Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5131
D. Kowalska
Global production of compound feed in 2018 was 1.103 billion tonnes, which was an increase of 3% compared to 2017. To meet the needs of the growing livestock population, a further increase in compound feed production is necessary. The need for new, alternative nutrient sources for feed production, in order to meet the anticipated consumer demand for animal products, has led to an increase in research on the potential uses and effects of insect-derived products, such as whole insects or insect meals and oils. Insects appear to be one of the most promising alternatives to nutrient sources such as soybean and fish meal, commonly used in feed for livestock and aquaculture. The purpose of the review was to present the currently available literature on the use of insects as feed in livestock production and to systematize it in one easy-to-read document. Particular focus has been placed on the use of insect products for animals such as poultry, rabbits and pigs, as well as their effect on productivity, nutrient digestibility, performance, and product quality. The results of numerous studies suggest that insects can be a source of nutrients in feed for poultry, rabbits and pigs.
{"title":"Insects as a source of nutrients in animal feed","authors":"D. Kowalska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5131","url":null,"abstract":"Global production of compound feed in 2018 was 1.103 billion tonnes, which was an increase\u0000of 3% compared to 2017. To meet the needs of the growing livestock population, a further increase\u0000in compound feed production is necessary. The need for new, alternative nutrient sources for feed\u0000production, in order to meet the anticipated consumer demand for animal products, has led to an\u0000increase in research on the potential uses and effects of insect-derived products, such as whole\u0000insects or insect meals and oils. Insects appear to be one of the most promising alternatives to nutrient\u0000sources such as soybean and fish meal, commonly used in feed for livestock and aquaculture. The\u0000purpose of the review was to present the currently available literature on the use of insects as feed\u0000in livestock production and to systematize it in one easy-to-read document. Particular focus has\u0000been placed on the use of insect products for animals such as poultry, rabbits and pigs, as well as\u0000their effect on productivity, nutrient digestibility, performance, and product quality. The results of\u0000numerous studies suggest that insects can be a source of nutrients in feed for poultry, rabbits and\u0000pigs.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83711133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5068
I. Janczarek, M. Wiśniewska, I. Wilk, Marta Liss, E. Wnuk-Pawlak, Marta Dybczyńska
The first aim of study was to assess the feelings of friendship and companionship among mares released into a paddock in different combinations by analysing the duration of behaviours occurring there as well as changes in heart rhythm. The second aim of the study was to develop a procedure for creating different herd configurations based on the individual affiliative needs of horses, expressed as a score. The study was conducted on 12 one-year-old Thoroughbred mares. It was carried out on three consecutive days during the horses’ 30-minute stay in the paddock. On the first day, all mares were in the paddock together. On the second day, they were released in pairs, and on the third day, they were released individually. Expressions of affiliative behaviours (feelings of friendship and companionship) towards another horse were timed. The activity of the parasympathetic system was measured as well. The results were used to score the mares’ affiliative behaviour using a procedure of our own design. Feelings of friendship and companionship were found to be most strongly expressed when a herd of horses with an established hierarchy including each individual was present on the paddock. Releasing horses in pairs is a good substitute for releasing the entire herd, but cannot replace true herd relations, due to decreased expression of feelings of closeness and companionship, such as play or grooming. Releasing horses into the paddock individually is not recommended because it disturbs social behaviour, thus increasing emotional excitability. Emotional excitability is calmed when horses are released in pairs, so this configuration can be used for excitable horses. The best solution, however, seems to be the use of the affiliative behaviour score proposed in the study, as an indicator of the individual needs of mares when creating various herd configurations.
{"title":"Assessment of affiliative behaviour in mares","authors":"I. Janczarek, M. Wiśniewska, I. Wilk, Marta Liss, E. Wnuk-Pawlak, Marta Dybczyńska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5068","url":null,"abstract":"The first aim of study was to assess the feelings of friendship and companionship among mares released into a paddock in different combinations by analysing the duration of behaviours occurring there as well as changes in heart rhythm. The second aim of the study was to develop a procedure for creating different herd configurations based on the individual affiliative needs of horses, expressed as a score. The study was conducted on 12 one-year-old Thoroughbred mares. It was carried out on three consecutive days during the horses’ 30-minute stay in the paddock. On the first day, all mares were in the paddock together. On the second day, they were released in pairs, and on the third day, they were released individually. Expressions of affiliative behaviours (feelings of friendship and companionship) towards another horse were timed. The activity of the parasympathetic system was measured as well. The results were used to score the mares’ affiliative behaviour using a procedure of our own design. Feelings of friendship and companionship were found to be most strongly expressed when a herd of horses with an established hierarchy including each individual was present on the paddock. Releasing horses in pairs is a good substitute for releasing the entire herd, but cannot replace true herd relations, due to decreased expression of feelings of closeness and companionship, such as play or grooming. Releasing horses into the paddock individually is not recommended because it disturbs social behaviour, thus increasing emotional excitability. Emotional excitability is calmed when horses are released in pairs, so this configuration can be used for excitable horses. The best solution, however, seems to be the use of the affiliative behaviour score proposed in the study, as an indicator of the individual needs of mares when creating various herd configurations.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76139542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5065
W. Drobik-Czwarno, A. Wolc, K. Kucharska, E. Martyniuk
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) poses a huge threat to poultry production and also introduces an epidemiological risk in the human population. Thus far, HPAI has been controlled mainly through widespread implementation of biosecurity, and in the case of an outbreak, liquidation of flocks and establishment of protection zones. Alternative strategies for combating HPAI include the use of vaccines, genetic modification, and genetic selection for increased general and specific immunity in birds. These kinds of strategies often require identification of the genes involved in the immune response to the pathogen. Many genes have been identified as potentially associated with differences in the response to HPAI between poultry species and between individuals. Thus far, the most attention has been focused on genes taking part in regulating the innate immune response, which is responsible for preventing infection and limiting the replication and spread of the virus. The most commonly mentioned candidates for layer chickens include interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and RIG-I-like receptors. Proteins encoded by genes of the BTLN family, defensins, and proteins involved in apoptosis have also been associated with differences in the response to HPAI. Recent years have seen an increasing number of studies on the genetic determinants of individual differences in the response to HPAI in chickens. Data from HPAI outbreaks in the US in the spring of 2015 and Mexico in the years 2012-2016 have enabled a more precise analysis of this problem. A number of genes have been identified as associated with the immune response, but their specific role in determining the survival of birds requires further study. Preliminary results indicate that genetic determinants of resistance to HPAI are highly complex and can vary depending on the virus strain and the genetic line of birds.
{"title":"Genetic determinants of resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens","authors":"W. Drobik-Czwarno, A. Wolc, K. Kucharska, E. Martyniuk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5065","url":null,"abstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) poses a huge threat to poultry production and also introduces an epidemiological risk in the human population. Thus far, HPAI has been controlled mainly through widespread implementation of biosecurity, and in the case of an outbreak, liquidation of flocks and establishment of protection zones. Alternative strategies for combating HPAI include the use of vaccines, genetic modification, and genetic selection for increased general and specific immunity in birds. These kinds of strategies often require identification of the genes involved in the immune response to the pathogen. Many genes have been identified as potentially associated with differences in the response to HPAI between poultry species and between individuals. Thus far, the most attention has been focused on genes taking part in regulating the innate immune response, which is responsible for preventing infection and limiting the replication and spread of the virus. The most commonly mentioned candidates for layer chickens include interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and RIG-I-like receptors. Proteins encoded by genes of the BTLN family, defensins, and proteins involved in apoptosis have also been associated with differences in the response to HPAI. Recent years have seen an increasing number of studies on the genetic determinants of individual differences in the response to HPAI in chickens. Data from HPAI outbreaks in the US in the spring of 2015 and Mexico in the years 2012-2016 have enabled a more precise analysis of this problem. A number of genes have been identified as associated with the immune response, but their specific role in determining the survival of birds requires further study. Preliminary results indicate that genetic determinants of resistance to HPAI are highly complex and can vary depending on the virus strain and the genetic line of birds.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75092538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5067
M. Iwanina, S. Kondracki
An attempt was made to determine the dependence of the frequency of sperm defects and dimensions on sperm motility in ejaculates of Polish Landrace boars. The study was conducted on 393 ejaculates collected from 33 Polish Landrace boars. Ejaculates were grouped according to the percentage of sperm with progressive motility, distinguishing ejaculates in which the percentage of motile sperm was 70% and 80%. In each ejaculate, the frequency of morphological changes in the sperm was determined and morphometric measurements of the sperm were made. Ejaculates with a higher proportion of sperm with progressive motility were found to contain more sperm. The ejaculate volume and sperm concentration in the ejaculate were not found to be directly associated with sperm motility. The frequency of primary defects was linked to sperm motility. Ejaculates with higher sperm motility contained fewer sperm with primary defects. The frequency of minor morphological changes, however, shows no significant dependence on sperm motility in the ejaculate. The primary morphological sperm defects most often found in ejaculates are a proximal droplet and the Dag defect. Both of these morphological forms are more common in ejaculates with lower sperm motility. The most common secondary sperm defects include sperm with a simple bent tail, sperm with a free normal head, and sperm with a distal droplet. These defects were not found to depend on sperm motility in the ejaculate. Sperm cells in ejaculates with greater sperm motility had slightly larger dimensions than sperm in ejaculates with lower sperm motility. Ejaculates with higher sperm motility are preferable for use in practice, not only because more insemination portions can be prepared from them, but also due to the lower frequency of primary defects.
{"title":"Dependence of the frequency of sperm defects and dimensions on sperm motility in ejaculates of Polish Landrace boars","authors":"M. Iwanina, S. Kondracki","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5067","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt was made to determine the dependence of the frequency of sperm defects and dimensions on sperm motility in ejaculates of Polish Landrace boars. The study was conducted on 393 ejaculates collected from 33 Polish Landrace boars. Ejaculates were grouped according to the percentage of sperm with progressive motility, distinguishing ejaculates in which the percentage of motile sperm was 70% and 80%. In each ejaculate, the frequency of morphological changes in the sperm was determined and morphometric measurements of the sperm were made. Ejaculates with a higher proportion of sperm with progressive motility were found to contain more sperm. The ejaculate volume and sperm concentration in the ejaculate were not found to be directly associated with sperm motility. The frequency of primary defects was linked to sperm motility. Ejaculates with higher sperm motility contained fewer sperm with primary defects. The frequency of minor morphological changes, however, shows no significant dependence on sperm motility in the ejaculate. The primary morphological sperm defects most often found in ejaculates are a proximal droplet and the Dag defect. Both of these morphological forms are more common in ejaculates with lower sperm motility. The most common secondary sperm defects include sperm with a simple bent tail, sperm with a free normal head, and sperm with a distal droplet. These defects were not found to depend on sperm motility in the ejaculate. Sperm cells in ejaculates with greater sperm motility had slightly larger dimensions than sperm in ejaculates with lower sperm motility. Ejaculates with higher sperm motility are preferable for use in practice, not only because more insemination portions can be prepared from them, but also due to the lower frequency of primary defects.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89560643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5066
S. Hiller, I. Kowalewska-Łuczak, E. Czerniawska-Piątkowska
The aim of this study was to identify SNPs mutations in the CATHL2 gene and determine their potential association with dairy performance traits in Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian (phf) cows. Genotypes of individuals were identified by PCR-RFLP. The frequencies of CATHL2/DdeI alleles were C ‒ 0.693 and T ‒ 0.307, and for CATHL2/HhaI polymorphisms, G ‒ 0.763 and C ‒ 0.237. The statistical analysis showed that cows with the CC (CATHL2/DdeI) and CG (CATHL2/HhaI) genotype produced higher milk yield than the other cattle genotypes. In the case of CATHL2/DdeI and CATHL2/HhaI polymorphisms, the highest somatic cell count was found in heterozygous CT and CG cows.
{"title":"CATHL2 gene polymorphism in relation to production traits in Holstein-Friesian cows","authors":"S. Hiller, I. Kowalewska-Łuczak, E. Czerniawska-Piątkowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5066","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to identify SNPs mutations in the CATHL2 gene and determine their potential association with dairy performance traits in Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian (phf) cows. Genotypes of individuals were identified by PCR-RFLP. The frequencies of CATHL2/DdeI alleles were C ‒ 0.693 and T ‒ 0.307, and for CATHL2/HhaI polymorphisms, G ‒ 0.763 and C ‒ 0.237. The statistical analysis showed that cows with the CC (CATHL2/DdeI) and CG (CATHL2/HhaI) genotype produced higher milk yield than the other cattle genotypes. In the case of CATHL2/DdeI and CATHL2/HhaI polymorphisms, the highest somatic cell count was found in heterozygous CT and CG cows.","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"393 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83341487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.4539
Maciej Ziółkowski, Agnieszka Redlarska, Katarzyna Adamus-Fiszer, J. Kania-Gierdziewicz
The aim of the study was to present the manner in which coat colour genes are inherited in the Newfoundland dog breed and to estimate the number of dogs with various coat colours in the Polish Newfoundland dog population in 2017. This population numbered 656 dogs, including 248 males and 408 females. The estimated number of dogs of this breed also included all registered puppies, broken down by gender and coat colour. The genes determining coat colour are described, including more precisely the genes responsible for the coat colour of the Newfoundland breed. According to FCI regulations, the coat colours for Newfoundland dogs are black, brown and black-and-white. Other colours, such as brown-and-white or blue, are not recognized for breeding purposes in Europe. The study found that the dominant black coat was predominant in the Polish Newfoundland dog population in 2017. These dogs could be heterozygous at some other loci and have undesirable alleles. The second most common coat colour was chocolate, while the fewest dogs had spotted coats. The group with spotted coats contained more males than females, in contrast to the other two colour variants. There were also individuals with the blue coat colour, which is not accepted for breeding, as the result of mating of parents with proper coat colours. An understanding of how dog coat colours are inherited and the need for tests to determine coat colour genotypes would make it possible to foresee the occurrence of incorrect colours in subsequent generations, which is crucial for Newfoundland dog breeders, whose goal is to obtain dogs whose coat colour is in line with the FCI standard.
{"title":"Inheritance of different coat colours in Newfoundland dogs in Poland","authors":"Maciej Ziółkowski, Agnieszka Redlarska, Katarzyna Adamus-Fiszer, J. Kania-Gierdziewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.4539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4539","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to present the manner in which coat colour genes are inherited in the Newfoundland dog breed and to estimate the number of dogs with various coat colours in the Polish Newfoundland dog population in 2017. This population numbered 656 dogs, including 248 males and 408 females. The estimated number of dogs of this breed also included all registered puppies, broken down by gender and coat colour. The genes determining coat colour are described, including more precisely the genes responsible for the coat colour of the Newfoundland breed. According to FCI regulations, the coat colours for Newfoundland dogs are black, brown and black-and-white. Other colours, such as brown-and-white or blue, are not recognized for breeding purposes in Europe. The study found that the dominant black coat was predominant in the Polish Newfoundland dog population in 2017. These dogs could be heterozygous at some other loci and have undesirable alleles. The second most common coat colour was chocolate, while the fewest dogs had spotted coats. The group with spotted coats contained more males than females, in contrast to the other two colour variants. There were also individuals with the blue coat colour, which is not accepted for breeding, as the result of mating of parents with proper coat colours. An understanding of how dog coat colours are inherited and the need for tests to determine coat colour genotypes would make it possible to foresee the occurrence of incorrect colours in subsequent generations, which is crucial for Newfoundland dog breeders, whose goal is to obtain dogs whose coat colour is in line with the FCI standard.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5063
H. Sieczkowska, Agata Nurzyńska, K. Tarczyński, A. Zybert, E. Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk, K. Antosik
The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequencies of meat quality classes in pigs from the mass population. The study was carried out in the spring/summer season on 220 fatteners. The rearing and pre-slaughter handling conditions were the same for all animals. Slaughter and carcass handling were carried out according to the procedures used at the meat plant. The research material was similar in terms of hot carcass weight (85.27 ±3.06 kg) and lean meat content (58.02 ±2.76%). The results have shown that significant issues for the pork meat industry are acid meat (AM, with low suitability for processing) and exudative meat. The percentage of AM meat was as high as 25%, while 68% was exudative meat within the category of meat assessed as RFN (red, firm, normal). For accurate and detailed conclusions, studies must be conducted in fatteners of known origin (genotype).
{"title":"Frequency of meat quality classes in fatteners from the mass population","authors":"H. Sieczkowska, Agata Nurzyńska, K. Tarczyński, A. Zybert, E. Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk, K. Antosik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5063","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequencies of meat quality classes in pigs from the mass population. The study was carried out in the spring/summer season on 220 fatteners. The rearing and pre-slaughter handling conditions were the same for all animals. Slaughter and carcass handling were carried out according to the procedures used at the meat plant. The research material was similar in terms of hot carcass weight (85.27 ±3.06 kg) and lean meat content (58.02 ±2.76%). The results have shown that significant issues for the pork meat industry are acid meat (AM, with low suitability for processing) and exudative meat. The percentage of AM meat was as high as 25%, while 68% was exudative meat within the category of meat assessed as RFN (red, firm, normal). For accurate and detailed conclusions, studies must be conducted in fatteners of known origin (genotype).\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76218567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.4535
E. Kondera
Haematopoiesis is a complex process in which haematopoietic stem cells, the most immature elements of the haematopoietic hierarchy, proliferate and differentiate into various classes of haematopoietic progenitor cells. These progenitor cells have been shown to be able to differentiate into mature blood cells: erythrocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes. The pronephros, or head kidney, is a basic organ forming the blood elements, and is also a reservoir of blood cells. Basic haematopoietic structures and mechanisms in fish are similar to those functioning in other vertebrates, and all haematopoietic cell types are very similar to those of mammals.
{"title":"Haematopoiesis and haematopoietic organs in fish","authors":"E. Kondera","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.4535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4535","url":null,"abstract":"Haematopoiesis is a complex process in which haematopoietic stem cells, the most immature elements of the haematopoietic hierarchy, proliferate and differentiate into various classes of haematopoietic progenitor cells. These progenitor cells have been shown to be able to differentiate into mature blood cells: erythrocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes. The pronephros, or head kidney, is a basic organ forming the blood elements, and is also a reservoir of blood cells. Basic haematopoietic structures and mechanisms in fish are similar to those functioning in other vertebrates, and all haematopoietic cell types are very similar to those of mammals.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77131775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5079
S. Pałka, M. Kmiecik, Ł. Migdał, K. Kozioł, A. Otwinowska-Mindur, J. Bieniek
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of housing conditions and breed on the growth, slaughter traits and meat quality traits of Blanc de Termonde (n=34; 15♂, 19♀) and Popielno White (n=28; 15♂, 13♀) rabbits. Until weaning at 35 days of age the young rabbits were kept with their mothers in wooden hutches. After weaning they were divided into two groups. Rabbits from group I (n=42; 21♂ and 21♀) were kept two per cage in a battery system. Each cage was 40 cm wide, 90 cm long and 35 cm high. Animals from group II (n=20; 8♂ and 12♀) were kept in boxes with dimensions of 100 x 100 x 100 cm, on deep litter. Four or five rabbits were kept in each box, with males and females separated. The rabbits were feed pellets ad libitum. They were weighed weekly from birth to 12 weeks of age. Slaughter and dissection were performed at 12 weeks of age. At 45 min after slaughter the pH in the longissimus lumborum and biceps femoris muscles was measured, as well as the colour (L*, a*, b*). In the case of growth and slaughter traits, significant differences between housing systems were observed, but the housing systems was not found to significantly influence the dressing percentage or meat quality traits. Breed did not significantly influence body weight (except for litter weight at birth), slaughter traits, or meat quality traits.
研究了饲养条件和品种对白羊生长、屠宰性状和肉质性状的影响(n=34;♂15只，♀19只)和Popielno White (n=28;15只公兔，13只母兔。35日龄断奶前，幼兔与母兔一起饲养在木笼子里。断奶后，他们被分成两组。第一组家兔(n=42;每笼养2只，公21只，♀21只。每个笼子宽40厘米，长90厘米，高35厘米。II组动物(n=20;8只公、12只♀)饲养于尺寸为100 × 100 × 100 cm的箱中，置深垫料。每个盒子里养了四五只兔子，雌雄分开。给兔随意喂饲料。它们从出生到12周龄，每周都要称重。12周龄时进行屠宰和解剖。屠宰后45分钟测量腰最长肌和股二头肌的pH值，并测量颜色(L*， a*， b*)。在生长和屠宰性状方面，不同圈养制度之间存在显著差异，但圈养制度对屠宰率和肉质性状没有显著影响。品种对体重(出生时窝重除外)、屠宰性状和肉质性状没有显著影响。
{"title":"Effect of housing system and breed on growth, slaughter traits and meat quality traits in rabbits","authors":"S. Pałka, M. Kmiecik, Ł. Migdał, K. Kozioł, A. Otwinowska-Mindur, J. Bieniek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5079","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the effect of housing conditions and breed on the growth, slaughter traits and meat quality traits of Blanc de Termonde (n=34; 15♂, 19♀) and Popielno White (n=28; 15♂, 13♀) rabbits. Until weaning at 35 days of age the young rabbits were kept with their mothers in wooden hutches. After weaning they were divided into two groups. Rabbits from group I (n=42; 21♂ and 21♀) were kept two per cage in a battery system. Each cage was 40 cm wide, 90 cm long and 35 cm high. Animals from group II (n=20; 8♂ and 12♀) were kept in boxes with dimensions of 100 x 100 x 100 cm, on deep litter. Four or five rabbits were kept in each box, with males and females separated. The rabbits were feed pellets ad libitum. They were weighed weekly from birth to 12 weeks of age. Slaughter and dissection were performed at 12 weeks of age. At 45 min after slaughter the pH in the longissimus lumborum and biceps femoris muscles was measured, as well as the colour (L*, a*, b*). In the case of growth and slaughter traits, significant differences between housing systems were observed, but the housing systems was not found to significantly influence the dressing percentage or meat quality traits. Breed did not significantly influence body weight (except for litter weight at birth), slaughter traits, or meat quality traits.","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86892807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5080
A. Boruta, B. Baginska, A. Kurek, D. Dzierżanowska-Góryń
The aim of the study was to analyse the results of mating of female Labrador retrievers from show lines with show-line males with working certificates. The research material consisted of breeding results from the Sodalis FCI kennel from 2005-2011, which included 26 litters from eight bitches. Sires with working certificates were used in seven matings. The number of puppies born, the number of stillborn or euthanized puppies, the number of puppies reared, and the ratio of puppies reared to puppies born were analysed. On average 0.44 more puppies were born and 0.68 more were reared in litters from show-line sires with working certificates. The percentages of retained placentas and of stillborn puppies and puppies requiring euthanasia were higher in litters from show-line sires without working certificates. The differences were not confirmed statistically.
{"title":"Analysis of the reproductive performance of Labradors with working certificates","authors":"A. Boruta, B. Baginska, A. Kurek, D. Dzierżanowska-Góryń","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5080","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to analyse the results of mating of female Labrador retrievers from show lines with show-line males with working certificates. The research material consisted of breeding results from the Sodalis FCI kennel from 2005-2011, which included 26 litters from eight bitches. Sires with working certificates were used in seven matings. The number of puppies born, the number of stillborn or euthanized puppies, the number of puppies reared, and the ratio of puppies reared to puppies born were analysed. On average 0.44 more puppies were born and 0.68 more were reared in litters from show-line sires with working certificates. The percentages of retained placentas and of stillborn puppies and puppies requiring euthanasia were higher in litters from show-line sires without working certificates. The differences were not confirmed statistically.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80174801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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