Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.17.22
Hanan H. Wahid, Puteri F. D. Mustapha Rounal, Ayesha Bahez, M. I. A. Mustafa Mahmud, N. Kamarudin, Arvind R. Selvakumaran, A. M. Ahmad Mustafa, Hamizah Ismail
Vaginal colonization with Group B streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae can potentially cause ascending intrauterine infection among pregnant women, and hence it is known as one of the risk factors for preterm delivery. Ascending intrauterine infection may also cause the transmission of GBS to the fetus in utero and the newborn during delivery, leading to the development of early onset of neonatal infection. GBS are β-hemolytic, gram-positive bacteria that are opportunistic commensal of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract of approximately 18% of pregnant women globally. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) only reduces the rate of early onset neonatal infection, but not the late onset neonatal infection. Thus, the development of GBS vaccine is thought to be important to decrease the rate of preterm delivery and neonatal infections particularly in low-and-middle income countries where IAP program is not feasible. Vaccination can also be cost-effective for the healthcare system when executed together with IAP program. The aim of the current review is to summarize the mechanisms on how the GBS virulence factors interact with host immune components in the gestational tissues, leading to cervicovaginal colonization and ascending intrauterine infection. The elucidation of these mechanisms is essential for expediting the development of vaccines and novel therapeutic measures targeting these GBS virulence factors that will hamper the vaginal colonization, ascending intrauterine infection and conceptus tissue invasion by GBS. These strategies are crucial to potentially reduce the rate of preterm delivery and subsequent serious complications in the newborn.
{"title":"A REVIEW OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS (GBS) VAGINAL COLONIZATION AND ASCENDING INTRAUTERINE INFECTION: INTERACTION BETWEEN HOST IMMUNE RESPONSES AND GBS VIRULENCE FACTORS","authors":"Hanan H. Wahid, Puteri F. D. Mustapha Rounal, Ayesha Bahez, M. I. A. Mustafa Mahmud, N. Kamarudin, Arvind R. Selvakumaran, A. M. Ahmad Mustafa, Hamizah Ismail","doi":"10.26480/asm.01.2022.17.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2022.17.22","url":null,"abstract":"Vaginal colonization with Group B streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae can potentially cause ascending intrauterine infection among pregnant women, and hence it is known as one of the risk factors for preterm delivery. Ascending intrauterine infection may also cause the transmission of GBS to the fetus in utero and the newborn during delivery, leading to the development of early onset of neonatal infection. GBS are β-hemolytic, gram-positive bacteria that are opportunistic commensal of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract of approximately 18% of pregnant women globally. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) only reduces the rate of early onset neonatal infection, but not the late onset neonatal infection. Thus, the development of GBS vaccine is thought to be important to decrease the rate of preterm delivery and neonatal infections particularly in low-and-middle income countries where IAP program is not feasible. Vaccination can also be cost-effective for the healthcare system when executed together with IAP program. The aim of the current review is to summarize the mechanisms on how the GBS virulence factors interact with host immune components in the gestational tissues, leading to cervicovaginal colonization and ascending intrauterine infection. The elucidation of these mechanisms is essential for expediting the development of vaccines and novel therapeutic measures targeting these GBS virulence factors that will hamper the vaginal colonization, ascending intrauterine infection and conceptus tissue invasion by GBS. These strategies are crucial to potentially reduce the rate of preterm delivery and subsequent serious complications in the newborn.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.23.27
Md Sarowar Alam, M. Samsuzzaman, Md Abdul Mazed Miah, Mirana Akter Sumi, Md. Ahasan Habib
The experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Akbarpur, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh with twenty-three local mango genotypes to assess the performance and genetic divergence for the identification of suitable parents for the futute breeding program. . Wide variations were observed regarding the number of fruits/plant, fruit weight, percent of edible portion, and TSS of different germplasms. The highest number of fruit per plant (610) was observed in MIAkb001, highest individual fruit weight /plant (759.7g) was obtained from MIAkb015. The higher fruit yield was recorded from MIAkb001 (162.07kg). The percent of the edible portion was higher in MIAkb014 (65.71%) whereas maximum TSS (18%) was obtained from MIAkb007 andMIAkb015 respectively. The genetic divergence was assessed in 23 mango genotypes through multivariate analysis. The genotypes under this study were grouped into five clusters and the diversity was influenced by the morphological characters. The highest number (8) of genotypes were in cluster-I and the lowest (1) number of the genotype was in cluster-III. From the PCA we found, the number of fruits per plant (FNPP), fruits yield per plant (FYPP), and individual fruit weight were positive across the two axes, and these were the main traits for genetic divergence.
{"title":"EVALUATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF LOCAL MANGO GERMPLASM","authors":"Md Sarowar Alam, M. Samsuzzaman, Md Abdul Mazed Miah, Mirana Akter Sumi, Md. Ahasan Habib","doi":"10.26480/asm.01.2022.23.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2022.23.27","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Akbarpur, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh with twenty-three local mango genotypes to assess the performance and genetic divergence for the identification of suitable parents for the futute breeding program. . Wide variations were observed regarding the number of fruits/plant, fruit weight, percent of edible portion, and TSS of different germplasms. The highest number of fruit per plant (610) was observed in MIAkb001, highest individual fruit weight /plant (759.7g) was obtained from MIAkb015. The higher fruit yield was recorded from MIAkb001 (162.07kg). The percent of the edible portion was higher in MIAkb014 (65.71%) whereas maximum TSS (18%) was obtained from MIAkb007 andMIAkb015 respectively. The genetic divergence was assessed in 23 mango genotypes through multivariate analysis. The genotypes under this study were grouped into five clusters and the diversity was influenced by the morphological characters. The highest number (8) of genotypes were in cluster-I and the lowest (1) number of the genotype was in cluster-III. From the PCA we found, the number of fruits per plant (FNPP), fruits yield per plant (FYPP), and individual fruit weight were positive across the two axes, and these were the main traits for genetic divergence.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.28.33
Etim ., Akanimo Edem, A. ., Ita Okon and Yawo, Okwet Joseph
In this work, entrance skin dose was used to evaluate patient absorption dose of conventional X-rays using a direct method in some hospitals in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State. The method was based on the guidelines established by the NBIRR protocols. Questionnaires were distributed to two (2) X-ray facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State with code names GHC and UPTH in order to obtain information about X-ray machines such as type, model, waveform, filtration, etc., and radiological parameters used during two common diagnostic procedures such as Kilo Peak Voltage (kVp) and Milli Ampere Times Seconds (mAs). The two types of X-ray exams considered were chest (PA) and abdomen (AP). The weight and height of each patient totaling one hundred (100) were measured and two TLD badges were used on each patient to record the patient’s dose while a TLD reader (Harshaw 6600) was used to read the chips and an oven (annealing machine) was also used to anneal the chips. Mean ESD (mGy) was estimated and compared with International Established Reference Values. It was found that the mean ESD (mGy) for chest (PA) was 1.40, which is higher than the standard values of 0.17, 0.40, and 0.30 for USA, IAEA, and NRP, respectively. While the mean ESD (mGy) for the abdomen (AP) was found to be 1.62, which was higher than the standard values of 0.56, 1.02, and 102 for the USA, IAEA, and NRP, respectively. Generally, it was observed that there was a wide variation in patient dose for the two different types of x-ray examinations, which could be attributed to several factors, such as the type of x-ray machine used, radiographic techniques.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF PATIENT ABSORBED DOSE OF CONVENTIONAL X-RAYS USING DIRECT METHOD IN SOME HOSPITALS IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA","authors":"Etim ., Akanimo Edem, A. ., Ita Okon and Yawo, Okwet Joseph","doi":"10.26480/asm.02.2022.28.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2022.28.33","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, entrance skin dose was used to evaluate patient absorption dose of conventional X-rays using a direct method in some hospitals in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State. The method was based on the guidelines established by the NBIRR protocols. Questionnaires were distributed to two (2) X-ray facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State with code names GHC and UPTH in order to obtain information about X-ray machines such as type, model, waveform, filtration, etc., and radiological parameters used during two common diagnostic procedures such as Kilo Peak Voltage (kVp) and Milli Ampere Times Seconds (mAs). The two types of X-ray exams considered were chest (PA) and abdomen (AP). The weight and height of each patient totaling one hundred (100) were measured and two TLD badges were used on each patient to record the patient’s dose while a TLD reader (Harshaw 6600) was used to read the chips and an oven (annealing machine) was also used to anneal the chips. Mean ESD (mGy) was estimated and compared with International Established Reference Values. It was found that the mean ESD (mGy) for chest (PA) was 1.40, which is higher than the standard values of 0.17, 0.40, and 0.30 for USA, IAEA, and NRP, respectively. While the mean ESD (mGy) for the abdomen (AP) was found to be 1.62, which was higher than the standard values of 0.56, 1.02, and 102 for the USA, IAEA, and NRP, respectively. Generally, it was observed that there was a wide variation in patient dose for the two different types of x-ray examinations, which could be attributed to several factors, such as the type of x-ray machine used, radiographic techniques.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.48.54
Md. Mamunur Rahman, Shazzad Hossain, G. M. Riaz, H. Rahman
Eusocial insects display caste structures in which reproductive ability is possessed by a single or a few queens while all other colony members act as workers. In social insects like ants, bees, and termites, vital physiological processes are regulated at the colony scale. Females in social insects have at least one reproductive caste and one nonreproductive caste; many termites have at least two male castes. The castes have considerable anatomical, physiological, and behavioural differences in higher social insects. Organismal systems, such as pheromone sensing, hormone signaling, and brain signaling pathways, are deployed in novel circumstances to impact nestmate and colony behaviours due to physiological decentralization over evolutionary time. Significant morphogenesis with region-specific cellular proliferation and degradation occurs during soldier development through two moulting via a presoldier stage in termite. JH action has been developed, in which a high JH titer causes soldier differentiation and a low JH titer causes alate differentiation. A monogamous pair of primary reproductives (one king and one queen) generated from alates normally establishes termite colonies (winged adults). The nymph-alate pathway (sexual pathway) or the worker pathway differentiates larvae in Reticulitermes termites (neuter pathway). Haplo-diploid sex determination controls the first developmental transition, in which unfertilized (haploid) embryos become males and fertilized (diploid) embryos become females in the case of Cataglyphis ant genus. The queen’s mandibular gland secretion, a mix of fatty acids and aromatic chemicals, is critical for maintaining the reproductive division of labour in honeybees (Apis mellifera), suppressing ovary growth in workers. Besides this, the brood produced by the queen also inhibits ovary development in workers by emitting two pheromones: the brood pheromone (BP), mainly composed of esters, and the highly volatile E-b-ocimene.
{"title":"INSIGHTS OF CASTE DETERMINATIONS IN SOCIAL INSECTS","authors":"Md. Mamunur Rahman, Shazzad Hossain, G. M. Riaz, H. Rahman","doi":"10.26480/asm.02.2022.48.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2022.48.54","url":null,"abstract":"Eusocial insects display caste structures in which reproductive ability is possessed by a single or a few queens while all other colony members act as workers. In social insects like ants, bees, and termites, vital physiological processes are regulated at the colony scale. Females in social insects have at least one reproductive caste and one nonreproductive caste; many termites have at least two male castes. The castes have considerable anatomical, physiological, and behavioural differences in higher social insects. Organismal systems, such as pheromone sensing, hormone signaling, and brain signaling pathways, are deployed in novel circumstances to impact nestmate and colony behaviours due to physiological decentralization over evolutionary time. Significant morphogenesis with region-specific cellular proliferation and degradation occurs during soldier development through two moulting via a presoldier stage in termite. JH action has been developed, in which a high JH titer causes soldier differentiation and a low JH titer causes alate differentiation. A monogamous pair of primary reproductives (one king and one queen) generated from alates normally establishes termite colonies (winged adults). The nymph-alate pathway (sexual pathway) or the worker pathway differentiates larvae in Reticulitermes termites (neuter pathway). Haplo-diploid sex determination controls the first developmental transition, in which unfertilized (haploid) embryos become males and fertilized (diploid) embryos become females in the case of Cataglyphis ant genus. The queen’s mandibular gland secretion, a mix of fatty acids and aromatic chemicals, is critical for maintaining the reproductive division of labour in honeybees (Apis mellifera), suppressing ovary growth in workers. Besides this, the brood produced by the queen also inhibits ovary development in workers by emitting two pheromones: the brood pheromone (BP), mainly composed of esters, and the highly volatile E-b-ocimene.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.43.47
I. R. E., Ogbemudia, F. O., Udo, E. D.
Influence of forest canopy types on nutrient availability in litter and soil pools of a forest ecosystem was studied. Four plots each were chosen randomly for open and close forest canopies. In each plot, 4 belt transects were laid, and in each transect, vegetation was sampled. Four litter traps were set in each plot, to collect litter samples in open and close canopies. In each plot, three soil samples (at 0-15 and 15-30 cm) were obtained in the open and close canopies with a soil auger and conveyed to the laboratory for analyses. The open and close canopy plots had 10 and 15 tree species. The close canopy had higher values for sand (91.19±0.01%), and silt (6.56± 0.01%) while the open canopy had high values for clay (3.13±0.01%). The pH of soil was very strongly acidic in the open (4.93±0.02) and close (4.56±0.58) canopies. Higher values for electrical conductivity (0.08±0.005 ds/m), total nitrogen (0.08±0.003 %), organic carbon (3.13±0.001 %), available phosphorus (13.06±0.01mg/kg), Ca (12.04±0.02 cmol/kg), Mg (6.62±0.58 cmol/kg), EA (2.25±0.01 cmol/kg) and ECEC (21.27±1.15 cmol/kg) were recorded in soil of the close canopy while higher values for Na (0.11±0.01 cmol/kg), K (0.13±0.02 cmol/kg) and base saturation (90.83±0.01%) were recorded in soil of the open canopy. For the litter, organic carbon (45.25±7.31%), total nitrogen (1.14±0.06%), Ca (18.33±1.45mg/kg), Mg (8.91±1.16mg/kg), K (284.89±12.25mg/kg), Na (75.71±8.32mg/kg) and P (2.60±0.41mg/kg) were higher in the close forest canopy. This study has implications in deforestation, nutrient availability and cycling as well as forest management and protection.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CANOPY TYPES ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY IN SOIL AND LITTER POOLS OF A FOREST ECOSYSTEM","authors":"I. R. E., Ogbemudia, F. O., Udo, E. D.","doi":"10.26480/asm.02.2022.43.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2022.43.47","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of forest canopy types on nutrient availability in litter and soil pools of a forest ecosystem was studied. Four plots each were chosen randomly for open and close forest canopies. In each plot, 4 belt transects were laid, and in each transect, vegetation was sampled. Four litter traps were set in each plot, to collect litter samples in open and close canopies. In each plot, three soil samples (at 0-15 and 15-30 cm) were obtained in the open and close canopies with a soil auger and conveyed to the laboratory for analyses. The open and close canopy plots had 10 and 15 tree species. The close canopy had higher values for sand (91.19±0.01%), and silt (6.56± 0.01%) while the open canopy had high values for clay (3.13±0.01%). The pH of soil was very strongly acidic in the open (4.93±0.02) and close (4.56±0.58) canopies. Higher values for electrical conductivity (0.08±0.005 ds/m), total nitrogen (0.08±0.003 %), organic carbon (3.13±0.001 %), available phosphorus (13.06±0.01mg/kg), Ca (12.04±0.02 cmol/kg), Mg (6.62±0.58 cmol/kg), EA (2.25±0.01 cmol/kg) and ECEC (21.27±1.15 cmol/kg) were recorded in soil of the close canopy while higher values for Na (0.11±0.01 cmol/kg), K (0.13±0.02 cmol/kg) and base saturation (90.83±0.01%) were recorded in soil of the open canopy. For the litter, organic carbon (45.25±7.31%), total nitrogen (1.14±0.06%), Ca (18.33±1.45mg/kg), Mg (8.91±1.16mg/kg), K (284.89±12.25mg/kg), Na (75.71±8.32mg/kg) and P (2.60±0.41mg/kg) were higher in the close forest canopy. This study has implications in deforestation, nutrient availability and cycling as well as forest management and protection.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.01.05
Pervin Akter, Arju Farhana, A. Ahmed
The allelopathic effect on seed germination, seedling growth, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophyll and cell metabolic activity of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L.verd) and maize (Zea maize L.) to the water extract of root exudates of Polygonum hydropiper L. (T1), Amaranthus spinosus L. (T2), Eclipta alba L. (T3), Mimosa pudica L. (T4) and Cynodon dactylon (G. Don) Exell (T5) were investigated in this study. Allelopathic testing of root exudates on five weed species revealed that all extracts had a noticeable inhibitory effect on tested crops. The results showed that the concentrated aqueous root exudates of T1, T4 and T5 reduced all parameters on both test crops. Yard long bean was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects than maize. The findings suggested that root exudates may affect yard long bean and maize seeds due to the inhibitory effect of allelochemicals present in the tested weeds.
化感作用对豇豆种子萌发、幼苗生长、鲜重、干重、总叶绿素和细胞代谢活性的影响。以水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.) (T1)、苋菜(Amaranthus spinosus L.) (T2)、赤藓(Eclipta alba L.) (T3)、含水草(Mimosa pudica L.) (T4)和长爪蟹(Cynodon dactylon (G. Don) Exell (T5)根分泌物水提取物为研究对象。根分泌物对5种杂草的化感作用试验表明，所有提取物对被试作物均有明显的抑制作用。结果表明，T1、T4和T5的根水浓缩液降低了两种试验作物的所有参数。豇豆对抑菌效果的敏感性高于玉米。研究结果表明，根系分泌物对豇豆和玉米种子的影响可能是由于被试杂草中存在的化感物质的抑制作用。
{"title":"ALLELOPATHIC RESPONSE OF ROOT EXUDATES OF FIVE COMMON WEEDS IN YARD LONG BEAN (VIGNA UNGUICULATA SUBSP. SESQUIPEDALIS L. VERD] AND MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)","authors":"Pervin Akter, Arju Farhana, A. Ahmed","doi":"10.26480/asm.01.2022.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2022.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The allelopathic effect on seed germination, seedling growth, fresh weight, dry weight, total chlorophyll and cell metabolic activity of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L.verd) and maize (Zea maize L.) to the water extract of root exudates of Polygonum hydropiper L. (T1), Amaranthus spinosus L. (T2), Eclipta alba L. (T3), Mimosa pudica L. (T4) and Cynodon dactylon (G. Don) Exell (T5) were investigated in this study. Allelopathic testing of root exudates on five weed species revealed that all extracts had a noticeable inhibitory effect on tested crops. The results showed that the concentrated aqueous root exudates of T1, T4 and T5 reduced all parameters on both test crops. Yard long bean was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects than maize. The findings suggested that root exudates may affect yard long bean and maize seeds due to the inhibitory effect of allelochemicals present in the tested weeds.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.06.09
K. Leizou, M. Ashraf
Nanotechnology has emerged as a state-of-the-art and cutting-edge technology with multifarious applications in a wide array of fields. The goal of this study was to create magnesium oxide nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of curry leaves (murraya koenigii or bergera koenigii). The morphology, elemental content, shape, and size of the produced MgO nanoparticles were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX). According to the SEM data, the MgO nanoparticle forms were well disseminated, with a spherical shape and particle sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm. While the EDX pattern infers the sample’s elemental composition, the average occurrence of Mg was 32.45 percent. Plant extracts were used to successfully produce MgO nanoparticlse, which is an essential alternative technique because it is non-toxic, biocompatible, and environmentally benign.
{"title":"GREEN SYNTHESIS APPROACH, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS OF MgO NANO PARTICLES USING CURRY LEAF (MURRAYA KOENIGII)","authors":"K. Leizou, M. Ashraf","doi":"10.26480/asm.01.2022.06.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2022.06.09","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has emerged as a state-of-the-art and cutting-edge technology with multifarious applications in a wide array of fields. The goal of this study was to create magnesium oxide nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of curry leaves (murraya koenigii or bergera koenigii). The morphology, elemental content, shape, and size of the produced MgO nanoparticles were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX). According to the SEM data, the MgO nanoparticle forms were well disseminated, with a spherical shape and particle sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm. While the EDX pattern infers the sample’s elemental composition, the average occurrence of Mg was 32.45 percent. Plant extracts were used to successfully produce MgO nanoparticlse, which is an essential alternative technique because it is non-toxic, biocompatible, and environmentally benign.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.01.2022.10.16
Fatik Baran Mandal, B. Chakroborty
Few insects have the sensory ability to sense and use the earth’s magnetic field. Studies have revealed a wealth of information on the magnetic sense of some insects. However, the mechanism of sensing the earth’s magnetic field, called magnetoreception, is still enigmatic in insects. Magnetoreception studies in fruit flies, bees, and ants are well-documented. Of two hypothesized types of magnetoreception mechanisms in those insects, one is ferromagnetic, and the other is light-dependent. Although experimental results appear to be consistent with the proposed hypothesized mechanisms it is possible that there is still an unknown mechanism that would explain and confirm the experimental results. Thus, theories explaining magnetoreception in insects are yet to be come out. Magnetoreception plays a role in migration, orientation, as well as navigation in insects. Several sensory cues play significant role in migration. Moreover, our understanding of magnetoreception requires information from various branches of science, such as physics, behavioural biology, zoology, and environmental biology. The article attempts to update the account of magnetoreception in the said insects as well as to identify the gaps in our knowledge thereof.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.34.37
Behnaz Alijanpoor, Masoumeh Safaeishakib
In this research, the cytogenetic characteristics, phases of meiosis, abnormality during meiosis, variety of pollen grains, and cytomixis phenomenon have been studied. Populations of 10 species belonging to Salvia L. have been collected from different geographical regions of Iran. Cytomixis was recorded during meiosis I in three species of Salvia (S. nemorosa, S. staminea, S. verticellata) of the Lamiaceae family. Cytomixis and other associated meiotic abnormalities such as chromatin stickiness, clumping of metaphase -1, laggards, bridges, aberrations anaphase I, II, and micronuclei in the species reported into pollen sterility and some variable sizes. It can be said all of these are dependent on each other to create some abnormalities. Cytomixis and chromosome migration occurre in diploid and polyploid meiocytes.
本研究从细胞遗传学特征、减数分裂阶段、减数分裂过程中的异常、花粉粒的变化以及细胞分裂现象等方面进行了研究。在伊朗不同的地理区域收集了鼠尾草属的10种居群。记录了三种丹参(S. nemorosa, S. staminea, S. verticellata)在减数分裂I期发生细胞分裂。细胞分裂和其他相关的减数分裂异常，如染色质粘连，中期-1的聚集，滞后，桥，后期I, II的畸变和微核，在该物种中报道为花粉不育和一些可变大小。可以说，所有这些都是相互依赖的，产生了一些异常。细胞分裂和染色体迁移发生在二倍体和多倍体减数细胞中。
{"title":"CYTOMIXIS AND MEIOTIC ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR RELATED IN SOME SELECTED SPECIES OF THE GENUS Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) FROM IRAN","authors":"Behnaz Alijanpoor, Masoumeh Safaeishakib","doi":"10.26480/asm.02.2022.34.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2022.34.37","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the cytogenetic characteristics, phases of meiosis, abnormality during meiosis, variety of pollen grains, and cytomixis phenomenon have been studied. Populations of 10 species belonging to Salvia L. have been collected from different geographical regions of Iran. Cytomixis was recorded during meiosis I in three species of Salvia (S. nemorosa, S. staminea, S. verticellata) of the Lamiaceae family. Cytomixis and other associated meiotic abnormalities such as chromatin stickiness, clumping of metaphase -1, laggards, bridges, aberrations anaphase I, II, and micronuclei in the species reported into pollen sterility and some variable sizes. It can be said all of these are dependent on each other to create some abnormalities. Cytomixis and chromosome migration occurre in diploid and polyploid meiocytes.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/asm.02.2022.38.42
B. Ghimire, Roshan Giri, S. P. Chimouriya
Writing cross stroke examination is one of the difficult and challenging problem in forensic document examination. In this work, we tried to find sequence of order in crossing printed and pen strokes. The study mainly deals with application of chromaticity diagram generated by Video Spectral Comparator (VSC)-6000. Chromaticity co-ordinates are generated from three different points of first, second and cross strokes. When two strokes cross each other, then surface on point of intersection corresponds to second stroke. So, we have started this work with the assumption that chromaticity co-ordinate (x,y) of the crossing stroke should be similar to that of second stroke. We perform our experiment in both homogeneous and heterogeneous crossing strokes. We repeat the same experiment five times by preparing different samples each time to establish more valid conclusion but we get positive and conclusive results only in the case of heterogeneous crossing strokes where printed stroke is above the pen strokes.
{"title":"STUDY OF CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER IN INTERSECTING PRINTED AND PEN STROKES WITH THE HELP OF CHROMATICITY DIAGRAM","authors":"B. Ghimire, Roshan Giri, S. P. Chimouriya","doi":"10.26480/asm.02.2022.38.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2022.38.42","url":null,"abstract":"Writing cross stroke examination is one of the difficult and challenging problem in forensic document examination. In this work, we tried to find sequence of order in crossing printed and pen strokes. The study mainly deals with application of chromaticity diagram generated by Video Spectral Comparator (VSC)-6000. Chromaticity co-ordinates are generated from three different points of first, second and cross strokes. When two strokes cross each other, then surface on point of intersection corresponds to second stroke. So, we have started this work with the assumption that chromaticity co-ordinate (x,y) of the crossing stroke should be similar to that of second stroke. We perform our experiment in both homogeneous and heterogeneous crossing strokes. We repeat the same experiment five times by preparing different samples each time to establish more valid conclusion but we get positive and conclusive results only in the case of heterogeneous crossing strokes where printed stroke is above the pen strokes.","PeriodicalId":53069,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientifica Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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