Pub Date : 2019-01-07DOI: 10.26480/MJSA.01.2019.08.12
Intsar H. H. Al-Hilfy, S. Wahid, H. M. K. Al-Abodi, S. Al-Salmani, Md. Reaz Mahamud, Md. Bellal Hossain
An experiment was conducted at Research Station, State Board for Seeds Testing and Certification, Baghdad, Iraq during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons to determine the effect of six seeding rates (80, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180 kg ha-1) on yield and quality of three wheat cultivars (Bohooth 22, Bohooth 158, and Rasheed). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangement placing seeding rates in main plots and cultivars in sub-plots with three replicates. Seeding rate 140 kg ha-1 gave highest grain yield (4.95 and 4.99 t ha-1) for both seasons, respectively. Seeding rate 80 kg ha-1 gave highest protein content (13.95% and 13.68%) and gluten (34.46% and 32.95%) for both seasons, respectively. Seeding rate of 140 kg ha-1 gave the highest protein yield (618.60 kg ha-1) during the first season, while seeding rate of 120 kg ha-1 gave the highest yield in this trait (621.02 kg ha-1) during the second season. Rasheed cultivar plants produced highest grain yield (4.77 and 4.89 t ha-1), whereas Bohooth 158 plants recorded highest protein content (13.13% and 13.28%) and gluten (34.85% and 33.21%) for both seasons, respectively. So, it's recommended to cultivate the three studied wheat cultivars at seeding rate 140 kg ha-1 to obtain highest grain yield, whereas seeding rate 80 kg ha-1 is the best to get the highest protein and gluten content.
本试验于2015-2016和2016-2017两季在伊拉克巴格达国家种子检测与认证局研究站进行，旨在确定6种播种量(80、100、120、140、160和180 kg hm -1)对3个小麦品种(Bohooth 22、Bohooth 158和Rasheed)产量和品质的影响。试验采用随机完全区设计(RCBD)，分块布置，主区播播，次区播播，3个重复。播量为140 kg hm -1的两季籽粒产量最高，分别为4.95和4.99 t hm -1。播量为80 kg ha-1时，两季籽粒蛋白质和面筋含量最高，分别为13.95%和13.68%和34.46%和32.95%。播量为140 kg ha-1时第一季蛋白质产量最高(618.60 kg ha-1)，播量为120 kg ha-1时第二季蛋白质产量最高(621.02 kg ha-1)。拉希德品种籽粒产量最高，分别为4.77和4.89 t hm -1, Bohooth 158品种籽粒蛋白质含量最高，分别为13.13%和13.28%，面筋含量最高，分别为34.85%和33.21%。因此，建议在播种量140 kg ha-1时栽培3个小麦品种，以获得最高的籽粒产量，而播种量80 kg ha-1时获得最高的蛋白质和面筋含量。
{"title":"GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY CULTIVARS AND SEEDING RATES","authors":"Intsar H. H. Al-Hilfy, S. Wahid, H. M. K. Al-Abodi, S. Al-Salmani, Md. Reaz Mahamud, Md. Bellal Hossain","doi":"10.26480/MJSA.01.2019.08.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/MJSA.01.2019.08.12","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at Research Station, State Board for Seeds Testing and Certification, Baghdad, Iraq during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons to determine the effect of six seeding rates (80, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180 kg ha-1) on yield and quality of three wheat cultivars (Bohooth 22, Bohooth 158, and Rasheed). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangement placing seeding rates in main plots and cultivars in sub-plots with three replicates. Seeding rate 140 kg ha-1 gave highest grain yield (4.95 and 4.99 t ha-1) for both seasons, respectively. Seeding rate 80 kg ha-1 gave highest protein content (13.95% and 13.68%) and gluten (34.46% and 32.95%) for both seasons, respectively. Seeding rate of 140 kg ha-1 gave the highest protein yield (618.60 kg ha-1) during the first season, while seeding rate of 120 kg ha-1 gave the highest yield in this trait (621.02 kg ha-1) during the second season. Rasheed cultivar plants produced highest grain yield (4.77 and 4.89 t ha-1), whereas Bohooth 158 plants recorded highest protein content (13.13% and 13.28%) and gluten (34.85% and 33.21%) for both seasons, respectively. So, it's recommended to cultivate the three studied wheat cultivars at seeding rate 140 kg ha-1 to obtain highest grain yield, whereas seeding rate 80 kg ha-1 is the best to get the highest protein and gluten content.","PeriodicalId":53052,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41853402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-07DOI: 10.26480/MJSA.01.2019.23.27
Chinakwe Ec, Nwogwugwu Un Ibekwe Vi, Onyemekara Nn, J Mike-AnosikeEOfoegbu, M Emeakaraoha, S ChinakwePoAdeleye
The microbial population changes in the rhizosphere of two varieties of tomato: cherry and plum were studied. They were grown in a greenhouse for five weeks. Standard microbiological procedures were applied. Biochemical and cultural characteristics revealed the presence of Bacillus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Rhizobium as bacterial species and Penicillium, Mucor and Saccharomyces as fungal species. Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (THBC) ranged from 1.0 x 106 to 4.8 x 107 cfu/g; 7.0 x 107 to 4.5 x 109 cfu/g and 5.4 x 107 to 3.0 x 109 cfu/g for bare soil, rhizosphere soil of cherry tomato and rhizosphere soil of plum tomato respectively. Total Fungal Counts (TFC) were lower and ranged from 1.3 x 106 to 6.5 x 106 cfu/g, 1.2 x 106 to 8.7 x 106 cfu/g and 1.0 x 106 to 1.2 x 106 cfu/g for bare soil, rhizosphere soil of cherry tomato and rhizosphere soil of plum tomato respectively. The microbial succession pattern further revealed that Bacillus sp, Enterococcus sp, Rhizobium sp, Mucor sp and Saccharomyces sp were the predominant microorganisms present in bare soil and rhizosphere soils of cherry and plum tomatoes. The presence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria e.g. Bacillus sp and Rhizobium sp, is of great advantage to the early growth of tomato plants as they play important roles in increasing soil fertility, plant growth , and suppression of phytopathogens for healthy plant development and sustainable agriculture.
研究了樱桃和李两个番茄品种根际微生物种群的变化。它们在温室里生长了五个星期。采用标准微生物程序。生化和培养特征表明，芽孢杆菌、肠球菌、葡萄球菌、根瘤菌为菌种，青霉、毛霉和酵母菌为真菌。异养细菌总数（THBC）范围为1.0 x 106至4.8 x 107 cfu/g；裸土、樱桃番茄根际土和李番茄根际土壤分别为7.0×107至4.5×109 cfu/g和5.4×107至3.0×109 cfug/g。裸土、樱桃番茄根际土壤和李番茄根际土的总真菌数（TFC）较低，分别为1.3 x 106至6.5 x 106 cfu/g、1.2 x 106至8.7 x 106 cfug/g和1.0 x 106至1.2 x 106 cfu/g。微生物演替模式进一步表明，芽孢杆菌属、肠球菌属、根瘤菌属、毛霉菌属和酿酒酵母属是樱桃和李番茄裸土和根际土壤中的主要微生物。促进植物生长的根际细菌，如芽孢杆菌和根瘤菌，对番茄植物的早期生长有很大的优势，因为它们在提高土壤肥力、植物生长和抑制植物病原体方面发挥着重要作用，有利于植物的健康发展和可持续农业。
{"title":"MICROBIAL POPULATION CHANGES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF TOMATO SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM VARIETIES DURING EARLY GROWTH IN GREENHOUSE","authors":"Chinakwe Ec, Nwogwugwu Un Ibekwe Vi, Onyemekara Nn, J Mike-AnosikeEOfoegbu, M Emeakaraoha, S ChinakwePoAdeleye","doi":"10.26480/MJSA.01.2019.23.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/MJSA.01.2019.23.27","url":null,"abstract":"The microbial population changes in the rhizosphere of two varieties of tomato: cherry and plum were studied. They were grown in a greenhouse for five weeks. Standard microbiological procedures were applied. Biochemical and cultural characteristics revealed the presence of Bacillus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Rhizobium as bacterial species and Penicillium, Mucor and Saccharomyces as fungal species. Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (THBC) ranged from 1.0 x 106 to 4.8 x 107 cfu/g; 7.0 x 107 to 4.5 x 109 cfu/g and 5.4 x 107 to 3.0 x 109 cfu/g for bare soil, rhizosphere soil of cherry tomato and rhizosphere soil of plum tomato respectively. Total Fungal Counts (TFC) were lower and ranged from 1.3 x 106 to 6.5 x 106 cfu/g, 1.2 x 106 to 8.7 x 106 cfu/g and 1.0 x 106 to 1.2 x 106 cfu/g for bare soil, rhizosphere soil of cherry tomato and rhizosphere soil of plum tomato respectively. The microbial succession pattern further revealed that Bacillus sp, Enterococcus sp, Rhizobium sp, Mucor sp and Saccharomyces sp were the predominant microorganisms present in bare soil and rhizosphere soils of cherry and plum tomatoes. The presence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria e.g. Bacillus sp and Rhizobium sp, is of great advantage to the early growth of tomato plants as they play important roles in increasing soil fertility, plant growth , and suppression of phytopathogens for healthy plant development and sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":53052,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49494603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26480/MJSA.02.2019.01.04
S. Sedaghathoor, Somayeh Abdizadeh Sarem
The effect of rooting hormones, substrate and bottom heat was studied on the rooting of the cuttings of Picea abies. The treatments included bottom heat at two levels, hormones at six levels and rooting substrate at three levels. The recorded traits included rooting percentage, the number of roots; root length and root dry weight. It was found that the applied hormones had no considerable effect on rooting and the recorded traits, so that the application of 2000 and 4000 mg/l IBA had no significant difference with no-hormone application on all three substrates with or without the use of bottom heat. Cuttings treated with NAA produced no roots in any of the studied three substrates. The highest number of roots was produced under the treatment of sand + perlite × 4000 mg/l IBA × no-bottom heat. The treatment of no-bottom heat × no-hormone × perlite produced the longest root. The highest root dry weight was devoted the treatments of no-bottom heat × no-hormone × sand and no-bottom heat × 2000 mg/l IBA× sand.
{"title":"STUDY ON THE ROOTING OF PICEA ABIES CUTTINGS UNDER AUXINS, SUBSTRATES AND BOTTOM HEAT","authors":"S. Sedaghathoor, Somayeh Abdizadeh Sarem","doi":"10.26480/MJSA.02.2019.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/MJSA.02.2019.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of rooting hormones, substrate and bottom heat was studied on the rooting of the cuttings of Picea abies. The treatments included bottom heat at two levels, hormones at six levels and rooting substrate at three levels. The recorded traits included rooting percentage, the number of roots; root length and root dry weight. It was found that the applied hormones had no considerable effect on rooting and the recorded traits, so that the application of 2000 and 4000 mg/l IBA had no significant difference with no-hormone application on all three substrates with or without the use of bottom heat. Cuttings treated with NAA produced no roots in any of the studied three substrates. The highest number of roots was produced under the treatment of sand + perlite × 4000 mg/l IBA × no-bottom heat. The treatment of no-bottom heat × no-hormone × perlite produced the longest root. The highest root dry weight was devoted the treatments of no-bottom heat × no-hormone × sand and no-bottom heat × 2000 mg/l IBA× sand.","PeriodicalId":53052,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44621112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26480/MJSA.02.2019.35.45
Damian Felladam Tangonyire
This paper focuses on the impact of climate change on the lives of rural farmers in the Pwalugu and Balungu communities of the Upper East Region of Ghana since farmers all over the country have been exposed to various adaptation strategies to climate change. From the study which was conducted in 2017, it was revealed that climate change affected respondents negatively resulting in reduced income level, inability to afford three square meals daily, inability to meet their health needs, inability to meet the educational needs of their children as well as inability to save at bank. Also, lack of finance, land tenure, norms/customs, lack of storage facilities, lack of ready markets, damage to crops by Fulani cattle and difficulty in obtaining seeds for farming were some challenges militating against the adoption of other adaptive strategies to climate change. The farmers therefore practiced crop diversification, adjustment in planting date of their crops, irrigation, change method of pr oduction, migration to the southern part of the country during the dry season to work, trading, fishing, among others as their specific adaptive strategies to climate change. The study recommends that, education should be one of the areas for policy intervention by government/stakeholders since access to education is vital in developing specific strategies of rural farmers to the diverse drivers and impacts of climate change on their lives.
{"title":"IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FARMERS IN THE TALENSI DISTRICT OF THE UPPER EAST REGION OF GHANA","authors":"Damian Felladam Tangonyire","doi":"10.26480/MJSA.02.2019.35.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/MJSA.02.2019.35.45","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the impact of climate change on the lives of rural farmers in the Pwalugu and Balungu communities of the Upper East Region of Ghana since farmers all over the country have been exposed to various adaptation strategies to climate change. From the study which was conducted in 2017, it was revealed that climate change affected respondents negatively resulting in reduced income level, inability to afford three square meals daily, inability to meet their health needs, inability to meet the educational needs of their children as well as inability to save at bank. Also, lack of finance, land tenure, norms/customs, lack of storage facilities, lack of ready markets, damage to crops by Fulani cattle and difficulty in obtaining seeds for farming were some challenges militating against the adoption of other adaptive strategies to climate change. The farmers therefore practiced crop diversification, adjustment in planting date of their crops, irrigation, change method of pr oduction, migration to the southern part of the country during the dry season to work, trading, fishing, among others as their specific adaptive strategies to climate change. The study recommends that, education should be one of the areas for policy intervention by government/stakeholders since access to education is vital in developing specific strategies of rural farmers to the diverse drivers and impacts of climate change on their lives.","PeriodicalId":53052,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69336839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.56.59
B. Sunaina, J. Kumar, Karn Rupak, R. Mahesh
{"title":"A CASE STUDY ON SOIL FERTILITY STATUS AND MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY IN DANG DISTRICT, NEPAL","authors":"B. Sunaina, J. Kumar, Karn Rupak, R. Mahesh","doi":"10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.56.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.56.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53052,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69336853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.60.63
Roshan Dhakal, Binod Joshi, R. Karn, Sagar Bhusal, B. Acharya
{"title":"A REVIEW ON SCENARIO, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF POULTRY PRODUCTION IN NEPAL","authors":"Roshan Dhakal, Binod Joshi, R. Karn, Sagar Bhusal, B. Acharya","doi":"10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.60.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.60.63","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53052,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69336863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.46.55
Damian Felladam Tangonyire
This study was conducted in the Northern Region of Ghana to assess the growth performance of two different Hevea brasiliensis clones namely IRCA 41 and GT 1 in the Guinea Savanna soil. The fresh rubber stumps which were used for the experiment were collected from Ghana Rubber Estate Limited (GREL) which is located in the Western Region. The research design employed the use of completely randomized design with thirty replicates each of the two Hevea brasiliensis species. Data was collected during the dry and rainy seasons. The results at the end of the project for the two Hevea brasiliensis clones showed an average germination rate of 86.66% and 73.30% during the rainy and dry seasons respectively. A mean height of 25.30cm, mean girth of 6.34mm and mean leaf number of 28 were recorded during the rainy season whiles a mean height of 22.56cm, mean girth of 3.41mm and mean leaf number of 42 were recorded in the dry season for the two Hevea brasiliensis clones. When T-test was performed on the two Hevea brasiliensis clones, it was revealed that, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in height, girth and number of leaves between the two different rubber clones during the rainy season and the dry season. Hevea brasiliensis therefore has a greater potential for cultivation in Guinea Savanna soil.
{"title":"ASSESSING THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TWO DIFFERENT HEVEA BRASILIENSIS CLONES (IRCA 41 AND GT 1) IN THE GUINEA SAVANNA SOIL IN THE NORTHERN REGION OF GHANA","authors":"Damian Felladam Tangonyire","doi":"10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.46.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.02.2019.46.55","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in the Northern Region of Ghana to assess the growth performance of two different Hevea brasiliensis clones namely IRCA 41 and GT 1 in the Guinea Savanna soil. The fresh rubber stumps which were used for the experiment were collected from Ghana Rubber Estate Limited (GREL) which is located in the Western Region. The research design employed the use of completely randomized design with thirty replicates each of the two Hevea brasiliensis species. Data was collected during the dry and rainy seasons. The results at the end of the project for the two Hevea brasiliensis clones showed an average germination rate of 86.66% and 73.30% during the rainy and dry seasons respectively. A mean height of 25.30cm, mean girth of 6.34mm and mean leaf number of 28 were recorded during the rainy season whiles a mean height of 22.56cm, mean girth of 3.41mm and mean leaf number of 42 were recorded in the dry season for the two Hevea brasiliensis clones. When T-test was performed on the two Hevea brasiliensis clones, it was revealed that, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in height, girth and number of leaves between the two different rubber clones during the rainy season and the dry season. Hevea brasiliensis therefore has a greater potential for cultivation in Guinea Savanna soil.","PeriodicalId":53052,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46360000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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