (including draft documents) that must be obtained to achieve economic and social effect with the institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity.
{"title":"Institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of business","authors":"V. Bessarabov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-627-652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-627-652","url":null,"abstract":"The research is devoted to the development of a model of institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity. The relevance of the institutional theory is due to the need to create, disseminate and consolidate the rules of the game for the application of the methodology under study. A model of institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity is proposed, the implementation of which is accompanied by the development of a set of interrelated documents aimed at integrating the rules of the game on micro, meso and macro levels. The step-by-step development of documentation formalizes the rules of the game to ensure the economic security of entrepreneurial activity and provides an opportunity for the leaders of the subjects and officials to quickly identify and respond to deviations from the benchmark results. The developed model forms a holistic view of the process of institutionalization of methodology in the context of micro, meso and macro levels, which is based on a clear distinction between formal and informal rules of the game. From the standpoint of practice, the significance of the model is manifested in a clear statement of the stages and results (including draft documents) that must be obtained to achieve economic and social effect with the institutionalization of the methodology for ensuring the economic security of entrepreneurial activity.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43996073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-673-688
Azamat Valei, Suleiman O. Mamman
With the influx of labor migrants across the globe and developed countries being on the receiving end, countries like the Russian Federation have implemented strict migration policies to check the inflow of these migrants, mainly from low-income countries. However, with theoretical underpin the increase in labor migrants brings about competitiveness in the receiving countries labor market. The current study evaluates whether the Russian labor migration policy promotes competitiveness given the characteristics of labor migrants in Russia. The study carried out panel data analysis for 14 countries within Russian region and an aggregated data from the rest of the world using the non-stationary heterogeneous panel model and estimators of mean group and pooled mean group. The result first presents strong cointegration between wage levels and labor supply (immigrant, emigrants, and native workforce). The result then reveals a negative effect of immigrants inflow and native workforce on wage levels in the short run but a positive effect, in the long run, suggesting that the labor migrants inflow is imperfectly substitutable in the Russian labor market. The result also shows a positive effect of migration policy on wages both in the short and long run, indicating that the strict migration policy can hinder the competitiveness of the labor force in the labor market.
{"title":"Does flexible migration policy spur competitiveness in the labor market? A case of migrants in the Russian Federation","authors":"Azamat Valei, Suleiman O. Mamman","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-673-688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-673-688","url":null,"abstract":"With the influx of labor migrants across the globe and developed countries being on the receiving end, countries like the Russian Federation have implemented strict migration policies to check the inflow of these migrants, mainly from low-income countries. However, with theoretical underpin the increase in labor migrants brings about competitiveness in the receiving countries labor market. The current study evaluates whether the Russian labor migration policy promotes competitiveness given the characteristics of labor migrants in Russia. The study carried out panel data analysis for 14 countries within Russian region and an aggregated data from the rest of the world using the non-stationary heterogeneous panel model and estimators of mean group and pooled mean group. The result first presents strong cointegration between wage levels and labor supply (immigrant, emigrants, and native workforce). The result then reveals a negative effect of immigrants inflow and native workforce on wage levels in the short run but a positive effect, in the long run, suggesting that the labor migrants inflow is imperfectly substitutable in the Russian labor market. The result also shows a positive effect of migration policy on wages both in the short and long run, indicating that the strict migration policy can hinder the competitiveness of the labor force in the labor market.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47626508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-689-698
I. Rezaeinejad
The worlds financial markets faced a new cyberspace phenomenon. Cryptocurrencies are non-tracking by any bank or financial institution or even the state. In a digital transactions system, transactions are registered and encrypted in a general ledger book, the blockchains. Cryptocurrencies have features that make them more useful, especially in international exchange, so it is necessary to determine the advantages and challenges of using them. The study of digital currencies in Irans economy and electronic business is presented. In recent years, the use of cryptocurrencies in Iran has grown. The necessity of public policymaking in facing this emerging phenomenon of economic importance has become more critical due to the transfer, such as decentralized systems, which led to the elimination of intermediate and observer entities. Cryptocurrencies also allow Iranian businesses and governments to direct access the international markets by bypassing sanctions. In this paper, the author first considers the mechanism of cryptocurrencies in the economy and then identifies the Iranian economys challenges and opportunities. In conclusion, cryptocurrencies can allow Iranian entrepreneurs to enter the international arena and international competition. Therefore, it is vital that the government or public organizations raising awareness about cryptocurrencies will also contribute to the prosperity of businesses and prevent criminals from exploiting the conditions.
{"title":"Challenges and opportunities cryptocurrency in Iran economy & e-businesses","authors":"I. Rezaeinejad","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-689-698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-4-689-698","url":null,"abstract":"The worlds financial markets faced a new cyberspace phenomenon. Cryptocurrencies are non-tracking by any bank or financial institution or even the state. In a digital transactions system, transactions are registered and encrypted in a general ledger book, the blockchains. Cryptocurrencies have features that make them more useful, especially in international exchange, so it is necessary to determine the advantages and challenges of using them. The study of digital currencies in Irans economy and electronic business is presented. In recent years, the use of cryptocurrencies in Iran has grown. The necessity of public policymaking in facing this emerging phenomenon of economic importance has become more critical due to the transfer, such as decentralized systems, which led to the elimination of intermediate and observer entities. Cryptocurrencies also allow Iranian businesses and governments to direct access the international markets by bypassing sanctions. In this paper, the author first considers the mechanism of cryptocurrencies in the economy and then identifies the Iranian economys challenges and opportunities. In conclusion, cryptocurrencies can allow Iranian entrepreneurs to enter the international arena and international competition. Therefore, it is vital that the government or public organizations raising awareness about cryptocurrencies will also contribute to the prosperity of businesses and prevent criminals from exploiting the conditions.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44420501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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