Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-330-349
Viktor V. Kovelsky, E. P. Rostova
The research is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of public funding of innovative universities of the Russian Federation that participated in the 5-100 project and have the status of national research universities. Analysis of the spending of taxpayers’ money has always been one of the important elements of federal accounting and control of any state. The 5-100 project itself was an important milestone in the development of Russian universities and in increasing their competitiveness in the international market. Of course, like any significant project with significant funding, “5-100” in all the years of its existence caused a variety of emotions, from complete delight to complete rejection. One of the elements of negative rhetoric was the investment of federal funds for the development of the scientific research of universities. However, during numerous inspections, no significant violations were identified, and the results of the project were found to be satisfactory. At the same time, the authors of this article were interested in exploring the deeper layers of the 5-100 project the relationship between the territorial components and a number of important indicators, such as, for example, publication activity, income from scientific research and a number of others. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the heterogeneity of the ratio of RD results and the volume of budget financing of universities was revealed, and the influence of the territorial factor on the studied indicators was shown. Based on the analysis of eight indicators characterizing the publication activity of university employees and the volume of RD funding, the universities considered in the study are divided into three clusters without considering the territorial feature. The analysis made it possible, among other things, to identify the uneven distribution of budgetary funding for RD. The authors explain this effect by the territorial features of universities, when regional universities receive less funding compared to universities in the Central Federal District and the North-West Federal District. At the same time, not all universities of the Central Federal District and the North-West Federal District are distinguished by a high number of publications in domestic and foreign information and analytical systems of scientific citation. Yet, even with the distribution of funds, which could be more efficient, the significance of the 5-100 project for the development of the higher education system is still great and the current most important projects of the Ministry of Education and Science, such as Priority 2030, continue the best that was in project “5-100”.
{"title":"Assessment of the effectiveness of budget financing of innovative Russian universities","authors":"Viktor V. Kovelsky, E. P. Rostova","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-330-349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-330-349","url":null,"abstract":"The research is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of public funding of innovative universities of the Russian Federation that participated in the 5-100 project and have the status of national research universities. Analysis of the spending of taxpayers’ money has always been one of the important elements of federal accounting and control of any state. The 5-100 project itself was an important milestone in the development of Russian universities and in increasing their competitiveness in the international market. Of course, like any significant project with significant funding, “5-100” in all the years of its existence caused a variety of emotions, from complete delight to complete rejection. One of the elements of negative rhetoric was the investment of federal funds for the development of the scientific research of universities. However, during numerous inspections, no significant violations were identified, and the results of the project were found to be satisfactory. At the same time, the authors of this article were interested in exploring the deeper layers of the 5-100 project the relationship between the territorial components and a number of important indicators, such as, for example, publication activity, income from scientific research and a number of others. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the heterogeneity of the ratio of RD results and the volume of budget financing of universities was revealed, and the influence of the territorial factor on the studied indicators was shown. Based on the analysis of eight indicators characterizing the publication activity of university employees and the volume of RD funding, the universities considered in the study are divided into three clusters without considering the territorial feature. The analysis made it possible, among other things, to identify the uneven distribution of budgetary funding for RD. The authors explain this effect by the territorial features of universities, when regional universities receive less funding compared to universities in the Central Federal District and the North-West Federal District. At the same time, not all universities of the Central Federal District and the North-West Federal District are distinguished by a high number of publications in domestic and foreign information and analytical systems of scientific citation. Yet, even with the distribution of funds, which could be more efficient, the significance of the 5-100 project for the development of the higher education system is still great and the current most important projects of the Ministry of Education and Science, such as Priority 2030, continue the best that was in project “5-100”.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68281262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-282-298
Evgeny N. Smirnov
The purpose of the study was to assess the adaptability of the global financial system to the crisis phenomena observed in recent years in the world economy. In particular, the key financial risks of the development of the global economy and the opportunities for their neutralization were identified, the role and possibilities of monetary policy in overcoming the current unprecedented inflation were shown, and the possibilities of transition to sustainable growth based on curbing inflation on short-, mediumand long-term trends were identified. development of the world economy. A special role in our study was played by the substantiation and development of mechanisms for the rational management of public debt, which plays a fundamental role for a fair recovery of the world economy.
{"title":"Stability of the global financial system as a factor in the post-crisis recovery of the world economy","authors":"Evgeny N. Smirnov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-282-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-282-298","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to assess the adaptability of the global financial system to the crisis phenomena observed in recent years in the world economy. In particular, the key financial risks of the development of the global economy and the opportunities for their neutralization were identified, the role and possibilities of monetary policy in overcoming the current unprecedented inflation were shown, and the possibilities of transition to sustainable growth based on curbing inflation on short-, mediumand long-term trends were identified. development of the world economy. A special role in our study was played by the substantiation and development of mechanisms for the rational management of public debt, which plays a fundamental role for a fair recovery of the world economy.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68281558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-197-210
Aicha Djeghar
According to the latter’s 2022 report, foreign direct investment (FDI) to Africa reached $83 billion in 2021. This increase is due to the proportion of 45 % of the total linked to an intra-company financial transaction in South Africa. In reality, the global integration of Africa does not. Average global economic growth over the past twenty years has not exceeded 2.5 % (UNCTAD 2020). In the continent, globalization continues to be combined with a multitude of cooperation agreements and monetary unions. Globalization is seen as a process where Africa is a rich passive periphery in the hands of the powerful. The African Union recognizes that the plans it has developed have not achieved the expected objectives (Rapport UA 2020). Africa is still not integrated into the global economy. Underdevelopment continues to proliferate in the continent. Faced with this observation, a question arises: how then to boost the economic integration of Africa? This research aims to demonstrate the importance of reviving local development projects, because global integration must first go through African regional integration supported by African states themselves. There are strategic projects of development that could boost Africa’s development. This research aims to express the importance of the trans-Saharan road project in Algeria for regional integration. The method adopted is the descriptive one. We highlight the local riches of the country. The potentialities described in this intervention, constitute a part of the optimal economic environment of the trans-Saharan road. The project starts from the Mediterranean Sea crosses all the Algerian and then Nigerien territory to the Atlantic could be the stimulator that will boost African trade. In the economy of the 21st century, “The Trans-Saharan Highway” project is an opportunity for African and foreign investors to position themselves strategically and then concretize the regional and global integration of Africa.
{"title":"An economic project of regional integration in Africa","authors":"Aicha Djeghar","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-197-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-197-210","url":null,"abstract":"According to the latter’s 2022 report, foreign direct investment (FDI) to Africa reached $83 billion in 2021. This increase is due to the proportion of 45 % of the total linked to an intra-company financial transaction in South Africa. In reality, the global integration of Africa does not. Average global economic growth over the past twenty years has not exceeded 2.5 % (UNCTAD 2020). In the continent, globalization continues to be combined with a multitude of cooperation agreements and monetary unions. Globalization is seen as a process where Africa is a rich passive periphery in the hands of the powerful. The African Union recognizes that the plans it has developed have not achieved the expected objectives (Rapport UA 2020). Africa is still not integrated into the global economy. Underdevelopment continues to proliferate in the continent. Faced with this observation, a question arises: how then to boost the economic integration of Africa? This research aims to demonstrate the importance of reviving local development projects, because global integration must first go through African regional integration supported by African states themselves. There are strategic projects of development that could boost Africa’s development. This research aims to express the importance of the trans-Saharan road project in Algeria for regional integration. The method adopted is the descriptive one. We highlight the local riches of the country. The potentialities described in this intervention, constitute a part of the optimal economic environment of the trans-Saharan road. The project starts from the Mediterranean Sea crosses all the Algerian and then Nigerien territory to the Atlantic could be the stimulator that will boost African trade. In the economy of the 21st century, “The Trans-Saharan Highway” project is an opportunity for African and foreign investors to position themselves strategically and then concretize the regional and global integration of Africa.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68281019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-146-158
Mariya B. Ivanova, Yaroslav A. Glukhov
The countries of South Asia are among the most densely populated on the planet. Active migration processes are observed in the region, which have an impact on the socio-economic development of countries. The statistical data and reports of the International Organization for Migration of the United Nations served as an empirical basis for studying the migration mobility of the population of the countries of South Asia. The study is based on information on the structure of emigration and immigration of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan in absolute and relative terms. For greater clarity, a cartographic method was used: author’s maps were created that reflect the specifics of migration processes in the countries of South Asia in terms of absolute and relative indicators. The scientific base concerning economic and social development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan is systematized. The study revealed the specifics of migration flows in the countries of the region on the basis of statistical information on the emigration and immigration of citizens, calculated in absolute and relative terms. The factors influencing the migration mobility of the population are revealed. A retrospective analysis of migration processes in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan was carried out to identify similar and different features in their history that continue to influence the current migration processes taking place in the region. The reasons for the popularity of India among migrants from neighboring countries of South Asia are substantiated. The influence of the heritage of British India on modern interstate processes in South Asia is shown. The differentiation of intraregional and interregional migration flows in South Asia is analyzed. An assessment is made of the impact of migration processes on the socio-economic development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The characteristics of the current features in the migration situation in the countries of South Asia are formulated.
{"title":"Migration mobility of the population of South Asiа: On the example of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan","authors":"Mariya B. Ivanova, Yaroslav A. Glukhov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-146-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-146-158","url":null,"abstract":"The countries of South Asia are among the most densely populated on the planet. Active migration processes are observed in the region, which have an impact on the socio-economic development of countries. The statistical data and reports of the International Organization for Migration of the United Nations served as an empirical basis for studying the migration mobility of the population of the countries of South Asia. The study is based on information on the structure of emigration and immigration of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan in absolute and relative terms. For greater clarity, a cartographic method was used: author’s maps were created that reflect the specifics of migration processes in the countries of South Asia in terms of absolute and relative indicators. The scientific base concerning economic and social development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan is systematized. The study revealed the specifics of migration flows in the countries of the region on the basis of statistical information on the emigration and immigration of citizens, calculated in absolute and relative terms. The factors influencing the migration mobility of the population are revealed. A retrospective analysis of migration processes in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan was carried out to identify similar and different features in their history that continue to influence the current migration processes taking place in the region. The reasons for the popularity of India among migrants from neighboring countries of South Asia are substantiated. The influence of the heritage of British India on modern interstate processes in South Asia is shown. The differentiation of intraregional and interregional migration flows in South Asia is analyzed. An assessment is made of the impact of migration processes on the socio-economic development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The characteristics of the current features in the migration situation in the countries of South Asia are formulated.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68280327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-107-119
Mikhail S. Veretin
New regulation of the operational risks established by Bank of Russia Regulation No. 744-P dated December 7, 2020 “On the procedure for calculating the amount of operational risk (“Basel III”) creates new opportunities for the banking sector for capital optimization to cover this type of risk. However, in recent years, financial operating losses (the damage from crimes committed in the credit and financial sector in Russia in 2021 exceeded 386 million rubles) confirm the fact that the risk from the realization of risks is more significant. The reasons are wide variety of the operational risks, high dynamics in the detection of new types, as well as their more secretive nature in detection with other risks, which has a sharply negative impact on the security of the bank. Nevertheless, the optimization is impossible without countering threats to economic security. In our opinion, the set conditions are best met by a risk-based internal control system within a particular credit institution. The Basel Committee underpin the need for building an internal control system based on the recognition and assessment of the risks assumed by the bank, and their relationship with the goals set for the credit institution. Thus, risk-based internal control system, which allows timely identification of shortcomings and violations in its activities, as well as prompt response to changes in the internal and external environment to prevent negative results, could provide such countering for the bank.
{"title":"Improving economic security of the commercial banks based on internal control of the operational risk","authors":"Mikhail S. Veretin","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-107-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-107-119","url":null,"abstract":"New regulation of the operational risks established by Bank of Russia Regulation No. 744-P dated December 7, 2020 “On the procedure for calculating the amount of operational risk (“Basel III”) creates new opportunities for the banking sector for capital optimization to cover this type of risk. However, in recent years, financial operating losses (the damage from crimes committed in the credit and financial sector in Russia in 2021 exceeded 386 million rubles) confirm the fact that the risk from the realization of risks is more significant. The reasons are wide variety of the operational risks, high dynamics in the detection of new types, as well as their more secretive nature in detection with other risks, which has a sharply negative impact on the security of the bank. Nevertheless, the optimization is impossible without countering threats to economic security. In our opinion, the set conditions are best met by a risk-based internal control system within a particular credit institution. The Basel Committee underpin the need for building an internal control system based on the recognition and assessment of the risks assumed by the bank, and their relationship with the goals set for the credit institution. Thus, risk-based internal control system, which allows timely identification of shortcomings and violations in its activities, as well as prompt response to changes in the internal and external environment to prevent negative results, could provide such countering for the bank.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68280199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-221-237
N. Volgina, N. Li
Cross-border pharmaceutical value chains are expanding their presence in international production, including in the highly profitable RD link. Leading pharmaceutical companies, known as Big Pharma, are establishing contract relationships with research organizations in many countries around the world, including emerging economies where China plays a very significant role. The purpose of this study is to assess the placement and location of Chinese contract research organizations in the RD links of the international pharmaceutical chain. As a result of the study, the authors came to the following conclusions. The development of the Chinese market can be dated to the beginning of the 2000s, when outsourcing firms for large international pharmaceutical companies began to be created. The Chinese market for contract research organizations has developed at a faster rate compared to the world market. As the key explanations for the rapid development of the Chinese market, the authors highlight the strong state support of the Chinese government, the improvement in the quality of research services provided by Chinese companies, as well as the lower price of these services compared to competitors. Market development relies primarily on the close ties of Chinese contract research organizations with Big Pharma companies. Demand from local Chinese pharmaceutical companies and from foreign affiliates of small and medium-sized of pharmaceutical companies located in China plays an increasing role in stimulating the market for contract research organizations. The rapid development of the Chinese market for contract research organizations has been accompanied by its consolidation and concentration, as well as monopolization in some market subsectors. Market consolidation was also supported by the accelerated pace of MA in pharmaceutical RD amid the pandemic.
{"title":"Location of links in the pharmaceutical value chain in Сhina: the role of contract research organizations","authors":"N. Volgina, N. Li","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-221-237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-221-237","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-border pharmaceutical value chains are expanding their presence in international production, including in the highly profitable RD link. Leading pharmaceutical companies, known as Big Pharma, are establishing contract relationships with research organizations in many countries around the world, including emerging economies where China plays a very significant role. The purpose of this study is to assess the placement and location of Chinese contract research organizations in the RD links of the international pharmaceutical chain. As a result of the study, the authors came to the following conclusions. The development of the Chinese market can be dated to the beginning of the 2000s, when outsourcing firms for large international pharmaceutical companies began to be created. The Chinese market for contract research organizations has developed at a faster rate compared to the world market. As the key explanations for the rapid development of the Chinese market, the authors highlight the strong state support of the Chinese government, the improvement in the quality of research services provided by Chinese companies, as well as the lower price of these services compared to competitors. Market development relies primarily on the close ties of Chinese contract research organizations with Big Pharma companies. Demand from local Chinese pharmaceutical companies and from foreign affiliates of small and medium-sized of pharmaceutical companies located in China plays an increasing role in stimulating the market for contract research organizations. The rapid development of the Chinese market for contract research organizations has been accompanied by its consolidation and concentration, as well as monopolization in some market subsectors. Market consolidation was also supported by the accelerated pace of MA in pharmaceutical RD amid the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68280719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-59-73
D. Zaporozhets
It is possible to ensure the country’s food security only with the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, which, in turn, is impossible without a transition to an innovative way of agricultural development. Consistent implementation of import substitution practices, improving the quality and increasing the volume of products in the long term will allow the domestic agro-industrial complex to reach a new level of its development, it is also possible only with the widespread introduction of innovative technologies and tools, thereby ensuring a high level of competitiveness of domestic agricultural products. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the transformation of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy, which is taking place under the influence of increasing geopolitical risks, which should become a point of growth of the domestic agro-industrial complex, since, as practice shows, any economic crisis is replaced by economic growth subsequently. The aim of the study is to develop and test a methodology for determining the factors of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, based on the technology of data-mining and big-data analysis, and to conduct a subsequent assessment of trends in the identified factors.
{"title":"Innovation and investment support for sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy","authors":"D. Zaporozhets","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-59-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-59-73","url":null,"abstract":"It is possible to ensure the country’s food security only with the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, which, in turn, is impossible without a transition to an innovative way of agricultural development. Consistent implementation of import substitution practices, improving the quality and increasing the volume of products in the long term will allow the domestic agro-industrial complex to reach a new level of its development, it is also possible only with the widespread introduction of innovative technologies and tools, thereby ensuring a high level of competitiveness of domestic agricultural products. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the transformation of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy, which is taking place under the influence of increasing geopolitical risks, which should become a point of growth of the domestic agro-industrial complex, since, as practice shows, any economic crisis is replaced by economic growth subsequently. The aim of the study is to develop and test a methodology for determining the factors of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, based on the technology of data-mining and big-data analysis, and to conduct a subsequent assessment of trends in the identified factors.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68281095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-238-252
Kexin Wang, Y. Solovieva
Since entering the era of bioeconomy, the biotechnology industry economy represented by the bio pharmaceutical industry is leading a new wave of technological revolution. China’s strategic deployment for the bio pharmaceutical industry economy has achieved remarkable results, but there is still a large competitive gap compared with the United States and other biomedical powers. The goal of this article is to study the American biomedical market and find out the gap, so as to provide inspiration for the development of the biomedical industry in China and other countries. The Porter Diamond Model is used to build the theoretical research method analysis framework of the international competitiveness of the bio pharmaceutical industry. Taking the United States as an example, the paper analyzes its competitive advantages in six aspects: the elements of the biomedical industry, the enterprise structure and competition, the demand conditions, the relevant and supporting industries, the government and development opportunities. Based on this, the paper puts forward policy recommendations conclusions for China’s development of the bio pharmaceutical industry, so as to provide reference value for the development of the pharmaceutical industry.
{"title":"Analysis of the competitiveness of the biological pharmaceutical industry on the example of the United States","authors":"Kexin Wang, Y. Solovieva","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-238-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-238-252","url":null,"abstract":"Since entering the era of bioeconomy, the biotechnology industry economy represented by the bio pharmaceutical industry is leading a new wave of technological revolution. China’s strategic deployment for the bio pharmaceutical industry economy has achieved remarkable results, but there is still a large competitive gap compared with the United States and other biomedical powers. The goal of this article is to study the American biomedical market and find out the gap, so as to provide inspiration for the development of the biomedical industry in China and other countries. The Porter Diamond Model is used to build the theoretical research method analysis framework of the international competitiveness of the bio pharmaceutical industry. Taking the United States as an example, the paper analyzes its competitive advantages in six aspects: the elements of the biomedical industry, the enterprise structure and competition, the demand conditions, the relevant and supporting industries, the government and development opportunities. Based on this, the paper puts forward policy recommendations conclusions for China’s development of the bio pharmaceutical industry, so as to provide reference value for the development of the pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68280781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-268-281
R. Manshin, Siqi Xu
In order to develop cross-border circulation of goods and people, the authorities of a country or region can take various measures aimed at creating favorable conditions for crossborder exchange and reducing barriers and restrictions that impede its development. The article explores the mechanisms of cross-border cooperation and proposes a new grouping of them. The author made an attempt to develop a new methodological approach to modeling the development of commodity exchange in the border regions, based on the development of two complementary models - descriptive and prescriptive type. The peculiarity of the author’s approach is to distinguish between target impacts on the result and the “natural” trend in the development of commodity flows and assess the impact of the consequences of target impacts. The proposed descriptive model makes it possible to identify and explain the determinants of the advance or lag in the growth rates of the region’s import-export operations in comparison with the growth rates of the gross regional product. In the descriptive model, there are no estimated indicators that would reflect the level of administrative, logistical, and other barriers in the trade and economic relations of the border regions. To overcome this shortcoming, in combination with the first model, the author proposes to use another model - a normative one, in which the same estimated indicator is chosen as two factor indicators - an aggregated indicator of barriers to cross-border turnover. The idea is that the “height of the barriers” should be measured separately - on each side of the common border of the two border regions. The use of two models in combination allows a better understanding of the reasons for the change in indicators of cross-border transactions in the region. On this basis, decision makers can develop and implement a “road map” to reduce administrative, bureaucratic barriers at border checkpoints.
{"title":"Development of border regions economic interaction: mechanisms and models","authors":"R. Manshin, Siqi Xu","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-268-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-268-281","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop cross-border circulation of goods and people, the authorities of a country or region can take various measures aimed at creating favorable conditions for crossborder exchange and reducing barriers and restrictions that impede its development. The article explores the mechanisms of cross-border cooperation and proposes a new grouping of them. The author made an attempt to develop a new methodological approach to modeling the development of commodity exchange in the border regions, based on the development of two complementary models - descriptive and prescriptive type. The peculiarity of the author’s approach is to distinguish between target impacts on the result and the “natural” trend in the development of commodity flows and assess the impact of the consequences of target impacts. The proposed descriptive model makes it possible to identify and explain the determinants of the advance or lag in the growth rates of the region’s import-export operations in comparison with the growth rates of the gross regional product. In the descriptive model, there are no estimated indicators that would reflect the level of administrative, logistical, and other barriers in the trade and economic relations of the border regions. To overcome this shortcoming, in combination with the first model, the author proposes to use another model - a normative one, in which the same estimated indicator is chosen as two factor indicators - an aggregated indicator of barriers to cross-border turnover. The idea is that the “height of the barriers” should be measured separately - on each side of the common border of the two border regions. The use of two models in combination allows a better understanding of the reasons for the change in indicators of cross-border transactions in the region. On this basis, decision makers can develop and implement a “road map” to reduce administrative, bureaucratic barriers at border checkpoints.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68280923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-49-58
M. M. Kulumbegov
The collapse of the USSR led not only to the formation of 15 independent republics, the emergence of the CIS, but also to the rupture of those complex long-term stable cooperative ties between the countries that have been formed and developed for more than half a century. The manufacturing industry, as in many countries, accounts for a large share in the structure of the Russian gross domestic product: according to Rosstat, in 2020, the weight of manufacturing industries in the output structure was 26 %. One of the most significant types of production is the production of equipment for the dairy industry. In this regard, the authors raised the question of the level of development of this industry in Russia and its indicators. Currently, the Russian dairy industry is one of the industries with a high share of imported equipment, which is about 70 %. The purpose of the study is to identify and prove that, despite the high degree of dependence on imports, this category of products is also produced by domestic enterprises, which, respectively, account for about 30 %. Basically, Russian manufacturers of equipment for the dairy industry satisfy the demand of small and medium-sized businesses, while the demands of large businesses are replenished by imports. The authors analyzed the financial condition and efficiency of dairy machinery enterprises using the example of the following companies: Ice water generators, “SOMZ”, TD “Russian Armor”, MNPP “Initiative”, “PROTEMOL”, “Vologda machines”, “Dairy machinery Plant”, “Dagprodmash”, “BLS Engineering”, The plant of capacitive and food equipment “Grand”, “KFTEHNO”, “AGROS”, “Plant Aggregate”, “Selmash Dairy Machines”, “Color”, “KULTEK”, “Lenprodmash”, “Russian meal”, “Kolaks”, ICP “TECHNOCOM”, JSC “Plant Molmash”, “KR-Tech”, “NPO GIGAMASH”, Elf 4M “Trading House”, “VKP Signal-pak”, “PLANT TECHTANK”, “SLAVUTICH”, “NMZ”. Based on the data for 2016-2020, the future financial indicators of the companies in question for 2021-2022 were predicted. The short-term nature of the forecast compiled by the authors is related to the fact that budgets for the next year are formed at the end of the calendar year, and the analysis did not take into account the current conditions of Russian-Ukrainian relations.
{"title":"Economic analysis of the performance of Russian manufacturers of equipment for the dairy industry","authors":"M. M. Kulumbegov","doi":"10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-49-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-49-58","url":null,"abstract":"The collapse of the USSR led not only to the formation of 15 independent republics, the emergence of the CIS, but also to the rupture of those complex long-term stable cooperative ties between the countries that have been formed and developed for more than half a century. The manufacturing industry, as in many countries, accounts for a large share in the structure of the Russian gross domestic product: according to Rosstat, in 2020, the weight of manufacturing industries in the output structure was 26 %. One of the most significant types of production is the production of equipment for the dairy industry. In this regard, the authors raised the question of the level of development of this industry in Russia and its indicators. Currently, the Russian dairy industry is one of the industries with a high share of imported equipment, which is about 70 %. The purpose of the study is to identify and prove that, despite the high degree of dependence on imports, this category of products is also produced by domestic enterprises, which, respectively, account for about 30 %. Basically, Russian manufacturers of equipment for the dairy industry satisfy the demand of small and medium-sized businesses, while the demands of large businesses are replenished by imports. The authors analyzed the financial condition and efficiency of dairy machinery enterprises using the example of the following companies: Ice water generators, “SOMZ”, TD “Russian Armor”, MNPP “Initiative”, “PROTEMOL”, “Vologda machines”, “Dairy machinery Plant”, “Dagprodmash”, “BLS Engineering”, The plant of capacitive and food equipment “Grand”, “KFTEHNO”, “AGROS”, “Plant Aggregate”, “Selmash Dairy Machines”, “Color”, “KULTEK”, “Lenprodmash”, “Russian meal”, “Kolaks”, ICP “TECHNOCOM”, JSC “Plant Molmash”, “KR-Tech”, “NPO GIGAMASH”, Elf 4M “Trading House”, “VKP Signal-pak”, “PLANT TECHTANK”, “SLAVUTICH”, “NMZ”. Based on the data for 2016-2020, the future financial indicators of the companies in question for 2021-2022 were predicted. The short-term nature of the forecast compiled by the authors is related to the fact that budgets for the next year are formed at the end of the calendar year, and the analysis did not take into account the current conditions of Russian-Ukrainian relations.","PeriodicalId":53005,"journal":{"name":"RUDN Journal of Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68280433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：