Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.02.2022.61.67
Aftab Ur Rahman, Zhang Guangcheng, Asghar Khan, M. K. Puniya, S. Rahman, Zeng Xin
Slope stability is an important issue for the construction of roads on hill slopes. 24 slopes cuts have been investigated to determine the slope instability issues and mode of failure along the newly constructed road of Dir-Sheringal Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The major rocks are slates and tuffaceous siltstone which are weak to moderately strong in strength. The main objective of this study is to assess the application of rock mass classification systems and kinematic analysis which affects the slopes. The investigation shows that rock mass rating (RMR-basic), and slope mass rating (SMR) values range from 0 to 73 which is poor to normal while geological strength index (GSI) analysis classified the rock mass from poor to good conditions. The Kinematic analysis shows that three types (plane, wedge and topple) of failure mode are present in these slopes. Most of the slopes are unstable and weak where perspective tools and proper installation provide support and prevent future failure. This study shows a good relationship between RMR-basic, SMR, and GSI for different locations.
{"title":"ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SLATES FROM DIR GROUP, NW, HIMALAYA, PAKISTAN; IMPLICATION FOR SLOPE STABILITY","authors":"Aftab Ur Rahman, Zhang Guangcheng, Asghar Khan, M. K. Puniya, S. Rahman, Zeng Xin","doi":"10.26480/gbr.02.2022.61.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.02.2022.61.67","url":null,"abstract":"Slope stability is an important issue for the construction of roads on hill slopes. 24 slopes cuts have been investigated to determine the slope instability issues and mode of failure along the newly constructed road of Dir-Sheringal Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The major rocks are slates and tuffaceous siltstone which are weak to moderately strong in strength. The main objective of this study is to assess the application of rock mass classification systems and kinematic analysis which affects the slopes. The investigation shows that rock mass rating (RMR-basic), and slope mass rating (SMR) values range from 0 to 73 which is poor to normal while geological strength index (GSI) analysis classified the rock mass from poor to good conditions. The Kinematic analysis shows that three types (plane, wedge and topple) of failure mode are present in these slopes. Most of the slopes are unstable and weak where perspective tools and proper installation provide support and prevent future failure. This study shows a good relationship between RMR-basic, SMR, and GSI for different locations.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86541996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.02.2022.88.92
Ilugbo Stephen Olubusola, Aderemi Sunday Adeoye, Ajayi Christopher Ayodele, A. Babatunde A., Adewumi Olajumoke Abisola
Geophysical investigations were carried out around the ministry of Justice building, Ekiti State Secretariat, Ado-Ekiti, with the aim of investigating the possible cause(s) of failures from the foundation of the building in the government Secretariat. The Electromagnetic and Electrical Resistivity methods were used for the investigation. The Electrical Resistivity method involves Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography using Schlumberger and dipole-dipole configuration. Three (3) VES points were conducted along the traverse within the investigated area with half current electrode separation (AB/2) varying from 2 m to a maximum of 65 m. The electromagnetic measurements were taken at distance separation of 10 m along the traverse line in the SE-NW direction. The VES curve types obtained in the area are H and HKH. Four geoelectric layers were delineated within the investigated area which includes the topsoil, lateritic clay, clay, and partly weathered basement which is a quartzite rock with resistivity values ranging from 47-280 ohm-m, 383-435 ohm-m, 47-78 ohm-m, and 239-4999 ohm-m and the thickness ranges from 1-1.6 m, 2.8-4.2 m, and 9.1-27.9 m respectively. The dipole-dipole results also delineate four geologic formations that revealed the differential settlement within the clayey zone of the building foundations. The electromagnetic method also delineated seven subsurface geologic formations which revealed that most of the materials characterizing the subsurface are of clayey composition. The integration of the results showed that the possible cause(s) of failures in part of the building is due to the presence of clayey formations and geologic fractures within the foundation of the studied area.
{"title":"GEOPHYSICAL POST-FOUNDATION STUDIES OF MINISRTY OF JUSTICE BUILDING, EKITI-STATE SECRETARIAT, ADO-EKITI, EKITI-STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Ilugbo Stephen Olubusola, Aderemi Sunday Adeoye, Ajayi Christopher Ayodele, A. Babatunde A., Adewumi Olajumoke Abisola","doi":"10.26480/gbr.02.2022.88.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.02.2022.88.92","url":null,"abstract":"Geophysical investigations were carried out around the ministry of Justice building, Ekiti State Secretariat, Ado-Ekiti, with the aim of investigating the possible cause(s) of failures from the foundation of the building in the government Secretariat. The Electromagnetic and Electrical Resistivity methods were used for the investigation. The Electrical Resistivity method involves Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography using Schlumberger and dipole-dipole configuration. Three (3) VES points were conducted along the traverse within the investigated area with half current electrode separation (AB/2) varying from 2 m to a maximum of 65 m. The electromagnetic measurements were taken at distance separation of 10 m along the traverse line in the SE-NW direction. The VES curve types obtained in the area are H and HKH. Four geoelectric layers were delineated within the investigated area which includes the topsoil, lateritic clay, clay, and partly weathered basement which is a quartzite rock with resistivity values ranging from 47-280 ohm-m, 383-435 ohm-m, 47-78 ohm-m, and 239-4999 ohm-m and the thickness ranges from 1-1.6 m, 2.8-4.2 m, and 9.1-27.9 m respectively. The dipole-dipole results also delineate four geologic formations that revealed the differential settlement within the clayey zone of the building foundations. The electromagnetic method also delineated seven subsurface geologic formations which revealed that most of the materials characterizing the subsurface are of clayey composition. The integration of the results showed that the possible cause(s) of failures in part of the building is due to the presence of clayey formations and geologic fractures within the foundation of the studied area.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79632853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.02.2022.76.79
H. Anan
The Campanian-Ypresian (C-Y) fauna in the Southern Tethys (ST) include rich small benthic foraminifera (SBF) reveals significant biostratigraphic changes during the C-Y transition. A progressive evolutionary trend within the Verneuilina lineage allowed to establish the Campanian V. iraqensis Total Range Zone (TRZ), and three successive zones in the Maastrichtian-Ypresian, namely: the Maastrichtian V. aegyptiaca Interval Range Zone (IRZ), the Paleocene V. laevigata IRZ, and the Ypresian V. luxorensis TRZ, which may correlate with the standard planktonic foraminifera zones: Globotruncana aegyptiaca IRZ to Acarinina pentacamerata PRZ, and span about 23 M.Y. (75-52 Ma). On the other hand, a minor difference in the test morphology and differences in the stratigraphic ranges of the members of the genus Verneuilina are recognized as being of decisive specific value. For that, the Proterogenesis Rule can be applied here on the Late C-Y six species of the genus Verneuilina, and these are: Verneuilina aegyptiaca and V. karreri, V. laevigata and V. luxorensis. Another two species are believed here as new: Verneuilina iraqensis and Verneuilina jordanica. The identified species were recorded from many localities in the ST (Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Pakistan), and one of them are recorded in Spain, in the Northern Tethys (NT).
南特提斯(ST)坎帕尼亚-伊普勒斯(C-Y)动物群包括丰富的小底栖有孔虫(SBF)，在C-Y过渡期间显示了显著的生物地层变化。在Verneuilina谱系内的渐进进化趋势使得Campanian V.伊拉克虫总范围带(TRZ)和Maastrichtian V. aegyptiaca区间范围带(IRZ)、古新世V. laevigata IRZ和ypressian V. luxorensis TRZ三个连续带得以建立，它们可能与标准的浮游有孔虫带Globotruncana aegyptiaca IRZ到Acarinina pentacamerata PRZ相关联，跨度约23 M.Y. (75-52 Ma)。另一方面，在测试形态上的微小差异和层位范围上的差异被认为是决定性的具体价值。因此，元古代规则可以应用于C-Y晚期的6种Verneuilina属，它们是:Verneuilina aegyptiaca和V. karreri, V. laevigata和V. luxorensis。另外两个物种在这里被认为是新的:伊拉克狼尾草和约旦狼尾草。已鉴定的种分布在ST的许多地方(突尼斯、埃及、约旦、伊拉克、伊朗、阿拉伯联合酋长国、卡塔尔和巴基斯坦)，其中一种记录在西班牙的北特提斯(NT)。
{"title":"BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PROTEROGENESIS OF VERNEUILINA FAUNA FROM THE SOUTHERN TETHYS","authors":"H. Anan","doi":"10.26480/gbr.02.2022.76.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.02.2022.76.79","url":null,"abstract":"The Campanian-Ypresian (C-Y) fauna in the Southern Tethys (ST) include rich small benthic foraminifera (SBF) reveals significant biostratigraphic changes during the C-Y transition. A progressive evolutionary trend within the Verneuilina lineage allowed to establish the Campanian V. iraqensis Total Range Zone (TRZ), and three successive zones in the Maastrichtian-Ypresian, namely: the Maastrichtian V. aegyptiaca Interval Range Zone (IRZ), the Paleocene V. laevigata IRZ, and the Ypresian V. luxorensis TRZ, which may correlate with the standard planktonic foraminifera zones: Globotruncana aegyptiaca IRZ to Acarinina pentacamerata PRZ, and span about 23 M.Y. (75-52 Ma). On the other hand, a minor difference in the test morphology and differences in the stratigraphic ranges of the members of the genus Verneuilina are recognized as being of decisive specific value. For that, the Proterogenesis Rule can be applied here on the Late C-Y six species of the genus Verneuilina, and these are: Verneuilina aegyptiaca and V. karreri, V. laevigata and V. luxorensis. Another two species are believed here as new: Verneuilina iraqensis and Verneuilina jordanica. The identified species were recorded from many localities in the ST (Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Qatar and Pakistan), and one of them are recorded in Spain, in the Northern Tethys (NT).","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74947009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.01.2022.22.28
M. C. Wilson, Bridget Buadi, Maame Opokua Debrahb, Kevin Osei-Wireko, B. A. Brako
This paper seeks to assess the potential of Alkali-Silica Reaction on some granitic rocks in Kumasi in Ghana. Alkali-Silica reactions occur over time between alkaline cement paste and silica contained in rock aggregates as a result of the swelling due to the reaction of certain constituents in the rock aggregates with alkali hydroxides. Alkali-Silica reactions become potentially harmful when they cause significant expansion. Aggregates used for this research were sought from three different quarries, namely, Consar Stone Quarry in Barekese, Nnagot Quarry in Kona and Modern Granite Quarry in Buoho. To achieve the objectives of this project, two test methods were employed such as Accelerated Mortar Bar test (ASTM C1260) and Petrographic analysis. Presence of strained quartz is an indicator for the occurrence of Alkali-Silica Reaction. Samples from Kona contained quite an appreciable amount of strained quartz and exhibited an expansion above the ASTM C 1260 specification, implying that it is potentially reactive and thus not useful for construction works, whilst samples from Barekese, and Buoho were innocuous and may be used for construction works. Supplementary cementing materials such as pozzolans (which are readily available) can be added to concrete mixtures with aggregates from Kona to reduce the harsh effects of ASR.
本文旨在评价加纳库马西某些花岗质岩石中碱-硅反应的潜力。随着时间的推移，碱性水泥浆和岩石骨料中含有的二氧化硅之间会发生碱-硅反应，这是由于岩石骨料中某些成分与碱氢氧化物反应而产生的膨胀。当碱-二氧化硅反应引起显著膨胀时，它们就具有潜在的危害。这项研究使用的骨料来自三个不同的采石场，即巴雷克斯的conar采石场、科纳的Nnagot采石场和浮标的Modern Granite采石场。为了达到该项目的目的，采用了加速砂浆棒试验(ASTM C1260)和岩相分析两种测试方法。应变石英的存在是碱-硅反应发生的标志。来自科纳的样品含有相当可观数量的应变石英，并且显示出超出ASTM C 1260规格的膨胀，这意味着它可能具有反应性，因此不适用于建筑工程，而来自Barekese和浮标的样品是无害的，可以用于建筑工程。补充胶结材料，如火山灰(很容易获得)，可以添加到混凝土混合物与来自科纳的骨料，以减少ASR的恶劣影响。
{"title":"ALKALI-SILICA REACTIVITY OF SOME GRANITIC ROCKS IN KUMASI, GHANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR USE OF ROCK AGGREGATES FOR CONSTRUCTION","authors":"M. C. Wilson, Bridget Buadi, Maame Opokua Debrahb, Kevin Osei-Wireko, B. A. Brako","doi":"10.26480/gbr.01.2022.22.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.01.2022.22.28","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to assess the potential of Alkali-Silica Reaction on some granitic rocks in Kumasi in Ghana. Alkali-Silica reactions occur over time between alkaline cement paste and silica contained in rock aggregates as a result of the swelling due to the reaction of certain constituents in the rock aggregates with alkali hydroxides. Alkali-Silica reactions become potentially harmful when they cause significant expansion. Aggregates used for this research were sought from three different quarries, namely, Consar Stone Quarry in Barekese, Nnagot Quarry in Kona and Modern Granite Quarry in Buoho. To achieve the objectives of this project, two test methods were employed such as Accelerated Mortar Bar test (ASTM C1260) and Petrographic analysis. Presence of strained quartz is an indicator for the occurrence of Alkali-Silica Reaction. Samples from Kona contained quite an appreciable amount of strained quartz and exhibited an expansion above the ASTM C 1260 specification, implying that it is potentially reactive and thus not useful for construction works, whilst samples from Barekese, and Buoho were innocuous and may be used for construction works. Supplementary cementing materials such as pozzolans (which are readily available) can be added to concrete mixtures with aggregates from Kona to reduce the harsh effects of ASR.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79471114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied with the aim of investigating the compositional profile of particulate matters in offices and residential areas in Bonny metropolis. A Gas-chromatography Mass spectrometer was used to evaluate PAHs bound in dust retained in air-conditioning unit filters from office and residential buildings in Bonny metropolitan. The results obtained show that office and residential areas had average summation (PAHs) of 39.52 and 21.14 mg/kg, respectively. Acenaphthalene and naphthalene were the most common PAHs in Bonny Metropolis. In addition, the carcinogenic summation (PAH) from the Bonny office and residential areas was found to be 14.87 and 8.10 mg/kg, respectively. Bonny metropolis has a greater concentration of PAH hazardous pollutants. This could be attributable to the metropolis’s intense industrial operations and uncontrolled activities coupled with continuous gas flaring which contributed significantly to the concentration of PAHs within Bonny metropolis. Thus, the government should enact and implement environmental restrictions that regulate industrial emissions in the city under study.
{"title":"POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS LEVEL FROM HVAC IN BONNY ISLAND","authors":"Abbey Dabebara Minaibim, Ogunyemi Tolulope Charles, Abbey Minaibim Ellerton","doi":"10.26480/gbr.02.2022.93.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.02.2022.93.100","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied with the aim of investigating the compositional profile of particulate matters in offices and residential areas in Bonny metropolis. A Gas-chromatography Mass spectrometer was used to evaluate PAHs bound in dust retained in air-conditioning unit filters from office and residential buildings in Bonny metropolitan. The results obtained show that office and residential areas had average summation (PAHs) of 39.52 and 21.14 mg/kg, respectively. Acenaphthalene and naphthalene were the most common PAHs in Bonny Metropolis. In addition, the carcinogenic summation (PAH) from the Bonny office and residential areas was found to be 14.87 and 8.10 mg/kg, respectively. Bonny metropolis has a greater concentration of PAH hazardous pollutants. This could be attributable to the metropolis’s intense industrial operations and uncontrolled activities coupled with continuous gas flaring which contributed significantly to the concentration of PAHs within Bonny metropolis. Thus, the government should enact and implement environmental restrictions that regulate industrial emissions in the city under study.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81727386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.01.2022.16.21
M. C. Wilson, Rosalia Appiah Mangue Amankwah, Samuel Kow Ansah, Selase Nani, Dennis Asante
The study investigated the physico-mechanical and petrographic properties of the basin-type granitoids of the Oyoko granitoid complex, to establish their strengths for engineering properties. The results obtained from this work will therefore be necessary in knowing the competences of the rocks for various engineering construction works. The purpose of this research is to determine the physico-mechanical and microstructural features of the granitoid suites of rocks at Oyoko. Thin sections were prepared and microscope used for the petrological studies of the rocks, whilst UCS test was conducted for the strength of the rocks. The Oyoko granitoid complex rocks were petrologically identified to be biotite gneisses, pegmatite and migmatite. The rocks at the study area have received little attention in mechanical and petrographic studies. These granitoid rocks have preserved porphyritic textures and consist of mineral assemblage such as biotite, quartz, plagioclase feldspar, alkali feldspar, amphibole, clino-pyroxene, chlorite, etc. The recrystallization of the plagioclase feldspar imply that these rocks have experienced some level of deformations. The foliated granitic gneisses intruded the older rock units, some of which had been subjected to earlier tectonism. The migmatite defines the area to be closer to a contact zone. The major structural features in the migmatite rocks were ptygmatic folds. The UCS value for the biotite gneiss of 91.6 N/mm2 gives a more representation of the general rock strength of the study area. The biotite gneisses at the study area may be classified to be mechanically strong and recommended for road construction and engineering works.
{"title":"PETROGRAPHIC STUDIES AND PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BIRIMIAN GRANITOIDS – A CASE STUDY OF OYOKO GRANITOIDS COMPLEX IN KOFORIDUA","authors":"M. C. Wilson, Rosalia Appiah Mangue Amankwah, Samuel Kow Ansah, Selase Nani, Dennis Asante","doi":"10.26480/gbr.01.2022.16.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.01.2022.16.21","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the physico-mechanical and petrographic properties of the basin-type granitoids of the Oyoko granitoid complex, to establish their strengths for engineering properties. The results obtained from this work will therefore be necessary in knowing the competences of the rocks for various engineering construction works. The purpose of this research is to determine the physico-mechanical and microstructural features of the granitoid suites of rocks at Oyoko. Thin sections were prepared and microscope used for the petrological studies of the rocks, whilst UCS test was conducted for the strength of the rocks. The Oyoko granitoid complex rocks were petrologically identified to be biotite gneisses, pegmatite and migmatite. The rocks at the study area have received little attention in mechanical and petrographic studies. These granitoid rocks have preserved porphyritic textures and consist of mineral assemblage such as biotite, quartz, plagioclase feldspar, alkali feldspar, amphibole, clino-pyroxene, chlorite, etc. The recrystallization of the plagioclase feldspar imply that these rocks have experienced some level of deformations. The foliated granitic gneisses intruded the older rock units, some of which had been subjected to earlier tectonism. The migmatite defines the area to be closer to a contact zone. The major structural features in the migmatite rocks were ptygmatic folds. The UCS value for the biotite gneiss of 91.6 N/mm2 gives a more representation of the general rock strength of the study area. The biotite gneisses at the study area may be classified to be mechanically strong and recommended for road construction and engineering works.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87008447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.01.2022.29.30
M. Kaminski, A. Waśkowska
The species is Orbulinelloides kaminskii Anan, 2021 was described based on an illustration published by Kaminski & Huang in 1991. In this study we located and investigated the type specimen of O. kaminskii and confirmed that the outer wall displays randomly-placed openings that vary in size from 5–15 microns in diameter. The holotype specimen has been deposited in the collections of the European Micropaleontological Reference Centre, located at the AGH University of Science & Technology in Kraków, Poland.
{"title":"ADDITIONAL COMMENTS TO “REPRESENTATIVES OF SOME DIAGNOSTIC AGGLUTINATED FORAMINIFERAL GENERA OF THE SUBCLASS MONOTHALAMANA (Bathysiphon, Orbulinelloides, Repmanina, Miliammina, Agglutinella, Dentostomenia, Ammomassilina, Psammolingulina) IN THE TETHYS” BY ANAN (2021)","authors":"M. Kaminski, A. Waśkowska","doi":"10.26480/gbr.01.2022.29.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.01.2022.29.30","url":null,"abstract":"The species is Orbulinelloides kaminskii Anan, 2021 was described based on an illustration published by Kaminski & Huang in 1991. In this study we located and investigated the type specimen of O. kaminskii and confirmed that the outer wall displays randomly-placed openings that vary in size from 5–15 microns in diameter. The holotype specimen has been deposited in the collections of the European Micropaleontological Reference Centre, located at the AGH University of Science & Technology in Kraków, Poland.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88369003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.01.2022.12.15
Addah I. Dickson, T. I., Horsfall I. Opiriyabo
Wide azimuth land acquisition, 3D data is spatially well sampled with a wide range of azimuth and the offsets distributed around those azimuths. This work examined how advance seismic processing technique has come onshore, using offset vector tile methods, high-fidelity, high-resolution is available for use on onshore data. Data were split into one hundred and twenty four vector tiles as a function of source-to-detector distance and azimuth relationship individual pre-trace is assigned an offset vector tiles number that is stored in the trace headers the number is based on the relative shot and receiver location for the trace. Data is regularized to maintain the necessary number of traces and the range of offset in each bin and allow to be filled then migration of the target lines and stacking. After regularization for both the common offset binning and the offset vector tiles (OVTs), it was observed that there is improved signal to noise ratio in the offset vector tiles as compare to the common offset binning, and there is overall improvement in event continuity on the OVTs result. Because onshore (land) data exhibit poor signal-to-noise ratios arising from irregular geometries and noise contamination a fundamental change in processing methods is required. The offset vector tiles (OVTs) have proven to be an effective and efficient tool for 3D wide azimuth acquisitions, the OVTs domain pre-processing, will yield a better imaging when compared to the common offset binning (COB) domain pre-processing.
{"title":"ONSHORE SEISMIC IMAGING USING DIFFERENT DATA DOMAIN IN NORTHERN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA","authors":"Addah I. Dickson, T. I., Horsfall I. Opiriyabo","doi":"10.26480/gbr.01.2022.12.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.01.2022.12.15","url":null,"abstract":"Wide azimuth land acquisition, 3D data is spatially well sampled with a wide range of azimuth and the offsets distributed around those azimuths. This work examined how advance seismic processing technique has come onshore, using offset vector tile methods, high-fidelity, high-resolution is available for use on onshore data. Data were split into one hundred and twenty four vector tiles as a function of source-to-detector distance and azimuth relationship individual pre-trace is assigned an offset vector tiles number that is stored in the trace headers the number is based on the relative shot and receiver location for the trace. Data is regularized to maintain the necessary number of traces and the range of offset in each bin and allow to be filled then migration of the target lines and stacking. After regularization for both the common offset binning and the offset vector tiles (OVTs), it was observed that there is improved signal to noise ratio in the offset vector tiles as compare to the common offset binning, and there is overall improvement in event continuity on the OVTs result. Because onshore (land) data exhibit poor signal-to-noise ratios arising from irregular geometries and noise contamination a fundamental change in processing methods is required. The offset vector tiles (OVTs) have proven to be an effective and efficient tool for 3D wide azimuth acquisitions, the OVTs domain pre-processing, will yield a better imaging when compared to the common offset binning (COB) domain pre-processing.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86650866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.02.2022.68.75
Chinemelu, E.S., Okumoko, D. P.
Contaminated sediment poses a serious environmental problem, therefore knowledge of the concentration of heavy metals in stream sediments is very important because of their significance to aquatic life and human health. The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Ni, Zn, Fe and Cu), in stream sediments of some parts of Warri River, Southwestern Nigeria were examined during the rainy and dry seasons using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, in order to assess their contamination levels using the environmental contamination indexes; Geoaccumulation Index, Enrichment Factor (EF), and Contamination Factor (CF). For both the rainy and dry seasons, the results revealed average heavy metal concentrations obtained in all samples in the study area in the order As>Cd>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Fe. The trend in mean Igeo values was as follows: As (-0.66) > Zn (-4.93) > Cu (-5.8) > Fe (-5.31) > Cd (5.76) > Pb (-6.35) > Ni (11.25), showing that River Warri’s sediments were not polluted by heavy metals. Cu= Zn (0.08), Cd (0.34), Pb (0.02), As (0.01), and Ni (0.00) were the mean CF values across all measured locations, indicating a low contamination factor. The average EFs for the sediments were As (1.09) > Cd (1.10) > Cu (1.46) > Zn (1.61) > Pb (1.09) > Ni (1.09) > Fe (0.83), showing low enrichment (<2). Evaluation of enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index and contamination factor values showed that the stream sediments of the study area were unpolluted. Heavy metals in the sediments were found to be linked to anthropogenic activities in the study region, according to the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The metal concentrations in the sediment were found to be elevated at some sampled points, it is therefore recommended that annual monitoring of the stream sediments of the study area is undertaken. Also, sustainable practices should be employed in order to conserve the resources of the Warri River.
受污染的沉积物是一个严重的环境问题，因此了解河流沉积物中重金属的浓度对水生生物和人类健康具有重要意义。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了尼日利亚西南部Warri河部分河流沉积物中重金属Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Ni、Zn、Fe和Cu在雨季和旱季的浓度，并利用环境污染指数评价了其污染程度;地质堆积指数、富集因子(EF)和污染因子(CF)。在旱季和雨季，研究区所有样品的重金属平均浓度依次为As>Cd>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Fe。平均Igeo值的变化趋势为:as (-0.66) > Zn (-4.93) > Cu (-5.8) > Fe (-5.31) > Cd (5.76) > Pb (-6.35) > Ni(11.25)，表明Warri河沉积物未受到重金属污染。Cu= Zn(0.08)、Cd(0.34)、Pb(0.02)、As(0.01)和Ni(0.00)是所有测点的平均CF值，表明污染系数较低。沉积物的平均EFs为As (1.09) > Cd (1.10) > Cu (1.46) > Zn (1.61) > Pb (1.09) > Ni (1.09) > Fe(0.83)，富集程度较低(<2)。富集系数、地成藏指数和污染系数评价表明，研究区水系沉积物未受污染。分层聚类分析(HCA)结果表明，沉积物中的重金属与研究区域的人为活动有关。沉积物中的金属浓度在一些取样点发现偏高，因此建议对研究地区的水系沉积物进行年度监测。此外，应该采用可持续的做法，以保护瓦里河的资源。
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF TEMPORAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METALS IN SEDIMENTS OF WARRI RIVER, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA","authors":"Chinemelu, E.S., Okumoko, D. P.","doi":"10.26480/gbr.02.2022.68.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.02.2022.68.75","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminated sediment poses a serious environmental problem, therefore knowledge of the concentration of heavy metals in stream sediments is very important because of their significance to aquatic life and human health. The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Ni, Zn, Fe and Cu), in stream sediments of some parts of Warri River, Southwestern Nigeria were examined during the rainy and dry seasons using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, in order to assess their contamination levels using the environmental contamination indexes; Geoaccumulation Index, Enrichment Factor (EF), and Contamination Factor (CF). For both the rainy and dry seasons, the results revealed average heavy metal concentrations obtained in all samples in the study area in the order As>Cd>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Fe. The trend in mean Igeo values was as follows: As (-0.66) > Zn (-4.93) > Cu (-5.8) > Fe (-5.31) > Cd (5.76) > Pb (-6.35) > Ni (11.25), showing that River Warri’s sediments were not polluted by heavy metals. Cu= Zn (0.08), Cd (0.34), Pb (0.02), As (0.01), and Ni (0.00) were the mean CF values across all measured locations, indicating a low contamination factor. The average EFs for the sediments were As (1.09) > Cd (1.10) > Cu (1.46) > Zn (1.61) > Pb (1.09) > Ni (1.09) > Fe (0.83), showing low enrichment (<2). Evaluation of enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index and contamination factor values showed that the stream sediments of the study area were unpolluted. Heavy metals in the sediments were found to be linked to anthropogenic activities in the study region, according to the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The metal concentrations in the sediment were found to be elevated at some sampled points, it is therefore recommended that annual monitoring of the stream sediments of the study area is undertaken. Also, sustainable practices should be employed in order to conserve the resources of the Warri River.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91037075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/gbr.02.2022.53.56
H. Anan
This study deals with the taxonomy, stratigraphy, and paleogeography of ten Campanian-Paleogene diagnostic calcareous benthic foraminiferal species belong to three lagenid genera which were erected from many localities in the world (North America, Europe and North Africa). These taxa are: Lingulina (L. carinata, L. sliteri), Tristix (T. liasina, T. aubertae, T. sliteri, T. sztrakosae), Citharina (C. strigillata, C. polonica, C. plummerae, C. plumoides). Four of these species, were recorded from three different localities in the world (Mexico, Poland, France, Egypt) are believed to be new: (1) The Late Campanian Lingulina sliteri Anan, n. sp. from Mexico, (2) The Early Maastrichtian Tristix sliteri Anan, n. sp. from Mexico, (3) The Lutetian Tristix sztrakosae Anan, n. sp. from France, and (4) The Danian Citharina polonica Anan, n. sp. from Poland. These taxa show an affinity with Midway-Type Fauna (MTF). The paleogeographic distribution of the recorded species indicate an open connection between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans in that time.
本文研究了来自世界各地(北美、欧洲和北非)的10种坎帕尼亚-古近系诊断性钙质底栖有孔虫的分类、地层学和古地理。这些分类群分别是:Lingulina (L. carinata, L. sliti)， tristiix (T. liasina, T. aubertae, T. sliti, T. sztrakosae)， Citharina (C. strigillata, C. polonica, C. plummerae, C. plumoides)。其中4种被认为是新物种:(1)来自墨西哥的晚坎帕尼亚Lingulina sliteri Anan, n. sp.;(2)来自墨西哥的早期马斯垂克特Tristix sliti Anan, n. sp.;(3)来自法国的Lutetian Tristix sztrakosae Anan, n. sp.;(4)来自波兰的Danian Citharina polonica Anan, n. sp.。这些分类群与中路型动物群(Midway-Type Fauna, MTF)具有亲缘关系。记录物种的古地理分布表明，当时大西洋和印度洋-太平洋之间存在着开放的联系。
{"title":"MEMBERS OF SOME DIAGNOSTIC SMALL CALCAREOUS LAGENID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL GENERA LINGULINA, TRISTIX AND CITHARINA","authors":"H. Anan","doi":"10.26480/gbr.02.2022.53.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/gbr.02.2022.53.56","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the taxonomy, stratigraphy, and paleogeography of ten Campanian-Paleogene diagnostic calcareous benthic foraminiferal species belong to three lagenid genera which were erected from many localities in the world (North America, Europe and North Africa). These taxa are: Lingulina (L. carinata, L. sliteri), Tristix (T. liasina, T. aubertae, T. sliteri, T. sztrakosae), Citharina (C. strigillata, C. polonica, C. plummerae, C. plumoides). Four of these species, were recorded from three different localities in the world (Mexico, Poland, France, Egypt) are believed to be new: (1) The Late Campanian Lingulina sliteri Anan, n. sp. from Mexico, (2) The Early Maastrichtian Tristix sliteri Anan, n. sp. from Mexico, (3) The Lutetian Tristix sztrakosae Anan, n. sp. from France, and (4) The Danian Citharina polonica Anan, n. sp. from Poland. These taxa show an affinity with Midway-Type Fauna (MTF). The paleogeographic distribution of the recorded species indicate an open connection between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans in that time.","PeriodicalId":53043,"journal":{"name":"Geological Behavior","volume":"275 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83214234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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