Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.0532
Michał Patrzałek, B. Bojarski, J. Antonkiewicz
Different types of pesticides are commonly used in modern agriculture. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are sensitive indicators of environmental contamination with these substances. Exposure of honey bees to pesticides can lead to changes in their behaviour and increase mortality, so it is important to develop formulations that provide alternatives to common (‘chemical’) pesticides. The preparation Siltac EC, that has recently been developed (patent no. WO 2016/061259), shows promise as an effective substitute. This preparation is based on a physical interaction with the pest. It does not contain chemicals classified as pesticides. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxicity of Siltac EC to adult honeybee workers. The experiments showed that both contact and oral acute toxicity were very low and the preparation can be initially considered safe for honey bees.
{"title":"Acute toxicity of Siltac EC to the honey bee (Apis mellifera)","authors":"Michał Patrzałek, B. Bojarski, J. Antonkiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.0532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.0532","url":null,"abstract":"Different types of pesticides are commonly used in modern agriculture. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are sensitive indicators of environmental contamination with these substances. Exposure of honey bees to pesticides can lead to changes in their behaviour and increase mortality, so it is important to develop formulations that provide alternatives to common (‘chemical’) pesticides. The preparation Siltac EC, that has recently been developed (patent no. WO 2016/061259), shows promise as an effective substitute. This preparation is based on a physical interaction with the pest. It does not contain chemicals classified as pesticides. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxicity of Siltac EC to adult honeybee workers. The experiments showed that both contact and oral acute toxicity were very low and the preparation can be initially considered safe for honey bees.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83397649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.6073
Anna Czubernat, J. Makulska, M. Krogh, A. Stygar
The aim of the study was to use evolutionary operations (EVOP) to evaluate changes in the behaviour of dairy cows depending on the strategy according to which they were grouped after calving. The experiment was carried out on a Danish farm keeping about 200 Holstein cows. The farm had two separate areas for lactating cows: a small area with 54 waterbeds and a larger area with 133 beds with mattresses. During the experiment both areas were filled with cows. Cows after calving were introduced to either the small area (group) or the large area (group). After 14 days, the cows from the small group were transferred to the large group. The impact of different cow grouping strategies on their lying time, considered a welfare indicator, was examined. During the 210-day experiment, 195,703 observations were collected. The behavioural data were analysed using a linear mixed-effect regression model fitted by the maximum likelihood method. Days in milk, parity number, and lying time of herd mates were found to significantly affect the lying time of individual cows, while the strategy of cow grouping after calving had no effect on lying time.
{"title":"The use of evolutionary operations to assess the intervention effect on the behaviour of dairy cows","authors":"Anna Czubernat, J. Makulska, M. Krogh, A. Stygar","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.6073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6073","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to use evolutionary operations (EVOP) to evaluate changes in the behaviour of dairy cows depending on the strategy according to which they were grouped after calving. The experiment was carried out on a Danish farm keeping about 200 Holstein cows. The farm had two separate areas for lactating cows: a small area with 54 waterbeds and a larger area with 133 beds with mattresses. During the experiment both areas were filled with cows. Cows after calving were introduced to either the small area (group) or the large area (group). After 14 days, the cows from the small group were transferred to the large group. The impact of different cow grouping strategies on their lying time, considered a welfare indicator, was examined. During the 210-day experiment, 195,703 observations were collected. The behavioural data were analysed using a linear mixed-effect regression model fitted by the maximum likelihood method. Days in milk, parity number, and lying time of herd mates were found to significantly affect the lying time of individual cows, while the strategy of cow grouping after calving had no effect on lying time.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89786643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.5305
S. Pałka, M. Kmiecik, Ł. Migdał
The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the addition of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds to rabbit feed on their breeding and lactation performance. The research material was female Blanc de Termonde rabbits (n = 22) and their offspring – four consecutive litters. The does were divided into three feeding groups, and each group was fed ad libitum a commercial pelleted complete feed with min. 17,5% crude protein, max. 15% crude fibre, and 2-3% crude fat. The diet for does in the control group (n = 6) contained wheat bran, dried alfalfa, extracted soybeans, barley, beet pulp, sunflower meal, and a vitamin and mineral supplement. The does in experimental group I (n = 8) were fed a diet enriched with 2% dried nettle leaves, while the diet for experimental group II (n = 8) contained fenugreek seeds (2%). The rabbits were mated between 10 and 14 days after kindling. To examine the effect of the herbal supplements on the does’ reproductive and lactation performance, the following information was collected: number of rabbits born per litter, litter weight at 24 h after birth and at 21 days of age, and milk yield. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS statistical package. The results show positive effects of the use of nettle leaves and fenugreek seeds in the diet of female rabbits, but this should be confirmed in further research.
{"title":"Effect of a diet supplemented with nettle (Urtica dioica L.) or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on the litter size and milk yield of rabbits","authors":"S. Pałka, M. Kmiecik, Ł. Migdał","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.5305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5305","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the addition of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds to rabbit feed on their breeding and lactation performance. The research material was female Blanc de Termonde rabbits (n = 22) and their offspring – four consecutive litters. The does were divided into three feeding groups, and each group was fed ad libitum a commercial pelleted complete feed with min. 17,5% crude protein, max. 15% crude fibre, and 2-3% crude fat. The diet for does in the control group (n = 6) contained wheat bran, dried alfalfa, extracted soybeans, barley, beet pulp, sunflower meal, and a vitamin and mineral supplement. The does in experimental group I (n = 8) were fed a diet enriched with 2% dried nettle leaves, while the diet for experimental group II (n = 8) contained fenugreek seeds (2%). The rabbits were mated between 10 and 14 days after kindling. To examine the effect of the herbal supplements on the does’ reproductive and lactation performance, the following information was collected: number of rabbits born per litter, litter weight at 24 h after birth and at 21 days of age, and milk yield. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS statistical package. The results show positive effects of the use of nettle leaves and fenugreek seeds in the diet of female rabbits, but this should be confirmed in further research.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78298171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.6072
E. Bombik, J. Sokol, Katarzyna Pietrzkiewicz
Fat cow syndrome (fatty liver disease) is a common metabolic problem in dairy cow production during the transition period, from the dry period to lactation. This syndrome occurs when due to liver uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), they are stored in excess as triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the liver. Currently, diagnosis of this disorder must be confirmed by a liver biopsy to determine the fat content of liver cells, as well as blood tests for increased levels of liver enzymes (GGT, SDH, AST, and bilirubin). Fat cow syndrome is associated with the occurrence of clinical diseases, decreased immunity, and problems with reproduction. It is a major problem in the herd health due to the high cost of veterinary services, a longer calving interval, and reduced longevity of cows, causing enormous economic losses. The best means of prevention is good nutrition and routine blood tests in the herd.
{"title":"Fatty liver disease in dairy cattle – risk factors, symptoms and prevention","authors":"E. Bombik, J. Sokol, Katarzyna Pietrzkiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.6072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6072","url":null,"abstract":"Fat cow syndrome (fatty liver disease) is a common metabolic problem in dairy cow production during the transition period, from the dry period to lactation. This syndrome occurs when due to liver uptake of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), they are stored in excess as triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the liver. Currently, diagnosis of this disorder must be confirmed by a liver biopsy to determine the fat content of liver cells, as well as blood tests for increased levels of liver enzymes (GGT, SDH, AST, and bilirubin). Fat cow syndrome is associated with the occurrence of clinical diseases, decreased immunity, and problems with reproduction. It is a major problem in the herd health due to the high cost of veterinary services, a longer calving interval, and reduced longevity of cows, causing enormous economic losses. The best means of prevention is good nutrition and routine blood tests in the herd. \u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90591746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.3773
Maja Świszczewska, E. Wójcik, M. Kapron
A survey was conducted among users of horses from various parts of Poland to investigate their preferences regarding the basic behavioural characteristics of horses used in recreation and sport and to determine the importance of their main external and internal traits. The majority of respondents were women, and the largest age group was 21-25. The respondents most often chose geldings for use, due to their composure. The preferred age range was 6 to 10 years, with a height at the withers from 151 to 170 cm. The breed and external appearance of horses did not matter to most respondents, although they preferred Malopolski, Wielkopolski, and Polish Half-Bred horses. It was important to the survey participants for the horse to meet specific skill requirements and to have suitable traits for them, with no bad habits or stereotypic behaviours. Over 60% of respondents would like to buy their own horse. As many as 86% were very experienced riders who had been training and taking part in competitions for over 6 years, with 55% of the subjects training jumping and 40% dressage. Sixty-three per cent of respondents ride horses 3-4 days a week or every day.
{"title":"Assessment of the preferences of users of horses for recreation and sport","authors":"Maja Świszczewska, E. Wójcik, M. Kapron","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.3773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3773","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was conducted among users of horses from various parts of Poland to investigate their preferences regarding the basic behavioural characteristics of horses used in recreation and sport and to determine the importance of their main external and internal traits. The majority of respondents were women, and the largest age group was 21-25. The respondents most often chose geldings for use, due to their composure. The preferred age range was 6 to 10 years, with a height at the withers from 151 to 170 cm. The breed and external appearance of horses did not matter to most respondents, although they preferred Malopolski, Wielkopolski, and Polish Half-Bred horses. It was important to the survey participants for the horse to meet specific skill requirements and to have suitable traits for them, with no bad habits or stereotypic behaviours. Over 60% of respondents would like to buy their own horse. As many as 86% were very experienced riders who had been training and taking part in competitions for over 6 years, with 55% of the subjects training jumping and 40% dressage. Sixty-three per cent of respondents ride horses 3-4 days a week or every day.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88687560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.0503
Justyna Pycha, M. Zatoń-Dobrowolska, S. Pałka, M. Kmiecik
The research compares reproduction of female New Zealand White (NZW, n=55) and Californian (CAL, n=12) rabbits after mating with pure-bred Flemish Giant, Californian, and Burgundy Fawn males, as well as New Zealand White and Californian crossbred males. The influence of the dam’s breed, the birth season, and the parental component on reproduction parameters was analysed. Three groups of does were studied: those which had two litters (21 females), those which had three litters (15), and all does (irrespective of the number of litters, i.e. 67 females). In the first group, the mother’s breed was found to affect litter size at weaning (5.20 for Californian and 7.33 for New Zealand White), which was largest for the NZW×CAL crossbreed (10.50). Among the females with three litters, the breed of the dam influenced rearing efficiency, with greater efficiency noted for the New Zealand White breed (90.2%) than for the Californian breed (69.8%). Where all litters were considered, the two breeds differed in terms of the number of live-born kittens per litter (6.59 for NZW vs 7.71 for CAL) and litter size at weaning (6.34 vs 7.50). In this group, litter size at weaning was larger in winter (4.65) than in autumn (2.00). New Zealand White females that mated with Flemish Giant males produced fewer live-born kittens per litter (5.85) than Californian females that mated with Burgundy Fawn males (10.00). Pure-bred litters were smaller (2.04) at weaning than crossbred ones (from 5.39 to 10.00). For females with three litters, repeatability was 0.36 for total litter size and 0.35 for the number of live-born kittens per litter. For litter size at weaning, however, it was only 0.15, indicating a strong effect of environmental factors on rearing outcomes.
{"title":"The influence of maternal and paternal components and breeding season on the reproductive results of New Zealand White and Californian female rabbits","authors":"Justyna Pycha, M. Zatoń-Dobrowolska, S. Pałka, M. Kmiecik","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0014.0503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0503","url":null,"abstract":"The research compares reproduction of female New Zealand White (NZW, n=55) and Californian (CAL, n=12) rabbits after mating with pure-bred Flemish Giant, Californian, and Burgundy Fawn males, as well as New Zealand White and Californian crossbred males. The influence of the dam’s breed, the birth season, and the parental component on reproduction parameters was analysed. Three groups of does were studied: those which had two litters (21 females), those which had three litters (15), and all does (irrespective of the number of litters, i.e. 67 females). In the first group, the mother’s breed was found to affect litter size at weaning (5.20 for Californian and 7.33 for New Zealand White), which was largest for the NZW×CAL crossbreed (10.50). Among the females with three litters, the breed of the dam influenced rearing efficiency, with greater efficiency noted for the New Zealand White breed (90.2%) than for the Californian breed (69.8%). Where all litters were considered, the two breeds differed in terms of the number of live-born kittens per litter (6.59 for NZW vs 7.71 for CAL) and litter size at weaning (6.34 vs 7.50). In this group, litter size at weaning was larger in winter (4.65) than in autumn (2.00). New Zealand White females that mated with Flemish Giant males produced fewer live-born kittens per litter (5.85) than Californian females that mated with Burgundy Fawn males (10.00). Pure-bred litters were smaller (2.04) at weaning than crossbred ones (from 5.39 to 10.00). For females with three litters, repeatability was 0.36 for total litter size and 0.35 for the number of live-born kittens per litter. For litter size at weaning, however, it was only 0.15, indicating a strong effect of environmental factors on rearing outcomes.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83665251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.6480
A. Jarzynowska
A study was conducted on samples of raw sheep milk and rennet cheese produced from it. The milk was obtained from ewes of the coloured variety of Polish Merino, from February to April. The sheep were housed indoors and fed preserved roughage and a mixture of concentrate feeds. Three feeding groups were established: group I ‒ control, fed without the addition of herbs to the concentrate feed, and groups II and III, in which a herb mixture was added to the concentrate feed in the amount of 10 and 20 g/sheep/day, respectively. Six experimental batches of bundz rennet cheese were made from the milk, and the effect of the addition of herbs to the diet on the lipid profile of the milk and cheese was analysed. The results indicated that the addition of herbs to the winter diet of sheep in the amount of 10 and 20 g/sheep/day significantly increased the content of the acid C4:0 in the raw milk used for cheese making, by 11.5% and 20.0%, respectively (P≤0.01), relative to the control group. C4:0 content in the raw milk was also increased in group III by 7.6% compared to group II (P≤0.05). The herbs had no statistically confirmed effect on other parameters of the health-promoting quality of the milk fat and the rennet cheese. In the cheese fat from group I produced from sheep milk obtained in the period from 69 to 137 days of lactation, there was an increase in the content of SFA and a decrease in UFA during the course of the experiment. The addition of herbs to the concentrate feed of the sheep improved the fatty acid profile of the fat of bundz cheese made from milk obtained from the 97th day of lactation. The experimental factor also reduced the cholesterol content in the raw milk in group II by 26.8% and in group III by 21.2% (P≤0.01) compared to group I. It did not affect the content of this lipid in rennet cheese.
{"title":"The effect of herbs added to the winter diet sheep on the lipid fraction profile of raw milk for cheese making and rennet cheese produced from it","authors":"A. Jarzynowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.6480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6480","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on samples of raw sheep milk and rennet cheese produced from it. The milk was obtained from ewes of the coloured variety of Polish Merino, from February to April. The sheep were housed indoors and fed preserved roughage and a mixture of concentrate feeds. Three feeding groups were established: group I ‒ control, fed without the addition of herbs to the concentrate feed, and groups II and III, in which a herb mixture was added to the concentrate feed in the amount of 10 and 20 g/sheep/day, respectively. Six experimental batches of bundz rennet cheese were made from the milk, and the effect of the addition of herbs to the diet on the lipid profile of the milk and cheese was analysed. The results indicated that the addition of herbs to the winter diet of sheep in the amount of 10 and 20 g/sheep/day significantly increased the content of the acid C4:0 in the raw milk used for cheese making, by 11.5% and 20.0%, respectively (P≤0.01), relative to the control group. C4:0 content in the raw milk was also increased in group III by 7.6% compared to group II (P≤0.05). The herbs had no statistically confirmed effect on other parameters of the health-promoting quality of the milk fat and the rennet cheese. In the cheese fat from group I produced from sheep milk obtained in the period from 69 to 137 days of lactation, there was an increase in the content of SFA and a decrease in UFA during the course of the experiment. The addition of herbs to the concentrate feed of the sheep improved the fatty acid profile of the fat of bundz cheese made from milk obtained from the 97th day of lactation. The experimental factor also reduced the cholesterol content in the raw milk in group II by 26.8% and in group III by 21.2% (P≤0.01) compared to group I. It did not affect the content of this lipid in rennet cheese.","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78851088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5132
D. Ostrowski, D. Banaszewska, B. Biesiada-Drzazga
The aim of this study was to assess the reproductive parameters of privately bred ring-necked parakeets (Psittacula krameri). The study was carried out in an amateur breeding facility in the Masovian voivodeship in 2013–2017. Observations were carried out on four pairs of ring-necked parakeets kept year round in outdoor aviaries. The analysis was based on the following indicators: number of eggs laid, number of chicks hatched, and number of chicks reared from two broods each year. The reproductive parameters of the pairs of ring-necked parakeets were varied. There were marked differences between individual pairs of birds concerning both the number of eggs in the clutch and the number of chicks reared. Most pairs reared two broods each year. In the first year of observation, the birds reared eight chicks from 13 laid eggs, while in the last year of data collection they reared 11 chicks from 16 eggs.
{"title":"Assessment of reproductive parameters of privately\u0000bred ring-necked parakeets (Psittacula krameri)","authors":"D. Ostrowski, D. Banaszewska, B. Biesiada-Drzazga","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5132","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the reproductive parameters of privately bred ring-necked\u0000parakeets (Psittacula krameri). The study was carried out in an amateur breeding facility in the\u0000Masovian voivodeship in 2013–2017. Observations were carried out on four pairs of ring-necked\u0000parakeets kept year round in outdoor aviaries. The analysis was based on the following indicators:\u0000number of eggs laid, number of chicks hatched, and number of chicks reared from two broods each\u0000year. The reproductive parameters of the pairs of ring-necked parakeets were varied. There were\u0000marked differences between individual pairs of birds concerning both the number of eggs in the\u0000clutch and the number of chicks reared. Most pairs reared two broods each year. In the first year of\u0000observation, the birds reared eight chicks from 13 laid eggs, while in the last year of data collection\u0000they reared 11 chicks from 16 eggs.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"112 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77283027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5135
P. Guliński, A. Klopotowska
The aim of this paper is to develop a method for determining the typical chemical composition of the milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows. The paper uses data collected from 1329 test-day milking records from 20 herds of PHF dairy cattle in Sokołów County, from 2009 to 2015. The effect of the following factors on the chemical composition of milk was determined: lactation stage (15 one-month stages); age of cows (lactations 1, 2, 3–4, and 5–7); genotype (share of PHF breed: less than 50%, 50–75%, 75–82.5% and more than 82.5%); somatic cell count (SCC) in 1 ml of milk (in thousands: 0–200, 200–400, 400–1000 and more than 1000); feeding level (fat to protein (F/P) ratio): ≤1.0, 1.0–1.4, 1.4–1.7 and >1.7); calving season (autumn/winter, spring/summer) and daily milk yield (milk yield in kg: ≤15, 15–25, 25–35 and >35). Nutrition and udder health status were found to be the main factors influencing the chemical composition of milk. For selected cows with optimally balanced feed rations (F/P ratio in milk from 1.1 to 1.4) and a low somatic cell count (SCC ≤200,000/ml), daily yield was the main factor affecting the chemical composition of the milk. It was also concluded that government and scientific publications on the PHF breed should take into account the impact of the F/P ratio, SCC and yield of milk on its composition.
{"title":"An attempt to develop a method for determining the typical chemical composition of the milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows – a proposal","authors":"P. Guliński, A. Klopotowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5135","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to develop a method for determining the typical chemical composition of the milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows. The paper uses data collected from 1329 test-day milking records from 20 herds of PHF dairy cattle in Sokołów County, from 2009 to 2015. The effect of the following factors on the chemical composition of milk was determined: lactation stage (15 one-month stages); age of cows (lactations 1, 2, 3–4, and 5–7); genotype (share of PHF breed: less than 50%, 50–75%, 75–82.5% and more than 82.5%); somatic cell count (SCC) in 1 ml of milk (in thousands: 0–200, 200–400, 400–1000 and more than 1000); feeding level (fat to protein (F/P) ratio): ≤1.0, 1.0–1.4, 1.4–1.7 and >1.7); calving season (autumn/winter, spring/summer) and daily milk yield (milk yield in kg: ≤15, 15–25, 25–35 and >35). Nutrition and udder health status were found to be the main factors influencing the chemical composition of milk. For selected cows with optimally balanced feed rations (F/P ratio in milk from 1.1 to 1.4) and a low somatic cell count (SCC ≤200,000/ml), daily yield was the main factor affecting the chemical composition of the milk. It was also concluded that government and scientific publications on the PHF breed should take into account the impact of the F/P ratio, SCC and yield of milk on its composition.","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"58 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87721683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5137
Agnieszka Kaliniak
The objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of the fishing season on the value in use and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture. The study was conducted on five species: rainbow trout, common carp, grass carp, pike and tench. Fish were obtained from farms located in the Lublin Voivodeship in two seasons (spring/summer and autumn/winter). Morphometric measurements of the fish were performed, the percentage shares of body parts were assessed, and the physicochemical properties of the muscle tissue were measured: pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, and CIE L*a*b* colour characteristics. The fishing season significantly affected the body weight of carp, rainbow trout and pike, the greatest body height of carp and rainbow trout, and the total length and head length of pike. Pike, grass carp and tench had significantly lower Fulton’s condition factors in the autumn/winter season than in the spring/summer season. The season significantly influenced the share of viscera in rainbow trout and grass carp, and that of fins in carp and rainbow trout. A significant impact of the season was also noted in the case of pH in rainbow trout and tench, electrical conductivity in trout, pike and tench, and the M/T ratio in grass carp and tench. Chromatic parameters differed significantly between seasons in pike (a*) and in carp and rainbow trout (b*).
{"title":"The effect of the fishing season on the use value and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture","authors":"Agnieszka Kaliniak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0013.5137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5137","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of the fishing season on the value in\u0000use and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture.\u0000The study was conducted on five species: rainbow trout, common carp, grass carp, pike and tench.\u0000Fish were obtained from farms located in the Lublin Voivodeship in two seasons (spring/summer and\u0000autumn/winter). Morphometric measurements of the fish were performed, the percentage shares of\u0000body parts were assessed, and the physicochemical properties of the muscle tissue were measured:\u0000pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, and CIE L*a*b* colour characteristics. The fishing\u0000season significantly affected the body weight of carp, rainbow trout and pike, the greatest body height\u0000of carp and rainbow trout, and the total length and head length of pike. Pike, grass carp and tench had\u0000significantly lower Fulton’s condition factors in the autumn/winter season than in the spring/summer\u0000season. The season significantly influenced the share of viscera in rainbow trout and grass carp, and\u0000that of fins in carp and rainbow trout. A significant impact of the season was also noted in the case of\u0000pH in rainbow trout and tench, electrical conductivity in trout, pike and tench, and the M/T ratio in\u0000grass carp and tench. Chromatic parameters differed significantly between seasons in pike (a*) and in\u0000carp and rainbow trout (b*).\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":53138,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86978638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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