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Obesidad metabólicamente sana y riesgo cardiovascular: análisis de escalas de riesgo en una amplia cohorte poblacional 代谢健康肥胖与心血管风险:大人群风险量表分析
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102580
M. García Samuelsson , P.J. Tárraga López , A.A. López González , C. Busquets-Cortés , J. Obrador de Hevia , J.I. Ramírez Manent

Introduction

Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) describes obese individuals without evident metabolic disturbances. However, its relationship with cardiovascular risk remains controversial.

Objective

To assess cardiovascular risk using different risk scores among MHO individuals compared to metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and normal-weight subjects in a large cohort of Spanish workers.

Methods

Cross-sectional study including 68,884 obese workers (45,498 men and 23,386 women). MHO and MUO were classified according to NCEP-ATP III criteria. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using SCORE2, REGICOR, ERICE, DORICA, vascular age, and avoidable years of life lost.

Results

MHO individuals exhibited a better risk profile than MUO subjects but significantly worse than normal-weight individuals. Across all evaluated scores, MUO individuals showed the highest risk values, particularly among men. Lower educational attainment, low social class, physical inactivity, and smoking were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions

Although considered intermediate risk, MHO is not a clinically benign phenotype. Targeted preventive strategies are necessary to reduce the progression toward metabolically unhealthy states in this subgroup.
代谢健康型肥胖(MHO)是指没有明显代谢紊乱的肥胖个体。然而,其与心血管风险的关系仍存在争议。目的在一项大型西班牙工人队列研究中,使用不同的风险评分来评估MHO个体与代谢不健康肥胖(MUO)和正常体重受试者之间的心血管风险。方法对68884名肥胖工人(男性45498人,女性23386人)进行横断面研究。根据NCEP-ATP III标准对MHO和MUO进行分类。使用SCORE2、REGICOR、ERICE、DORICA、血管年龄和可避免的生命损失年数来评估心血管风险。结果smho个体的风险状况优于MUO个体,但显著低于正常体重个体。在所有评估得分中,MUO个体显示出最高的风险值,尤其是在男性中。受教育程度低、社会地位低、缺乏运动和吸烟与心血管风险增加独立相关。结论MHO虽被认为是中度风险,但并非临床良性表型。有针对性的预防策略是必要的,以减少向代谢不健康状态的进展。
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引用次数: 0
DoxyPEP: un enfoque innovador en la prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual desde la atención primaria DoxyPEP:从初级保健中预防性传播疾病的创新方法
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102545
D. García Elices, J. Dominguez Sanchez, M. Roman Garrido
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引用次数: 0
¿Qué tengo que saber de cefaleas si soy médico de Atención Primaria? 如果我是一名初级保健医生,我应该知道什么关于头痛?
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102534
N. Fontanillas , I. Rivera , P. Baz , J. Pascual
Headache is among the most invalidating diseases for daily life activities and the most frequent consultation in Primary Care (PC). In spite of this, recent studies have shown that more training is necessary in PC, both in the diagnosis and treatment of headache patients. Our aim is to review, from a practical clinical view, the management of headache in PC, as well as to mention the new options for the treatment of patients with refractory primary headaches. With that objective, we revise the red flags for the diagnosis of serious secondary headache, the tricks for the diagnosis and initial treatment of primary headache, focusing in migraine, the headache which accounts for more than two-thirds of consultations due to headache in PC.
头痛是日常生活活动中最无效的疾病之一,也是初级保健(PC)中最常见的咨询。尽管如此,最近的研究表明,在头痛患者的诊断和治疗方面,需要更多的培训。我们的目的是回顾,从实际的临床观点,头痛在PC的管理,以及提到治疗难治性原发性头痛患者的新选择。有了这个目标,我们修改了严重继发性头痛诊断的危险信号,原发性头痛的诊断和初始治疗技巧,重点放在偏头痛上,偏头痛占PC患者因头痛就诊的三分之二以上。
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引用次数: 0
Redefiniendo la atención primaria: recomendaciones de CARABELA-AP para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas prevalentes [重新定义初级保健:流行慢性病管理的CARABELA-PC建议]。
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102586
J. Polo , P. Rodríguez , I. Mediavilla , A. Pérez , L. Regadera , E. Fitas , C. Moreno , A. Prado , A. Izarra , R.M. Micó-Pérez , el Comité Científico de CARABELA-AP

Aim

The CARABELA-AP initiative aims to optimize the comprehensive management of prevalent chronic diseases (PCDs), such as asthma, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure, within the Primary Care (PC) setting in Spain.

Material and methods

The CARABELA methodology is structured into four phases: (1) characterization of the care process and development of quality indicators; (2) validation of results in pilot centers and identification of areas for improvement and potential solutions; (3) prioritization of improvement areas/solutions and consensus on indicators in a national meeting using the Delphi methodology; and (4) dissemination of results and implementation in other healthcare centers through the development of a guide to optimize and coordinate PCD management.

Results

The analysis conducted in 104 pilot centers allowed for the characterization and standardization of the care process for the five PCDs, from diagnosis to follow-up. Additionally, 21 areas for improvement and 37 key solutions were identified and prioritized based on their impact and ease of implementation. Among the 35 quality indicators developed, 33 were validated.

Discussion

CARABELA-AP proposes the groundwork for transforming the PC care model by strengthening multidisciplinary coordination and promoting a more efficient and sustainable management of PCDs. The structured implementation of key solutions and identified areas for improvement supports a comprehensive approach that ensures continuity of care and equitable access to treatment for these conditions. Additionally, the developed framework enables the adaptation of strategies to the local needs of the healthcare centers and facilitates ongoing monitoring of their impact through quality care indicators.
目的:CARABELA-AP计划旨在优化西班牙初级保健(PC)环境中流行慢性病(PCDs)的综合管理,如哮喘、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺病、慢性肾病和心力衰竭。材料和方法:CARABELA方法分为四个阶段:(1)护理过程的表征和质量指标的制定;(2)验证试点中心的结果,确定需要改进的领域和潜在的解决方案;(3)利用德尔菲方法确定改进领域/解决方案的优先次序,并在全国会议上就指标达成共识;(4)通过制定优化和协调PCD管理的指南,在其他医疗中心传播和实施结果。结果:在104个试点中心进行的分析允许对五种慢性阻塞性肺病的护理过程进行表征和标准化,从诊断到随访。此外,还确定了21个有待改进的领域和37个关键解决方案,并根据其影响和实施难易程度确定了优先次序。在制定的35项质量指标中,有33项得到了验证。讨论:CARABELA-AP提出了通过加强多学科协调和促进更有效和可持续的PCDs管理来转变PC护理模式的基础。有组织地实施关键解决方案和确定需要改进的领域,有助于采取综合办法,确保这些疾病的护理连续性和公平获得治疗的机会。此外,制定的框架使战略能够适应医疗保健中心的当地需求,并通过优质护理指标促进对其影响的持续监测。
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引用次数: 0
Linfoma post-COVID en la infancia: ¿casualidad o causalidad? 2019冠状病毒病后的儿童淋巴瘤:是偶然还是因果关系?
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102522
C. Carrasco Noguero, A. Wandosell Álvarez, B. Sancho Sanroma, R. de la Fuente Cañíbano, J. Crespo del Hierro
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引用次数: 0
La conferencia de Alma-Ata como final de un proceso histórico (1815-1979) 作为历史进程结束的阿拉木图会议(1815-1979年)
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102535
R. Moreno-Pérez de Tudela , H. Romero-Ramos , L. Cayuela-Rodríguez , I. Gabaldón-Rodríguez , A. Cayuela-Domínguez , M. Ortega-Calvo
From the enactment of the Apothecaries Act by the British government in 1815 until Halfdan Mahler convened the Alma-Ata conference in September 1978, a series of events took place that made up the shape and spirit of contemporary primary care. We wish to demonstrate to the reader that Alma-Ata was not a foundational phenomenon, but perhaps it was only the tip of a historical iceberg.
从1815年英国政府颁布《药剂师法》到1978年9月哈夫丹·马勒召开阿拉木图会议,一系列事件的发生构成了当代初级保健的形态和精神。我们希望向读者表明,阿拉木图不是一个根本性的现象,也许它只是历史的冰山一角。
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引用次数: 0
Alergia a la penicilina: dificultades y resistencias para el desetiquetado en atención primaria 青霉素过敏:在初级保健中取消标签的困难和阻力
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102552
A. Bellvert Ríos , C. Albaladejo Blanco , J. Sánchez de Vicente
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引用次数: 0
Gut microbiome-centric nutritional strategies in inflammatory bowel disease: Modulating dysbiosis for therapeutic benefit 炎症性肠病中以肠道微生物群为中心的营养策略:调节生态失调以获得治疗益处
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102575
D. Fetarayani , A. Vidyani , H. Sutanto
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, arises from complex interactions among genetics, immunity, environmental triggers, and, critically, the gut microbiome. Dysbiosis – marked by a loss of beneficial microbes and expansion of pro-inflammatory taxa – plays a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. This review highlights the central role of gut microbiota in IBD and explores evidence-based nutritional interventions aimed at restoring microbial balance and immune regulation. Dietary fiber, prebiotics, and fermented foods promote short-chain fatty acid production and barrier integrity, while omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols modulate inflammatory pathways. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), especially in Crohn's disease, alters microbial profiles and reduces mucosal inflammation. Targeted micronutrient supplementation addresses common deficiencies impacting immune function. Through the lens of microbiota modulation, dietary therapy emerges not merely as supportive care, but as a primary therapeutic tool in IBD management. Microbiome-directed nutrition offers promising adjunctive strategies to induce and maintain remission.
炎症性肠病(IBD),包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎,是由遗传、免疫、环境触发因素以及肠道微生物群之间复杂的相互作用引起的。以有益微生物的丧失和促炎类群的扩大为标志的生态失调在疾病发病机制中起着关键作用。这篇综述强调了肠道微生物群在IBD中的核心作用,并探讨了旨在恢复微生物平衡和免疫调节的循证营养干预措施。膳食纤维、益生元和发酵食品促进短链脂肪酸的产生和屏障的完整性,而omega-3脂肪酸和多酚调节炎症途径。专门肠内营养(EEN),特别是在克罗恩病,改变微生物谱和减少粘膜炎症。有针对性的微量营养素补充解决了影响免疫功能的常见缺陷。从微生物群调节的角度来看,饮食疗法不仅是一种支持性治疗,而且是IBD治疗的主要治疗工具。以微生物群为导向的营养提供了有希望的辅助策略来诱导和维持缓解。
{"title":"Gut microbiome-centric nutritional strategies in inflammatory bowel disease: Modulating dysbiosis for therapeutic benefit","authors":"D. Fetarayani ,&nbsp;A. Vidyani ,&nbsp;H. Sutanto","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, arises from complex interactions among genetics, immunity, environmental triggers, and, critically, the gut microbiome. Dysbiosis – marked by a loss of beneficial microbes and expansion of pro-inflammatory taxa – plays a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis. This review highlights the central role of gut microbiota in IBD and explores evidence-based nutritional interventions aimed at restoring microbial balance and immune regulation. Dietary fiber, prebiotics, and fermented foods promote short-chain fatty acid production and barrier integrity, while omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols modulate inflammatory pathways. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), especially in Crohn's disease, alters microbial profiles and reduces mucosal inflammation. Targeted micronutrient supplementation addresses common deficiencies impacting immune function. Through the lens of microbiota modulation, dietary therapy emerges not merely as supportive care, but as a primary therapeutic tool in IBD management. Microbiome-directed nutrition offers promising adjunctive strategies to induce and maintain remission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atención centrada en el paciente: una propuesta de implementación del Plan Anticipado de Atención en Salud (PAS) en trastornos neurocognitivos desde la medicina de familia 以患者为中心的护理:从家庭医学角度实施《神经认知障碍早期保健计划》的建议
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102517
N.A. Castellanos Quiroga, E.H. Hernández Rincón, M.C. Barrios Martínez
In recent years, the increasing older adult population and the high prevalence of neurocognitive disorders hace led to a significant demographic shift, resulting in greater functional dependence and challenges in end – of – life decision – making. In response to this reality, the importance of Advance Care Planning (ACP) is emphasized as a key strategy to ensure that medical management aligns with patient preferences.
This study aims to analyze ACP from a family medicine perspective, identifying its benefits, barriers and implementation strategies in patients with neurocognitive disorders though an application protocol based on person – centered care and a holistic approach. Through a narrative review, 27 articles on ACP in primary care were selected. The main stakeholders identified include the patient, the surrogate decision maker, and the family physician. Furthermore, the study proposes the development of a protocol to facilitate the integration of ACP into routine medical consultations, ensuring its incorporation into clinical practice.
近年来,老年人口的增加和神经认知障碍的高流行率导致了显著的人口结构变化,导致更大的功能依赖和临终决策的挑战。针对这一现实,预先护理计划(ACP)的重要性被强调为确保医疗管理与患者偏好保持一致的关键战略。本研究旨在从家庭医学的角度分析ACP,通过基于以人为本的护理和整体方法的应用方案,确定其在神经认知障碍患者中的益处、障碍和实施策略。通过叙述性回顾,我们选择了27篇关于ACP在初级保健中的应用的文章。确定的主要利益相关者包括患者、代理决策者和家庭医生。此外,该研究建议制定一项议定书,以促进将非手术治疗纳入日常医疗咨询,确保将其纳入临床实践。
{"title":"Atención centrada en el paciente: una propuesta de implementación del Plan Anticipado de Atención en Salud (PAS) en trastornos neurocognitivos desde la medicina de familia","authors":"N.A. Castellanos Quiroga,&nbsp;E.H. Hernández Rincón,&nbsp;M.C. Barrios Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the increasing older adult population and the high prevalence of neurocognitive disorders hace led to a significant demographic shift, resulting in greater functional dependence and challenges in end – of – life decision – making. In response to this reality, the importance of Advance Care Planning (ACP) is emphasized as a key strategy to ensure that medical management aligns with patient preferences.</div><div>This study aims to analyze ACP from a family medicine perspective, identifying its benefits, barriers and implementation strategies in patients with neurocognitive disorders though an application protocol based on person – centered care and a holistic approach. Through a narrative review, 27 articles on ACP in primary care were selected. The main stakeholders identified include the patient, the surrogate decision maker, and the family physician. Furthermore, the study proposes the development of a protocol to facilitate the integration of ACP into routine medical consultations, ensuring its incorporation into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Síndrome de Ekbom, la importancia de reconocerlo 埃克邦综合症,认识它的重要性
IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102569
R. Moreno Moreno , C. Guerrero Martínez , I. Piñero del Rosario
{"title":"Síndrome de Ekbom, la importancia de reconocerlo","authors":"R. Moreno Moreno ,&nbsp;C. Guerrero Martínez ,&nbsp;I. Piñero del Rosario","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 8","pages":"Article 102569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN
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