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Trends in Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder. 阿片类药物使用障碍药物获取的趋势。
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0393
Sumedha Gupta, Aditya James, Jennifer Miles, Hillary Samples, Stephen Crystal, Kosali Simon
<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Medicaid, the largest payer for medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), disenrolled more than 19.1 million individuals by March 2024 after the continuous coverage requirement ended in April 2023-a process termed Medicaid unwinding-but the impact on buprenorphine receipt remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the association between Medicaid unwinding and dispensing of prescription buprenorphine, overall and by payment sources nationally and by state.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>Cross-sectional study of buprenorphine dispensing (age ≥18 years) from April 2020 to March 2024 using the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription (LRx) database containing more than 90% of US retail pharmacy claims. Interrupted time-series estimated levels and trends of buprenorphine prescription dispensation before and after Medicaid unwinding.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The number of patients with filled buprenorphine prescriptions each month was analyzed by payer type (Medicaid, Medicare, commercial, or self-pay) and by state. Stratified analyses assessed state factors, including automated (ex parte) Medicaid renewal rates (higher or lower than the median), income verification sources used for automated renewals (≤3, 4-5, or 6-7), and Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2 405 970 adults who filled buprenorphine prescriptions between April 2020 and March 2024, 1 154 866 (48%) had at least 1 fill covered by Medicaid, 288 716 (12%) by Medicare, 1 106 746 (46%) by commercial insurance, and 264 657 (11%) by self-pay. Medicaid unwinding was associated with reversal of previously increasing trends in buprenorphine prescriptions, with 2.9% fewer patients (-23 855 [95% CI, -32 661 to -15 054]) receiving buprenorphine each month by 8 months after unwinding vs the month before unwinding began. This decline was driven by a 12.7% drop in patients with Medicaid-paid fills (-46 545 [95% CI, -51 362 to -41 730]), partially offset by increases in patients with commercial (6.12%, 19 809 [95% CI, 12 109 to 27 509]) and self-paid (7.24%, 2525 [95% CI, 1246 to 3805]) fills. Sixteen states saw overall declines in buprenorphine use after unwinding, with reductions among patients with Medicaid-covered prescriptions in 36 states, partially offset by increases in patients with commercial insurance covered fills (32 states) and self-paid fills (23 states). Buprenorphine prescriptions remained stable in states with above-median automated Medicaid renewal rates and more income verification sources, whereas states with below-median automated renewal rates, fewer verification sources, and nonexpansion state status experienced smaller offsets for Medicaid-related losses, highlighting importance of state-specific policies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This cross-sectional study of Medicaid unwinding and filled buprenorphine prescr
重要性:医疗补助计划(Medicaid)是阿片类药物使用障碍(MOUD)治疗药物的最大支付方,在 2023 年 4 月持续覆盖要求结束后,到 2024 年 3 月将有超过 1910 万人退出该计划--这一过程被称为医疗补助计划的解除--但其对丁丙诺啡接收的影响仍不得而知:目的:评估医疗补助计划解除与处方丁丙诺啡配药之间的关系,包括全国和各州的总体情况和支付来源:使用 IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription (LRx) 数据库对 2020 年 4 月至 2024 年 3 月期间的丁丙诺啡配药情况(年龄≥18 岁)进行横断面研究,该数据库包含 90% 以上的美国零售药店报销单。通过中断时间序列估算了医疗补助计划解除前后丁丙诺啡处方配药的水平和趋势:按支付方类型(医疗补助、医疗保险、商业或自费)和州对每月开具丁丙诺啡处方的患者人数进行了分析。分层分析评估了各州的因素,包括自动(单方)医疗补助续保率(高于或低于中位数)、自动续保所使用的收入验证来源(≤3、4-5 或 6-7)以及《平价医疗法案》医疗补助扩展状况:在 2020 年 4 月至 2024 年 3 月期间开具丁丙诺啡处方的 2 405 970 名成人中,有 1 154 866 人(48%)至少有一次开具的处方由医疗补助计划承保,288 716 人(12%)由医疗保险计划承保,1 106 746 人(46%)由商业保险承保,264 657 人(11%)由自费承保。取消医疗补助与之前丁丙诺啡处方增加趋势的逆转有关,取消医疗补助 8 个月后,每月接受丁丙诺啡治疗的患者比开始取消医疗补助前减少了 2.9% (-23 855 [95% CI, -32 661 to -15 054])。这一下降的原因是医疗补助支付的患者数量下降了 12.7%(-46 545 [95% CI,-51 362 至-41 730]),而商业支付(6.12%,19 809 [95% CI,12 109 至 27 509])和自费支付(7.24%,2525 [95% CI,1246 至 3805])患者数量的增加部分抵消了这一下降。有 16 个州的丁丙诺啡使用量在解除捆绑后出现总体下降,其中有 36 个州的医疗补助处方患者使用量下降,但商业保险处方患者(32 个州)和自费处方患者(23 个州)使用量的增加部分抵消了下降趋势。在医疗补助计划自动续保率高于中位数、收入核查来源较多的州,丁丙诺啡处方保持稳定,而自动续保率低于中位数、核查来源较少以及未扩大州地位的州,与医疗补助计划相关的损失抵消较小,这凸显了各州特定政策的重要性:这项关于医疗补助计划的解除和已开具的丁丙诺啡处方的横断面研究发现,虽然向商业和自费来源的转移减轻了一些损失,但对自费的依赖性不断提高造成了负担能力障碍,威胁到治疗的连续性。在美国用药过量率居高不下的情况下,解决用药不均的问题至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Can Prevention Save Money? 预防能省钱吗?
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.1464
Katherine Baicker, Amitabh Chandra
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引用次数: 0
Error in Supplement 1. 补充1中的错误。
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0650
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引用次数: 0
Reforming Markets to Strengthen Independent Pharmacies. 改革市场,加强独立药店。
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0142
Priyanka A Abraham, Jacob T Kannarkat, Dima Mazen Qato
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引用次数: 0
Omitted Additional Contribution. 省略额外贡献。
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0690
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引用次数: 0
Use of Patient Portal Messaging and Self-Reported Copays Among US Adults 50 Years or Older. 美国50岁及以上成人患者门户信息和自我报告共付费用的使用
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0168
Terrence Liu, Matthias Kirch, Erica Solway, Dianne C Singer, J Scott Roberts, Jeffrey T Kullgren, Tammy Chang
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引用次数: 0
JAMA Health Forum. JAMA健康论坛。
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.4962
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引用次数: 0
State Substitution Laws and Uptake of an Interchangeable Insulin Biosimilar. 国家替代法和可互换胰岛素生物仿制药的摄取。
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0406
Youngmin Kwon, Ameet Sarpatwari, Stacie B Dusetzina
<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Although biosimilars have potential to reduce drug spending, their use remains low. Automatic substitutions of biologic drugs by their biosimilars at pharmacies can facilitate biosimilar uptake. Yet, state regulations limiting the types and circumstances under which biosimilars may be substituted could discourage efficient biosimilar adoption.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine associations of state substitution laws in the US with biosimilar adoption in the insulin glargine market, in which an interchangeable biosimilar was recently launched.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This retrospective cohort study using MarketScan commercial claims data examined fills for insulin glargine among users who were younger than 65 years and had fills for the insulin glargine Lantus (Sanofi) and its biosimilars, interchangeable insulin glargine-yfgn (Semglee [Mylan Pharmaceuticals]) and a noninterchangeable insulin glargine (Basaglar [Lilly]). Data were analyzed from August 2024 to January 2025.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Market share of the insulin glargine, interchangeable insulin glargine-yfgn, and the noninterchangeable insulin glargine. Unit of analysis was the per-person prescription fill. Changes in fills between those residing in states with less vs more restrictive substitution laws in a 1-year period before and after the launch of interchangeable glargine-yfgn (November 16, 2021) were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 487 281 per-person prescription fills (mean [SD] age, 49.5 [13.3] years; 56.9% male) were included, with 158 141 and 329 140 per-person prescription fills from less vs more restrictive states, respectively. Following the launch of insulin glargine-yfgn, its market share differentially increased by 7.03 percentage points (pp; 95% CI, 1.89-12.18 pp; P = .008), coinciding with a 6.48 pp (95% CI, -11.70 to -1.26 pp; P = .02) differential reduction in the insulin glargine market share in states with less vs more restrictive laws. In the last quarter, the market share for insulin glargine-yfgn was 20.6% and 12.1% in states with less and more restrictive laws, respectively. There were not statistically significant differential changes in fills for the noninterchangeable insulin glargine (-0.24 pp; 95% CI, -1.40 to 0.92 pp; P = .68). Three restrictions had more pronounced associations with a lower uptake of insulin glargine-yfgn: enhanced physician notification (-8.15 pp; 95% CI, -12.49 to -3.81 pp; P < .001), refill notifications (-4.68 pp; 95% CI, -8.78 to -0.58 pp; P = .03), and patient notification (-3.52 pp; 95% CI, -8.44 to 1.40 pp; P = .16).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cohort study, insulin users in states with less restrictive substitution laws were more likely to fill the biosimilar alternative to insulin glargine, underscoring the role of state regulations of substitution as an important determina
重要性:尽管生物仿制药有可能减少药物支出,但其使用率仍然很低。生物仿制药在药店的自动替代可以促进生物仿制药的吸收。然而,国家法规限制了生物仿制药可以替代的类型和情况,这可能会阻碍生物仿制药的有效采用。目的:研究美国国家替代法与甘精胰岛素市场生物类似药采用的关系,其中最近推出了一种可互换的生物类似药。设计、设置和参与者:本回顾性队列研究使用MarketScan商业声明数据,调查了65岁以下、使用甘精胰岛素Lantus(赛诺菲)及其生物仿制药、可互换甘精胰岛素-yfgn (Semglee[迈兰制药])和不可互换甘精胰岛素(Basaglar[礼来])的用户的甘精胰岛素填充情况。数据分析时间为2024年8月至2025年1月。主要结局和指标:甘精胰岛素、可互换甘精胰岛素-yfgn和不可互换甘精胰岛素的市场份额。分析单位是人均处方填充量。在可互换甘精-yfgn(2021年11月16日)推出前后的一年内,比较了替代法律限制较少和较多的州之间的填充变化。结果:共487张 281张/人处方填充(平均[SD]年龄49.5[13.3]岁;56.9%为男性),其中158人 141人,329人 140人,分别来自限制较少的州和限制较多的州。甘精胰岛素-yfgn上市后,其市场份额差异增加了7.03个百分点(pp;95% CI, 1.89-12.18 pp;P = 0.008),与6.48 pp (95% CI, -11.70至-1.26 pp;P = .02)甘精胰岛素市场份额在法律限制较少和更严格的州的差异减少。上个季度,甘精胰岛素-yfgn在法律限制较少和较多的州的市场份额分别为20.6%和12.1%。不可互换性甘精胰岛素填充量差异无统计学意义(-0.24 pp;95% CI, -1.40 ~ 0.92 pp;p = .68)。三项限制与甘精胰岛素-yfgn的较低摄取有更明显的关联:加强医生通知(-8.15 pp;95% CI, -12.49 ~ -3.81 pp;结论和相关性:在这项队列研究中,在替代法律限制较少的州,胰岛素使用者更有可能填充甘精胰岛素的生物类似药替代品,这强调了国家替代法规作为生物类似药采用的重要决定因素的作用,以及改革以提高生物类似药采用效率的必要性。
{"title":"State Substitution Laws and Uptake of an Interchangeable Insulin Biosimilar.","authors":"Youngmin Kwon, Ameet Sarpatwari, Stacie B Dusetzina","doi":"10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0406","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0406","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Although biosimilars have potential to reduce drug spending, their use remains low. Automatic substitutions of biologic drugs by their biosimilars at pharmacies can facilitate biosimilar uptake. Yet, state regulations limiting the types and circumstances under which biosimilars may be substituted could discourage efficient biosimilar adoption.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To examine associations of state substitution laws in the US with biosimilar adoption in the insulin glargine market, in which an interchangeable biosimilar was recently launched.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting, and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective cohort study using MarketScan commercial claims data examined fills for insulin glargine among users who were younger than 65 years and had fills for the insulin glargine Lantus (Sanofi) and its biosimilars, interchangeable insulin glargine-yfgn (Semglee [Mylan Pharmaceuticals]) and a noninterchangeable insulin glargine (Basaglar [Lilly]). Data were analyzed from August 2024 to January 2025.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Market share of the insulin glargine, interchangeable insulin glargine-yfgn, and the noninterchangeable insulin glargine. Unit of analysis was the per-person prescription fill. Changes in fills between those residing in states with less vs more restrictive substitution laws in a 1-year period before and after the launch of interchangeable glargine-yfgn (November 16, 2021) were compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 487 281 per-person prescription fills (mean [SD] age, 49.5 [13.3] years; 56.9% male) were included, with 158 141 and 329 140 per-person prescription fills from less vs more restrictive states, respectively. Following the launch of insulin glargine-yfgn, its market share differentially increased by 7.03 percentage points (pp; 95% CI, 1.89-12.18 pp; P = .008), coinciding with a 6.48 pp (95% CI, -11.70 to -1.26 pp; P = .02) differential reduction in the insulin glargine market share in states with less vs more restrictive laws. In the last quarter, the market share for insulin glargine-yfgn was 20.6% and 12.1% in states with less and more restrictive laws, respectively. There were not statistically significant differential changes in fills for the noninterchangeable insulin glargine (-0.24 pp; 95% CI, -1.40 to 0.92 pp; P = .68). Three restrictions had more pronounced associations with a lower uptake of insulin glargine-yfgn: enhanced physician notification (-8.15 pp; 95% CI, -12.49 to -3.81 pp; P &lt; .001), refill notifications (-4.68 pp; 95% CI, -8.78 to -0.58 pp; P = .03), and patient notification (-3.52 pp; 95% CI, -8.44 to 1.40 pp; P = .16).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;In this cohort study, insulin users in states with less restrictive substitution laws were more likely to fill the biosimilar alternative to insulin glargine, underscoring the role of state regulations of substitution as an important determina","PeriodicalId":53180,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Health Forum","volume":"6 4","pages":"e250406"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calibrating AI Reliance-A Physician's Superhuman Dilemma. 校准人工智能的依赖——一个医生的超人困境。
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0106
Shefali V Patil, Christopher G Myers, Yemeng Lu-Myers
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引用次数: 0
Health Characteristics of Adults Unable to Complete Medicaid Renewal During the Unwinding Period. 在解除期间无法完成医疗补助续期的成年人的健康特征。
IF 9.5 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.0092
Aparna Soni, Justin Blackburn
<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Medicaid redetermination affects millions of people annually in the US, but little is known about beneficiaries who lose coverage during the process. In early 2023, after the COVID-19 pandemic mandate to provide continuous coverage was lifted, states resumed redetermination of eligibility and disenrollment of individuals who were no longer eligible. Medicaid disenrollment rose rapidly during this unwinding period, yet little is known about the health and financial characteristics of individuals who were unable to complete the Medicaid renewal process.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess levels of self-reported mental health, functional health, and financial security among current and former Medicaid enrollees during the Medicaid unwinding period.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This repeated cross-sectional study used nationally representative survey data from multiple waves of the US Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey to assess the health and financial characteristics of 131 384 current and former working-age (19-64 years) Medicaid enrollees interviewed between January 2023 and September 2024. Estimated linear regression models were used to compare measures among current Medicaid enrollees, former enrollees who could not complete renewal (procedural disenrollees), and former enrollees who dropped Medicaid for other reasons (nonprocedural disenrollees). Analysis was performed in December 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Medicaid enrollment status and likely reason for disenrolling (procedural vs nonprocedural).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total sample comprised 131 384 current and former working-age Medicaid enrollees (mean [SD] age, 41.9 [12.5] years; 82 378 females [62.7%]; 22 467 Black [17.1%], 32 715 Hispanic/Latino [24.9%], 62 276 White [47.4%], and 13 927 individuals of other races or multiracial [10.6%]), more than half of whom were parents and of lower socioeconomic status. Compared with current Medicaid enrollees, procedural disenrollees were 3.3 percentage points (pp) more likely to report anxiety (95% CI, 1.6 to 4.9 pp); frequent worrying, 3.3 (95% CI, 1.8 to 4.8) pp; little interest in things, 2.4 (95% CI, 1.0 to 3.8) pp; depression, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9) pp; food insecurity, 3.6 (95% CI, 2.6 to 4.7) pp; difficulty seeing, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0 to 3.0) pp; difficulty hearing, 1.1 (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.8) pp; and difficulty remembering things, 1.4 (95% CI, 0.1 to 2.7) pp; however, they were 1.3 pp less likely to report difficulty with mobility (95% CI, -2.5 to -0.2 pp). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in difficulty with bathing and dressing or difficulty understanding things.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This cross-sectional study found that adults who could not complete the Medicaid renewal process and were procedurally disenrolled during the unwinding period had higher mental health needs, worse functional
重要性:在美国,医疗补助计划的重新确定每年影响数百万人,但人们对在此过程中失去保险的受益人知之甚少。2023 年初,在 COVID-19 大流行取消了提供持续保险的规定后,各州恢复了资格的重新确定以及不再符合资格的个人的退保。在此期间,取消医疗补助计划的人数迅速增加,但人们对无法完成医疗补助计划续保程序的个人的健康和财务特征却知之甚少:目的:评估在取消医疗补助计划期间,现医疗补助计划加入者和前医疗补助计划加入者自我报告的心理健康、功能健康和财务安全水平:这项重复性横断面研究使用了来自美国人口普查局家庭脉搏调查多次波次的全国代表性调查数据,以评估 131 384 名目前和以前处于工作年龄(19-64 岁)的医疗补助参保者的健康和财务特征,这些参保者在 2023 年 1 月至 2024 年 9 月期间接受了采访。估计线性回归模型用于比较当前医疗补助计划注册者、无法完成续保的前注册者(程序性退保者)和因其他原因放弃医疗补助计划的前注册者(非程序性退保者)的衡量指标。分析于 2024 年 12 月进行。调查对象:医疗补助参保状况和可能的退保原因(程序性退保与非程序性退保):总样本包括 131384 名目前和以前的劳动适龄医疗补助参保者(平均 [SD] 年龄为 41.9 [12.5] 岁;82 378 名女性 [62.7%];22 467 名黑人 [17.1%]、32 715 名西班牙裔/拉丁美洲裔 [24.9%]、62 276 名白人 [47.4%] 和 13 927 名其他种族或多种族 [10.6%]),其中一半以上为父母且社会经济地位较低。然而,他们报告行动不便的可能性要低 1.3 个百分点(95% CI,-2.5 至-0.2 个百分点)。在洗澡和穿衣困难或理解事物困难方面,组间差异无统计学意义:这项横断面研究发现,与目前的参保者和非程序性取消参保者相比,无法完成医疗补助续保程序并在取消参保期间被程序性取消参保的成年人具有更高的心理健康需求、更差的功能性健康状况以及更低的经济保障。这些发现引起了人们对行政障碍和医疗补助覆盖中断对弱势群体潜在影响的关注。
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引用次数: 0
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JAMA Health Forum
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