Clinical Pathology最新文献

Objectives: Numerous earlier studies have stated an association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and altered expression of inflammatory process. However, it still needs to determine whether the alteration of cytokines is the causative factor or a consequence of this disorder. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-2 in the pathophysiology of depression.

Methods: We collected blood samples from 111 MDD patients and 112 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) score was used to assess study participants. We determined the severity of depression using the Hamilton Depression (Ham-D) rating scale. We assayed serum levels of IL-2 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit.

Results: Elevated levels of IL-2 were detected in MDD patients than HCs (29.79 ± 6.18 and 12.77 ± 4.84 pg/ml, P < 0.05). We observed a higher level of IL-2 in female MDD patients compared to female HCs (31.98 ± 8.34 and 7.76 ± 0.36 pg/ml, P < 0.05). We witnessed a sex-specific correlation between the serum IL-2 levels and the Ham-D score and found that the females with higher Ham-D scores had higher serum IL-2 levels. Moreover, the ROC curve represented the good diagnostic performance of serum IL-2 levels as a biomarker with sensitivity and specificity values of 83.7% and 80.4%, respectively.

Conclusions: The current study findings indicate that elevated serum IL-2 levels are associated with MDD. This alteration may be the cause of triggering depression or a result of the activated inflammatory process during the depression. Therefore, we recommend further interventional research to clarify the actual reasons for these altered IL-2 levels in MDD patients.

Aims: To assess the impact of the molecular subtype (MS) on the total number of CK19 mRNA copies in all positive SLN (TTL) threshold, to predict non-SLN affectation, and to compare 5 years progression-free survival (PFS) according to the risk of recurrence (ROR) group by PAM50.

Methods: Cohort with infiltrating breast cancer with intra-operative metastatic SLN detected by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay who underwent subsequent ALND. Logistic regression was used to assess a possible interaction between TTL and MS(Triple Negative, Her-2-Enriched, Luminal A, or Luminal B), or hormone receptors (HR: positive or negative) by immunohistochemistry (IMH). Cox regression was used to compare PFS and OS in the 3 ROR groups (high, medium, or low).

Results: TTL was predictive of non-SLN affectation in both univariate (OR [95% CI]: 1.72 [1.43, 2.05], P < .001) and multivariate (1.55 [95% CI: 1.04, 2.32], P = .030) models, but MS-IMH or HR-IMH, and their interactions with TTL were not (best multivariate model: HR + main effect OR 1.16 [95% CI: 0.18, 7.64], P = .874; interaction OR: 1.04 [0.7, 1.55], P = .835; univariate model: HR + main effect OR: 1.44 [95% CI: 0.85, 2.44], P = .180). PFS was lower in the high-risk ROR group (81.1%) than in the low-risk group (93.9%) (HR: 3.68 [95 CI: 1.70, 7.94], P < .001).

Conclusions: our results do not provide evidence to support the utilization of subtype-specific thresholds for TTL values to make therapeutic decisions on the axilla. The ROR group was predictive of 5 years-PFS.

Objective: Vaccination is one of the effective ways to fight against COVID-19 disease. Various vaccines have been designed during the coronavirus pandemic. Each of the used vaccines has beneficial effects as well as side effects. Healthcare workers were among the first vaccinated persons against COVID-19 in different countries. The current study aims to compare the side effects of AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Bharat, and Sputnik V on healthcare workers in Iran.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from July 2021 to January 2022 on 1639 healthcare workers who received the COVID-19 vaccines. Data were collected using a checklist that contained questions related to systemic, local, and severe side effects of the vaccine. The collected data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and trend chi-square. P < .05 was regarded as a significant statistical difference.

Results: The most commonly injected vaccines were Sinopharm (41.80%), Sputnik V (36.65%), AstraZeneca (17.75%), and Bharat (3.80%), respectively. At least 37.5% of participants reported one complication. The most common side effects after 72 hours of the first and second doses were as follows: injection site pain, fatigue, fever, myalgia, headache, and chill. Overall complication rates were reported as follows: AstraZeneca (91.4%), Sputnik V (65.9%), Sinopharm (56.8%), and Bharat (98.4%). Bharat showed the highest overall side effects, while Sinopharm had the lowest overall side effects. Also, our results indicated that individuals with a previous history of positive COVID-19 infection had a higher rate of overall complications.

Conclusions: The majority of participants did not show life-threatening side effects after the injection of 1 of the 4 studied vaccines. Since it was well accepted and tolerable by the participants, it can be used widely and safely against SARS-CoV-2.

Background: Tumor budding (TB) has been defined as an independent prognostic factor in many carcinomas like colon adenocarcinoma, but its prognostic impact on gastric cancer patients remains not well established. In the present study, we aimed to highlight the correlation of tumor budding with clinicopathological features and predict its survival outcomes in gastric cancer patients for the first time in the Moroccan population.

Methods: This study was conducted on 83 patients who underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma from 2014 to 2020. The patient's clinico-pathological characteristics were obtained from the pathological and clinical records of each patient. Tumor budding was assessed on HES slides, according to the 2016 International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference criteria. The association of tumor budding grades with categorical and continuous variables were respectively assessed by the χ2-test and the unpaired t-test. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test.

Results: Patients consisted of 65.1% of men and 34.9% of women with a median age of 61.2 years. Histologically, the majority of the tumors were adenocarcinoma (65.1%). Among all cases, 18.1% were classified as Bud1 (15/83), (27/83) 32.5% as Bud 2, and 49.4% (41/83) as Bud 3 grades. High-grade tumor budding (BUD 3) was found to be significantly associated with special clinicopathological features including older age (P = .02), unradical resection (R1/R2) (P = .03), and the presence of vascular invasion (P = .05), and perineural invasion (P = .04). Furthermore, tumors with high-grade tumor budding were significantly associated with a low rate of resected lymph nodes (P = .04) and advanced TNM stage (P = .02). Among all stages, high-grade tumor budding was correlated with shorter overall survival in univariate and multivariate analysis (P = .04). Patients with high-tumor budding had worse relapse-free survival compared with patients with low-tumor budding grade (P = .01).

Conclusion: According to our study, the high-tumor budding grade was correlated with unfavorable clinicopathological features and poorer survival. The present study findings suggest that tumor budding should be considered in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Background: Different expression of cytokine genes in the body determines the type of immune response (Th1 or Th2), which can play an important role in the pathogenesis of the COVID-19 disease.

Aims: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the probable effect of photobiomodulation (PBMT) therapy on the cytokine's mRNA expression in the lung.

Methods: We systematically searched indexing databases, including PubMed/Medline, ISI web of science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane central, using standard terms without language, study region or type restrictions. Studies on using PBM in lung injury modeling with samples collected from lung tissue to observe IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 mRNA expression were included. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis and standardized mean difference as effect size.

Results: Of the 438 studies found through initial searches, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The main properties of 13 articles on 384 animals included in this meta-analysis with a wide range of species include rats (n = 10) and rabbits (n = 3). The analysis revealed that PBMT reduced the mRNA expression of TNFα (SMD: -3.70, 95% CI: -6.29, -1.11, P = .005,I ² = 71%) and IL-1β (SMD: -5.85, 95% CI: -8.01, -3.69, P < .00001,I ² = 37%) significantly, but no statistically significant reduction in IL-6 (SMD: -2.89, 95% CI: -5.79, 0.01, P = .05,I ² = 88%) was observed compared with the model controls. Also, PBMT increased IL-10 mRNA expression significantly compared with the model controls (SMD: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.64, P = .0008,I ² = 17%).

Conclusion: This meta-analysis revealed that the PBMT utilizes beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and modulation of the immune system on lung damage in animal models and clinical studies. However, animal models and clinical studies appear limited considering the evidence's quality; therefore, large clinical trials are still required.

Background: Esophagus cancer is cancer of poor prognosis, of often late diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe the factors associated with esophagus cancers in the Togolese population.

Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive, cross-sectional study, on esophagus cancers histologically diagnosed at the Pathological Laboratory of Lomé over a period of 31 years (1990-2021).

Results: We have collected 144 cases of esophagus cancer. The average age of patients was 57 ± 12 years, and the sex ratio was 2.34. The most applicant service was the service of Hepato Gastroenterology of CHU Campus (30.6%). Alcohol (57.6%), tobacco (45.8%) were the most present risk factors. Biopsies were the most addressed (97.2%). The average duration of symptom evolution was 6.42 months and the main symptom at the time of diagnosis was dysphagia (36.8%). The location of cancer was the lower third for 71.5% of cases. At histology, epidermoid carcinoma was the dominant type (90.3%). Male sex was statistically associated with the occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma and female sex with the occurrence of adenocarcinoma (P < .001). Alcohol, smoking, and consumption of hot foods were statistically associated with the occurrence of epidermoid carcinoma in this study (P < .05).

Conclusion: Esophagus cancer remains a serious condition for late diagnosis. These are mainly epidermoid carcinomas and having alcohol and tobacco as risk factors. The awareness of the population on the main risk factors would reduce the incidence of oesophagus cancers within the Togolese population.

Introduction: The current ordinal fibrosis staging system for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has a limited dynamic range. The goal of this study was to determine if second-harmonic generated (SHG) quantifiable collagen fibrillar properties (qFP) and their derived qFibrosis score capture changes in disease progression and regression in a murine model of NASH, in which disease progression can be induced by a high fat sugar water (HFSW) diet and regression by reversal to chow diet (CD).

Methods: DIAMOND mice were fed a CD or HFSW diet for 40 to 52 weeks. Regression related changes were studied in mice with diet reversal for 4 weeks after 48 to 60 weeks of a HFSW diet.

Results: As expected, mice on HFSW developed steatohepatitis with stage 2 to 3 fibrosis between weeks 40 and 44. Both the collagen proportionate area and the qFibrosis score based on 15 SHG-quantified collagen fibrillar properties in humans were significantly higher in mice on HFSW for 40 to 44 weeks compared to CD fed mice. These changes were greatest in the sinusoids (Zone 2) with further increase in septal and portal fibrosis related scores between weeks 44 and 48. Diet reversal led to decrease in qFibrosis, septal thickness, and cellularity with greatest changes in Zone 2. Specific qFPs associated with progression only, regression only, or both processes were identified and categorized based on direction of fibrosis change.

Conclusion: Complementing recent human studies, these findings support the concept that changes of disease progression and regression can be assessed using SHG-based image quantification of fibrosis related parameters.

Purpose: Mammary Paget's disease (PD) in young women has seldom been reported. The aim of this study was to improve the knowledge of the clinicopathological characteristics in young patients with PD to provide a basis for the precise treatment of young patients.

Methods: The medical records and pathological slides of 8 young patients (younger than 40 years old) with PD were reviewed. The data of 20 patients over 40 years old within the same period were used as controls.

Results: The average age was 32.00 ± 3.96 years for the young patient group, with the youngest aged 27 years. The first symptom, physical examination, Paget cell morphology, and immunohistochemical marks were the same in different age groups. But young patients have varied tumor distribution patterns, fewer interstitial inflammatory cells, and advanced pathological local lymphatic metastasis than older patients in the same period.

Conclusions: PD in young women has unique histopathological features. These manifestations seem to provide personalized treatment for PD treatment in young patients. More research is needed to clarify the significance of this research.

Perivascular epithelioïd cell tumor (PEComa) is a mesenchymal neoplasm with epithelioïd or spindled morphology with numerous thin-walled capillaries between tumor cells. They co-express markers of both melanocytic and smooth muscle differentiation. PEComas are rare, presenting in numerous anatomic sites including lung, kidney, liver, genitourinary tract, soft tissue, and skin. Primary cutaneous PEComas are very rare entity, and malignant ones are even more uncommon. Herein, we report the case of a 92-year-old female which was presenting with 7 cm exophytic, ulcerated, hemorrhagic nodular tumor, and rapidly growing for 8 months over the right thigh. On histologic examination, we found a dermal neoplasm formed by an atypical clear cell tumor with numerous branching capillaries between tumor cells. The mitotic count was found 6 mitotic figures/10 HPF. On immunohistochemistry, tumor cells co-expressed smooth muscle and melanocytic markers, CD10, and CD68. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of primary cutaneous malignant perivascular epithelioïd cell tumor (PEComa) was made. The large size (7 cm), the count of mitoses (6 mitotic figures/10 HPF), and the nuclear pleomorphism argued for malignancy. The absence of soft tissue or visceral localization argued for the cutaneous primitive origin. Adjuvant radiotherapy and targeted therapy with mTOR inhibitor (nab-sirolimus) was indicated. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the eighth case of a primary cutaneous malignant PEComa reported in the literature to date.