Pub Date : 2018-07-25DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I4.100
Pandithurai Othiyappan
In this paper, we present an immune based fuzzy-logic approach for computer-aided diagnosis scheme in medical imaging. The scheme applies to lung CT images and to detect and classify lung nodules. Classification of lung tissue is a significant and challenging task in any computer aided diagnosis system. This paper presents a technique for classification of lung tissue from computed tomography of the lung using the Gaussian interval type-2 fuzzy logic system. The type-2 Gaussian membership functions (T2MFs) and their footprint of uncertainty (FOU) are tuned by immune, genetic algorithm, which is the combination of immune genetic algorithm (GA) and local exploration operator. An immune, genetic algorithm estimates the parameters of the type-2 fuzzy membership function (T2MF). By using immune, genetic algorithm, converging speed is increased. The proposed local exploration operator helps in finding the best Gaussian distribution curve of a particular feature which improves the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnosis system.
{"title":"Diagnosis of Lung Disorder Using Immune Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy logic to Handle Incertitude","authors":"Pandithurai Othiyappan","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I4.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I4.100","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an immune based fuzzy-logic approach for computer-aided diagnosis scheme in medical imaging. The scheme applies to lung CT images and to detect and classify lung nodules. Classification of lung tissue is a significant and challenging task in any computer aided diagnosis system. This paper presents a technique for classification of lung tissue from computed tomography of the lung using the Gaussian interval type-2 fuzzy logic system. The type-2 Gaussian membership functions (T2MFs) and their footprint of uncertainty (FOU) are tuned by immune, genetic algorithm, which is the combination of immune genetic algorithm (GA) and local exploration operator. An immune, genetic algorithm estimates the parameters of the type-2 fuzzy membership function (T2MF). By using immune, genetic algorithm, converging speed is increased. The proposed local exploration operator helps in finding the best Gaussian distribution curve of a particular feature which improves the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnosis system.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"28 1","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47331381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V29I2.136
P. Theerthagiri, T. Menakadevi
The mobility of the node plays a crucial role in route discovery process for Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET). Typically, the high-speed node affects the routing process in terms of packet relay, packet delivery. In this paper, we propose a mobility prediction model FMPM using Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method for estimating futuristic speed values of the nodes in MANET. The ARIMA is a time series forecasting approach using autocorrelations of the data. The ARIMA model applied to mobile nodes for predicting its future speeds in the network. This prediction supports the route discovery process for selection of moderate mobility nodes, which provides the reliable routing with the nodes. The nodes are trained by ARIMA model using neural network time-series tool of Matlab. Roughly, each node trained about 10 iterations. Simulation results show that the forecasted values almost match with the simulated node speed values. Performance analysis of the predicted mobility values exhibits the enhancement of current methodology compared to other works in terms of performance metrics such as mean square error, covariance, and computation overhead. FMPM yields more perfection in the speed prediction of a mobile node with a maximum of 80-100 % throughout the time series.
{"title":"FMPM: Futuristic Mobility Prediction Model for Mobile Adhoc Networks Using Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average","authors":"P. Theerthagiri, T. Menakadevi","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V29I2.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V29I2.136","url":null,"abstract":"The mobility of the node plays a crucial role in route discovery process for Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET). Typically, the high-speed node affects the routing process in terms of packet relay, packet delivery. In this paper, we propose a mobility prediction model FMPM using Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method for estimating futuristic speed values of the nodes in MANET. The ARIMA is a time series forecasting approach using autocorrelations of the data. The ARIMA model applied to mobile nodes for predicting its future speeds in the network. This prediction supports the route discovery process for selection of moderate mobility nodes, which provides the reliable routing with the nodes. The nodes are trained by ARIMA model using neural network time-series tool of Matlab. Roughly, each node trained about 10 iterations. Simulation results show that the forecasted values almost match with the simulated node speed values. Performance analysis of the predicted mobility values exhibits the enhancement of current methodology compared to other works in terms of performance metrics such as mean square error, covariance, and computation overhead. FMPM yields more perfection in the speed prediction of a mobile node with a maximum of 80-100 % throughout the time series.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"29 1","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V29I2.136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45873683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V29I1.135
A. Bernik, M. Kotlár
Ptex is a texture mapping method. It's main advantage is the elimination of UV mapping process by storing separate texture for each face. Ptex deals with the filtering across face boundaries, which makes all the little separate textures look seamless, as if they were one big texture. Ptex file format can efficiently store hundreds of thousands of images into a single file. Ptex API is released as open source, written in C++, which enables implementation of Ptex in various programs. This paper analyses advantages and drawbacks of this system and examines if Ptex is today usable outside of big production studios. Analysis leads us to a conclusion that Ptex can already be used by individuals outside of big production studios.
{"title":"Ptex system for advanced texture mapping","authors":"A. Bernik, M. Kotlár","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V29I1.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V29I1.135","url":null,"abstract":"Ptex is a texture mapping method. It's main advantage is the elimination of UV mapping process by storing separate texture for each face. Ptex deals with the filtering across face boundaries, which makes all the little separate textures look seamless, as if they were one big texture. Ptex file format can efficiently store hundreds of thousands of images into a single file. Ptex API is released as open source, written in C++, which enables implementation of Ptex in various programs. This paper analyses advantages and drawbacks of this system and examines if Ptex is today usable outside of big production studios. Analysis leads us to a conclusion that Ptex can already be used by individuals outside of big production studios.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"29 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48577244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-05DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.138
M. Rožić, Marina Vukoje
In this paper, photochemical stability of two thermochromic prints was investigated: vegetable oil based offset and UV curing screen printing ink. The obtained preliminary results can be used for further detailed examination of prints stability. It is well known that thermochromic printing inks are very unstabile when exsposed to UV irradiance and this is why they are mainly used for applications that are not directly exposed to sunlight. The results of the study show the heterogeneous nature of photooxidative degradation of thermochromic prints, and the opposite behaviour of photooxidation can be noticed comparing examined prints. Microcapsules in the UV curable screen print by fixation with polar polymer binder can create a new products stable to photoxidation. For this reason, the areas where the microcapsules and binder are bonded together are stable. Degraded only areas where binder is not related to microcapsules. Microcapsules in offset print do not have the ability to create new stabile forms due to smaller polarity and different chemical composition of the offset oxidized binder. In the offset print, the microcapsules are the least photooxidative stable and also cause lower photooxidative stability of the binder in contact with them. Cavities are formed in the areas where microcapsules are in contact with the binder, while the areas in which the binder is not in contact with microcapsules are not degraded.
{"title":"Photo-oxidation stability of microcapsules in thermochromic prints","authors":"M. Rožić, Marina Vukoje","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.138","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, photochemical stability of two thermochromic prints was investigated: vegetable oil based offset and UV curing screen printing ink. The obtained preliminary results can be used for further detailed examination of prints stability. It is well known that thermochromic printing inks are very unstabile when exsposed to UV irradiance and this is why they are mainly used for applications that are not directly exposed to sunlight. The results of the study show the heterogeneous nature of photooxidative degradation of thermochromic prints, and the opposite behaviour of photooxidation can be noticed comparing examined prints. Microcapsules in the UV curable screen print by fixation with polar polymer binder can create a new products stable to photoxidation. For this reason, the areas where the microcapsules and binder are bonded together are stable. Degraded only areas where binder is not related to microcapsules. Microcapsules in offset print do not have the ability to create new stabile forms due to smaller polarity and different chemical composition of the offset oxidized binder. In the offset print, the microcapsules are the least photooxidative stable and also cause lower photooxidative stability of the binder in contact with them. Cavities are formed in the areas where microcapsules are in contact with the binder, while the areas in which the binder is not in contact with microcapsules are not degraded.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"28 1","pages":"109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49425477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-05DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.130
I. Budimir, Miroslav Mikota, Josipa Fotak, Hrvoje Grujić
The primary goal of graphic design as a form of "commercial art" is to create a stronger aesthetic impression on graphic product users. In order to achieve better aesthetic quality, designers use mathematical compositional rules such as golden ratio or symmetry. This paper contains extensive discussion of the possibilities offered by different types of symmetry in graphic design. Also, the results of the research conducted by the method of experimental aesthetics were provided in this paper and this research evaluated the opinions of the subjects about the aesthetic value of the mirror symmetric form. For this purpose, 4 original test samples were designed, which were ranked by the respondents using the Liekert scale, according to their own aesthetic value. Non-parametric Friedman's ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were used to identify pairs of arithmetic means of ranks that statistically differ significantly (p <0.05). It was found that respondents considered that the highest quality test pattern was the one whose form was fully aligned with the mirror symmetry, thereby experimentally verifying the aesthetic value of the mirror symmetry.
{"title":"Aesthetic Value of Mirror Symmetry in Graphic Design","authors":"I. Budimir, Miroslav Mikota, Josipa Fotak, Hrvoje Grujić","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.130","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of graphic design as a form of \"commercial art\" is to create a stronger aesthetic impression on graphic product users. In order to achieve better aesthetic quality, designers use mathematical compositional rules such as golden ratio or symmetry. This paper contains extensive discussion of the possibilities offered by different types of symmetry in graphic design. Also, the results of the research conducted by the method of experimental aesthetics were provided in this paper and this research evaluated the opinions of the subjects about the aesthetic value of the mirror symmetric form. For this purpose, 4 original test samples were designed, which were ranked by the respondents using the Liekert scale, according to their own aesthetic value. Non-parametric Friedman's ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were used to identify pairs of arithmetic means of ranks that statistically differ significantly (p <0.05). It was found that respondents considered that the highest quality test pattern was the one whose form was fully aligned with the mirror symmetry, thereby experimentally verifying the aesthetic value of the mirror symmetry.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"28 1","pages":"101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44453953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-05DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.129
Petra Bradić, K. Hajdek, Milan A. Matijevic, Martina Hajdek
The paper presents the results of the research on the manifestation of the chromatic effect crispening, where the primary stimuli are designed as squares in the blue-green color with the values of 55% RTV and 65% RTV, while the secondary stimuli are designed as backgrounds in the purple color and their variations are made in the values of 25% RTV, 50 % RTV, 75% RTV and 100% RTV that surrounds the primary stimuli. Ten respondents of both sexes participated in the research. They had the task to match on a computer screen through the binocular harmonization technique the test primary stimuli with the referential stimuli, so that the test primary stimuli are perceived the same or equal to the referential primary stimuli. The intensity of the effect was determined and presented in the CIEDE00 system. The results of the research show that the intensity of the effect was more pronounced on the test primary stimuli of 65% RTV, where the deviations in the perception of color were more pronounced. The smallest deviation was measured on the primary stimulus of 55% RTV with the background of 75% RTV, which is also a recommendation to the designers when creating a conceptual solution with the combination of pairs presented in this paper.
{"title":"The influence of the chromatic effect of crispening on the shift in the manifestation of the color of the observer","authors":"Petra Bradić, K. Hajdek, Milan A. Matijevic, Martina Hajdek","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.129","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the research on the manifestation of the chromatic effect crispening, where the primary stimuli are designed as squares in the blue-green color with the values of 55% RTV and 65% RTV, while the secondary stimuli are designed as backgrounds in the purple color and their variations are made in the values of 25% RTV, 50 % RTV, 75% RTV and 100% RTV that surrounds the primary stimuli. Ten respondents of both sexes participated in the research. They had the task to match on a computer screen through the binocular harmonization technique the test primary stimuli with the referential stimuli, so that the test primary stimuli are perceived the same or equal to the referential primary stimuli. The intensity of the effect was determined and presented in the CIEDE00 system. The results of the research show that the intensity of the effect was more pronounced on the test primary stimuli of 65% RTV, where the deviations in the perception of color were more pronounced. The smallest deviation was measured on the primary stimulus of 55% RTV with the background of 75% RTV, which is also a recommendation to the designers when creating a conceptual solution with the combination of pairs presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"28 1","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-05DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.142
Silvija Gašparić, G. Petković, Suzana Pasanec Preprotić
Marketing is an inevitable part of today's modern lifestyle. The role that marketing plays is so big that it has become the most important part of business. Due to crisis that is still affecting publishers in Croatia, this paper emphasizes the power of advertising as a key ingredient in how to overcome this situation and upgrade the system of publishing in Croatia. The framework of the paper is based on marketing as a tool that leads to popularization of books and sales increase. Beside the experimental part which gives an insight into public's opinion about books, publishing and marketing, the first chapter gives the literature review and analysis conducted on the whole process of book publishing in Croatia with pointing out mistakes that Croatian publishers make. Also, benefits of foreign publishing will be mentioned and used for comparison and projection on to the problems of the native market. The aim of this analysis and this viewpoint paper is to contribute the comprehension of marketing strategies and activities and its use and gains in Croatian publishing.
{"title":"Critical analysis of marketing in Croatian publishing","authors":"Silvija Gašparić, G. Petković, Suzana Pasanec Preprotić","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.142","url":null,"abstract":"Marketing is an inevitable part of today's modern lifestyle. The role that marketing plays is so big that it has become the most important part of business. Due to crisis that is still affecting publishers in Croatia, this paper emphasizes the power of advertising as a key ingredient in how to overcome this situation and upgrade the system of publishing in Croatia. The framework of the paper is based on marketing as a tool that leads to popularization of books and sales increase. Beside the experimental part which gives an insight into public's opinion about books, publishing and marketing, the first chapter gives the literature review and analysis conducted on the whole process of book publishing in Croatia with pointing out mistakes that Croatian publishers make. Also, benefits of foreign publishing will be mentioned and used for comparison and projection on to the problems of the native market. The aim of this analysis and this viewpoint paper is to contribute the comprehension of marketing strategies and activities and its use and gains in Croatian publishing.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"28 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I3.142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44246076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-30DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I2.133
T. Skala, Vladimir Cviljušac, K. Mustač
As both hardware and software have become increasingly available and constantly developed, they globally contribute to improvements in technology in every field of technology and arts. Digital tools for creation and processing of graphical contents are very developed and they have been designed to shorten the time required for content creation, which is, in this case, animation. Since contemporary animation has experienced a surge in various visual styles and visualization methods, programming is built-in in everything that is currently in use. There is no doubt that there is a variety of algorithms and software which are the brain and the moving force behind any idea created for a specific purpose and applicability in society. Art and technology combined make a direct and oriented medium for publishing and marketing in every industry, including those which are not necessarily closely related to those that rely heavily on visual aspect of work. Additionally, quality and consistency of an algorithm will also depend on proper integration into the system that will be powered by that algorithm as well as on the way the algorithm is designed. Development of an endless algorithm and its effective use will be shown during the use of the computer game. In order to present the effect of various parameters, in the final phase of the computer game development an endless algorithm was tested with varying number of key input parameters (achieved time, score reached, pace of the game).
{"title":"Development of algorithm for continuous generation of a computer game in terms of usability and optimization of developed code in computer science","authors":"T. Skala, Vladimir Cviljušac, K. Mustač","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I2.133","url":null,"abstract":"As both hardware and software have become increasingly available and constantly developed, they globally contribute to improvements in technology in every field of technology and arts. Digital tools for creation and processing of graphical contents are very developed and they have been designed to shorten the time required for content creation, which is, in this case, animation. Since contemporary animation has experienced a surge in various visual styles and visualization methods, programming is built-in in everything that is currently in use. There is no doubt that there is a variety of algorithms and software which are the brain and the moving force behind any idea created for a specific purpose and applicability in society. Art and technology combined make a direct and oriented medium for publishing and marketing in every industry, including those which are not necessarily closely related to those that rely heavily on visual aspect of work. Additionally, quality and consistency of an algorithm will also depend on proper integration into the system that will be powered by that algorithm as well as on the way the algorithm is designed. Development of an endless algorithm and its effective use will be shown during the use of the computer game. In order to present the effect of various parameters, in the final phase of the computer game development an endless algorithm was tested with varying number of key input parameters (achieved time, score reached, pace of the game).","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"28 1","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I2.133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Brozović, Bruno Bucić, D. Čikara, Antonija Lasić, Dorotea Kovačević, Josip Bota
The most important role of packaging is protecting a product, but also stimulating purchasing decision. Products on store shelfs can often be found packaged in different materials, even when they are of the same net weight. This study investigated how different packaging materials affect purchasing decision. The aim was to evaluate the user’s tendency towards a particular packaging material in relation to its functionality and environmental protection. Test samples were three common powder products: instant coffee, cocoa and sugar. Respondents’ task was to select one of the following packaging materials: glass, tin and composite material for coffee; rigid and flexible plastics for cocoa and sugar. The results showed that the user’s tendency towards packaging material is influenced by packaging functionality. In addition, technical (protection, recyclability) and ergonomic (presence of the lid, easy to dose and reusability) attributes have found to be essential criteria for the choice of packaging. Furthermore, this study showed that customers are ecologically aware since they tend to re-use the packaging, thus enhancing environmental care.
{"title":"The users’ tendency to different packaging materials regarding to the type of product","authors":"M. Brozović, Bruno Bucić, D. Čikara, Antonija Lasić, Dorotea Kovačević, Josip Bota","doi":"10.25027/acta","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/acta","url":null,"abstract":"The most important role of packaging is protecting a product, but also stimulating purchasing decision. Products on store shelfs can often be found packaged in different materials, even when they are of the same net weight. This study investigated how different packaging materials affect purchasing decision. The aim was to evaluate the user’s tendency towards a particular packaging material in relation to its functionality and environmental protection. Test samples were three common powder products: instant coffee, cocoa and sugar. Respondents’ task was to select one of the following packaging materials: glass, tin and composite material for coffee; rigid and flexible plastics for cocoa and sugar. The results showed that the user’s tendency towards packaging material is influenced by packaging functionality. In addition, technical (protection, recyclability) and ergonomic (presence of the lid, easy to dose and reusability) attributes have found to be essential criteria for the choice of packaging. Furthermore, this study showed that customers are ecologically aware since they tend to re-use the packaging, thus enhancing environmental care.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"28 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43398529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-24DOI: 10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I1.122
Vanaja Selvaraj, Poonguzhali Srinivasan, J. Kumar, R. Krishnan, Karunakaran Annamalai
This paper presents a novel highly directive ultra-wide band antenna for using in microwave imaging systems. Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is incorporated in the top and side of the ground plane to enhance the bandwidth impedance matching. Subsequently, for the further improvement in the bandwidth, gain and directivity staircase slot and square slot is etched at the bottom and top edge of the square patch plane. The low-frequency performance of the proposed antenna can be achieved by adjusting the gap between the ground and patch plane. The proposed microstrip antenna is fabricated on a Flame Retardant (FR4) plate of laminate substrate with dielectric constant of 4.3. The result shows that a directivity of 2.2-8.4dBi is achieved across a bandwidth from 1.43-8.92GHz. Furthermore, gain, directivity, radiation pattern characteristic and reflection coefficient have also been analyzed at the different resonant frequency.
{"title":"Highly Directional Microstrip Ultra Wide Band Antenna for Microwave Imaging System","authors":"Vanaja Selvaraj, Poonguzhali Srinivasan, J. Kumar, R. Krishnan, Karunakaran Annamalai","doi":"10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I1.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I1.122","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel highly directive ultra-wide band antenna for using in microwave imaging systems. Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is incorporated in the top and side of the ground plane to enhance the bandwidth impedance matching. Subsequently, for the further improvement in the bandwidth, gain and directivity staircase slot and square slot is etched at the bottom and top edge of the square patch plane. The low-frequency performance of the proposed antenna can be achieved by adjusting the gap between the ground and patch plane. The proposed microstrip antenna is fabricated on a Flame Retardant (FR4) plate of laminate substrate with dielectric constant of 4.3. The result shows that a directivity of 2.2-8.4dBi is achieved across a bandwidth from 1.43-8.92GHz. Furthermore, gain, directivity, radiation pattern characteristic and reflection coefficient have also been analyzed at the different resonant frequency.","PeriodicalId":53261,"journal":{"name":"Acta Graphica","volume":"28 1","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.25027/AGJ2017.28.V28I1.122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48166850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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