Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102520
L. Hernández-Camacho , M.E. Charte Alegre , M. Lalueza Cosculluela , A. Fournier Bedoya , A.B. Solano Checa
{"title":"Disnea en el anciano, más allá de lo típico","authors":"L. Hernández-Camacho , M.E. Charte Alegre , M. Lalueza Cosculluela , A. Fournier Bedoya , A.B. Solano Checa","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102568
M. Jara , S.V. Flores , R. Montaña , Á. Roco-Videla
The Balance Rehabilitation Unit (BRU) has emerged as a promising tool for the evaluation and treatment of vestibular dysfunctions. In this context, the present study analyzed scientific evidence regarding its clinical use through a systematic review guided by PRISMA guidelines. In most of the studies (80%), the BRU was used to assess center of pressure (COP) and sway velocity (SV), showing significant improvements after the interventions. Furthermore, when compared to conventional treatments, it demonstrated superior results in these parameters, reinforcing its value in rehabilitation. However, the absence of normative values limits its diagnostic application, highlighting the need for further research to establish clear reference parameters that can guide its clinical use.
{"title":"Uso de la Unidad de Rehabilitación del Equilibrio (URE) en disfunciones vestibulares: revisión sistemática sobre su aplicación diagnóstica y terapéutica","authors":"M. Jara , S.V. Flores , R. Montaña , Á. Roco-Videla","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Balance Rehabilitation Unit (BRU) has emerged as a promising tool for the evaluation and treatment of vestibular dysfunctions. In this context, the present study analyzed scientific evidence regarding its clinical use through a systematic review guided by PRISMA guidelines. In most of the studies (80%), the BRU was used to assess center of pressure (COP) and sway velocity (SV), showing significant improvements after the interventions. Furthermore, when compared to conventional treatments, it demonstrated superior results in these parameters, reinforcing its value in rehabilitation. However, the absence of normative values limits its diagnostic application, highlighting the need for further research to establish clear reference parameters that can guide its clinical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102582
J.M. Rubio López
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a key functional food in the Mediterranean diet, renowned for its multiple health benefits. Rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, and bioactive compounds like polyphenols and tocopherols, EVOO helps reduce LDL cholesterol, increase HDL cholesterol, and protect against oxidative stress. Regular consumption is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies such as PREDIMED and the Seven Countries Study have demonstrated its role in preventing cardiovascular events and reducing blood pressure. Additionally, EVOO contributes to cancer prevention, lowering the risk of specific types like breast and colon cancer. It also improves insulin sensitivity and intestinal microbiota health, promoting metabolic and cognitive balance. Recommended for its positive impact on health, EVOO should be a staple in a healthy daily diet, not only as a substitute for saturated fats but as an essential ingredient to enhance quality of life and prevent chronic diseases.
The information search period covers the years 2000 to April 2025, in accordance with the inclusion criteria defined for the studies. These criteria prioritize relevant and up-to-date publications, while allowing exceptions for earlier works of historical significance.
{"title":"Aceite y vida: el impacto del aceite de oliva en la salud humana. Revisión de la evidencia de la recomendación del uso del aceite de oliva virgen extra","authors":"J.M. Rubio López","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a key functional food in the Mediterranean diet, renowned for its multiple health benefits. Rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, and bioactive compounds like polyphenols and tocopherols, EVOO helps reduce LDL cholesterol, increase HDL cholesterol, and protect against oxidative stress. Regular consumption is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies such as PREDIMED and the Seven Countries Study have demonstrated its role in preventing cardiovascular events and reducing blood pressure. Additionally, EVOO contributes to cancer prevention, lowering the risk of specific types like breast and colon cancer. It also improves insulin sensitivity and intestinal microbiota health, promoting metabolic and cognitive balance. Recommended for its positive impact on health, EVOO should be a staple in a healthy daily diet, not only as a substitute for saturated fats but as an essential ingredient to enhance quality of life and prevent chronic diseases.</div><div>The information search period covers the years 2000 to April 2025, in accordance with the inclusion criteria defined for the studies. These criteria prioritize relevant and up-to-date publications, while allowing exceptions for earlier works of historical significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102554
R. Damián-García , A. Relaño-Mesa , E. Martín-Riobóo
Objective
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction after joint injections with corticosteroids and local anesthetics in Primary Care (PC). Secondarily, we pretend to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample, the frequency of injected joints, adverse effects, analgesia used at least 30 days, the imaging tests performed, and the primary diagnoses leading to injections.
Material and methods
Observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study. The estimated sample size was 64 subjects. Absolute values and frequencies were calculated for qualitative variables (sociodemographic variables, anatomical regions infiltrated, additional tests, analgesia used at least 30 days, adverse effects, level of satisfaction four weeks after the procedure, and the possibility of re-infiltration if pain in the same or a different anatomical area occurs), as well as means and standard deviations for quantitative variables (sociodemographic variables). To determine the level of pain in the anatomical region to be infiltrated, a verbal numeric rating scale (VRNS) was used before the procedure, as well as two and four weeks afterward. Patient satisfaction was determined using an ad hoc scale with five possible options (none, minimal, acceptable, high, very high) four weeks after the procedure.
Results
The satisfaction with the procedure in this study was very high (53.8%) or high (24.6%). 90.8% of patients indicated they would repeat local injections with local anesthetic and corticosteroids again. If they needed to repeat any injection again, 86.2% would do it in primary care. The knee was injected in 41.5% of cases, and in 36.9% of cases, for the diagnosis of gonarthrosis.
Conclusion
Pain in the affected region decreased from severe to mild one month after the procedure, resulting in a very high level of satisfaction. The high level of patient satisfaction with this health program justifies its use at primary care centers.
{"title":"Grado de satisfacción de infiltraciones articulares en atención primaria","authors":"R. Damián-García , A. Relaño-Mesa , E. Martín-Riobóo","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main objective of this study is to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction after joint injections with corticosteroids and local anesthetics in Primary Care (PC). Secondarily, we pretend to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample, the frequency of injected joints, adverse effects, analgesia used at least 30<!--> <!-->days, the imaging tests performed, and the primary diagnoses leading to injections.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study. The estimated sample size was 64 subjects. Absolute values and frequencies were calculated for qualitative variables (sociodemographic variables, anatomical regions infiltrated, additional tests, analgesia used at least 30<!--> <!-->days, adverse effects, level of satisfaction four weeks after the procedure, and the possibility of re-infiltration if pain in the same or a different anatomical area occurs), as well as means and standard deviations for quantitative variables (sociodemographic variables). To determine the level of pain in the anatomical region to be infiltrated, a verbal numeric rating scale (VRNS) was used before the procedure, as well as two and four weeks afterward. Patient satisfaction was determined using an ad hoc scale with five possible options (none, minimal, acceptable, high, very high) four weeks after the procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The satisfaction with the procedure in this study was very high (53.8%) or high (24.6%). 90.8% of patients indicated they would repeat local injections with local anesthetic and corticosteroids again. If they needed to repeat any injection again, 86.2% would do it in primary care. The knee was injected in 41.5% of cases, and in 36.9% of cases, for the diagnosis of gonarthrosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pain in the affected region decreased from severe to mild one month after the procedure, resulting in a very high level of satisfaction. The high level of patient satisfaction with this health program justifies its use at primary care centers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102491
J. González Fernández , M. García García , M. Ara Martín
{"title":"Lesiones en zonas fotoexpuestas: el papel de la atención primaria en el diagnóstico diferencial","authors":"J. González Fernández , M. García García , M. Ara Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102584
J. Escribano-Serrano , E. Jiménez-Varo , M. Escribano-Cobalea , C. Casto-Jarillo , A. López-Ceres , E. Campos-Dávila , A. Hormigo-Pozo , C. Nieto-Ordoñez , M.Á. Rodríguez-Juliá , A. Michán-Doña
Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease associated with Diabetes Mellitus (CKD-DM) is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Despite its relevance, its specific characteristics within the Spanish context have been scarcely described.
Objective
To determine the prevalence, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic management of CKD-DM according to KDIGO guidelines in a healthcare area in southern Spain.
Methods
Observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study based on SIDICAM records from July 2021 to June 2023 in the Campo de Gibraltar East Health Management Area. Diabetic patients (PDM) were identified and classified according to KDIGO 2024 criteria: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).
Results
Among the 8,732 PDM analyzed, 32.3% had CKD-DM (95% CI: 31.3%-33.2%), and 6.9% met criteria for nephrology-range CKD-DM. The predominant phenotype was eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (14.2%), followed by the combined phenotype (9.2%) and isolated albuminuria (8.9%). Prevalence was higher in women and increased with age and diabetes duration. SGLT2 inhibitors were used in 48% of patients with CKD-DM, rising to 60% among the youngest group.
Conclusion
CKD-DM shows a high prevalence and phenotypic variability according to age, sex, and diabetes progression. This study highlights the need for personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies, as well as the crucial role that primary care must play in the early detection and management of CKD-DM.
慢性肾脏疾病合并糖尿病（CKD-DM）是一种具有显著发病率、死亡率和医疗负担的常见病。尽管它具有相关性，但它在西班牙背景下的具体特点却很少得到描述。目的：根据西班牙南部某医疗保健地区的KDIGO指南，确定CKD-DM的患病率、临床表型和治疗管理。方法：基于2021年7月至2023年6月在Campo de Gibraltar East卫生管理区的SIDICAM记录进行观察性、横断面和回顾性研究。糖尿病患者（PDM）根据KDIGO 2024标准进行识别和分类：估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）和白蛋白与肌酐比（ACR）。结果：在分析的8732例PDM中，32.3%患有CKD-DM (95% CI: 31.3%-33.2%)， 6.9%符合肾脏学范围的CKD-DM标准。主要表型为eGFR 2(14.2%)，其次为联合表型（9.2%）和分离性蛋白尿（8.9%）。女性患病率较高，且随年龄和糖尿病病程增加而增加。48%的CKD-DM患者使用SGLT2抑制剂，在最年轻的一组中上升到60%。结论：CKD-DM根据年龄、性别和糖尿病进展表现出较高的患病率和表型变异性。这项研究强调了个性化预防和治疗策略的必要性，以及初级保健在CKD-DM的早期发现和管理中必须发挥的关键作用。
{"title":"Epidemiología, características y gestión de la enfermedad renal crónica asociada a la diabetes en un área sanitaria de Cádiz","authors":"J. Escribano-Serrano , E. Jiménez-Varo , M. Escribano-Cobalea , C. Casto-Jarillo , A. López-Ceres , E. Campos-Dávila , A. Hormigo-Pozo , C. Nieto-Ordoñez , M.Á. Rodríguez-Juliá , A. Michán-Doña","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Chronic Kidney Disease associated with Diabetes Mellitus (CKD-DM) is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Despite its relevance, its specific characteristics within the Spanish context have been scarcely described.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic management of CKD-DM according to KDIGO guidelines in a healthcare area in southern Spain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study based on SIDICAM records from July 2021 to June 2023 in the Campo de Gibraltar East Health Management Area. Diabetic patients (PDM) were identified and classified according to KDIGO 2024 criteria: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 8,732 PDM analyzed, 32.3% had CKD-DM (95% <span>C</span>I: 31.3%-33.2%), and 6.9% met criteria for nephrology-range CKD-DM. The predominant phenotype was eGFR <<!--> <!-->60<!--> <!-->mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (14.2%), followed by the combined phenotype (9.2%) and isolated albuminuria (8.9%). Prevalence was higher in women and increased with age and diabetes duration. SGLT2 inhibitors were used in 48% of patients with CKD-DM, rising to 60% among the youngest group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CKD-DM shows a high prevalence and phenotypic variability according to age, sex, and diabetes progression. This study highlights the need for personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies, as well as the crucial role that primary care must play in the early detection and management of CKD-DM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102548
J.M. Iturralde-Iriso , J. Guinea-Castanares , I.N. Elizondo-Pinillos
Objective
To perform a descriptive analysis of a population diagnosed with DM2 in Alava, to correlate the CUN-BAE and BMI formulas and to analyse the use of GLP-1 analogue.
Materials and methods
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective and observational study. We included the type 2 diabetic population of Alava, over 18 years of age with BMI recorded in their clinical history in the last 2 years, the data were collected from the OBID database.
Results
1,3705 patients were analysed, 56.4% men and 43.6% women. The mean age was 69.18 years. Mean BMI in men was 29.12 (SD 4.79) kg/m2 and in women 29.88 (SD 6) kg/m2. The CUN-BAE in men was 32.15 (SD 5.29) and in women 44.29 (SD 5.5).
Conclusions
41% of the population analysed by BMI would be considered obese, while with CUN-BAE 95.2% of men and 93.2% of women would be considered obese. Further studies are needed to make a more accurate estimation with CUN-BAE in other breeds.
{"title":"Estimación de grasa corporal de una población con diabetes de un área de salud mediante fórmula Clínica Universitaria de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator [CUN-BAE]","authors":"J.M. Iturralde-Iriso , J. Guinea-Castanares , I.N. Elizondo-Pinillos","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To perform a descriptive analysis of a population diagnosed with DM2 in Alava, to correlate the CUN-BAE and BMI formulas and to analyse the use of GLP-1 analogue.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective and observational study. We included the type 2 diabetic population of Alava, over 18 years of age with BMI recorded in their clinical history in the last 2 years, the data were collected from the OBID database.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1,3705 patients were analysed, 56.4% men and 43.6% women. The mean age was 69.18 years. Mean BMI in men was 29.12 (SD 4.79) kg/m2 and in women 29.88 (SD 6) kg/m2. The CUN-BAE in men was 32.15 (SD 5.29) and in women 44.29 (SD 5.5).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>41% of the population analysed by BMI would be considered obese, while with CUN-BAE 95.2% of men and 93.2% of women would be considered obese. Further studies are needed to make a more accurate estimation with CUN-BAE in other breeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 7","pages":"Article 102548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102551
H. Bermúdez Marval, C. García Bertolín, A. Rojas Díaz, T. Arroyo Serrano, M. Linares Rufo
{"title":"Desmitificando el diagnóstico de las ITS: una mirada crítica desde una perspectiva de género; ¿existe discriminación o prejuicios?","authors":"H. Bermúdez Marval, C. García Bertolín, A. Rojas Díaz, T. Arroyo Serrano, M. Linares Rufo","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 7","pages":"Article 102551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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