{"title":"The influence of rain temopration on the results of rainfall-runoff model","authors":"Radosław Stodolak, Jeremi Baran, E. Knap","doi":"10.12912/23920629/95271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/95271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66193891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pietrzak, Ludmiła Rossa, T. Marcinkowski, Łukasz Wojcieszak
Shallow groundwater is particularly susceptible to contamination by nitrates from agricultural sources. The paper attempts to recognize the direction of spatial and temporal changes in the concentration of nitrates in shallow groundwater, lying under a layer of sandy soil, in the place of a temporary manure storage place and in its immediate vicinity. The study was conducted in the years 2009–2015 on farm focused on milk production, located in the north-western part of the central basin of Biebrza, in Podlaskie voivodeship . The research stand was located at the edge of the field where maize was grown every year and where manure was periodically stored at the turn of 2010/2011 and 2014/2015. Groundwater samples were collected using 7 control and measurement wells, on a monthly basis, 4-8 times a year. The obtained results of nitrates content were subjected to statistical analysis using the analysis of variance with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The analysis of correlation of nitrate nitrogen concentration in water from various research points and analysis of its regression in subsequent years of research was also performed. The average annual concentration of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater samples collected from individual wells was in the wide range from 1.1 to 101.8 mg N-NO3∙dm -3. In the vast majority Inżynieria Ekologiczna Ecological Engineering Volume 19, Issue 5, October 2018, pages 75–82 https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/95272 Received: 2018.08.16 Accepted: 2018.09.12 Published: 2018.10.01
{"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of nitrates concentration in shallow groundwater at the field location of the manure heap","authors":"S. Pietrzak, Ludmiła Rossa, T. Marcinkowski, Łukasz Wojcieszak","doi":"10.12912/23920629/95272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/95272","url":null,"abstract":"Shallow groundwater is particularly susceptible to contamination by nitrates from agricultural sources. The paper attempts to recognize the direction of spatial and temporal changes in the concentration of nitrates in shallow groundwater, lying under a layer of sandy soil, in the place of a temporary manure storage place and in its immediate vicinity. The study was conducted in the years 2009–2015 on farm focused on milk production, located in the north-western part of the central basin of Biebrza, in Podlaskie voivodeship . The research stand was located at the edge of the field where maize was grown every year and where manure was periodically stored at the turn of 2010/2011 and 2014/2015. Groundwater samples were collected using 7 control and measurement wells, on a monthly basis, 4-8 times a year. The obtained results of nitrates content were subjected to statistical analysis using the analysis of variance with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The analysis of correlation of nitrate nitrogen concentration in water from various research points and analysis of its regression in subsequent years of research was also performed. The average annual concentration of nitrate nitrogen in groundwater samples collected from individual wells was in the wide range from 1.1 to 101.8 mg N-NO3∙dm -3. In the vast majority Inżynieria Ekologiczna Ecological Engineering Volume 19, Issue 5, October 2018, pages 75–82 https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/95272 Received: 2018.08.16 Accepted: 2018.09.12 Published: 2018.10.01","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49558761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the work was to determine the possibility of applying a magnetic field for the conditioning of sewage sludge previously prepared by a dual chemical method. The sludge were conditioning with using PIX 113 iron coagulant and Superfloc C 494 weak cationic polyelectrolyte. To determine the effect of the magnetic field on the parameters of sediments, the tests were carried out in several combinations, differing in the way of conditioning, flow direction and rate of sample flow through the solenoid. To determine the changes of susceptibility to dewatering, the capillary suction time test and specific resistance to filtration were used.. Then rheological properties were analyzed: flow curves and the Ostwald model. The last element of the research was to determine the quality of lechates. For this purpose, the content of ammonium nitrogen and total organic carbon was used. The results shows, that the influence of the magnetic field on sludge susceptibility to dewatering and their rheological parameters is variable, depending on factors such as the direction and speed of the flow through the coil. The sludge subjected to exposure to the magnetic field in the N-S direction, at the flow rate of 1.0 dm3/min were characterized by lowest values of the specific resistance to filtration and the capillary suction time. Analysis of rheological properties has shown that the samples conditioned in this way are characterized by the smallest values of tangential stresses and the highest viscosity. The sludge exposure to the magnetic field influenced the reduction of impurities in the lechates.
{"title":"Conditioning of the sewage sludge with using the chemical method and the magnetic field","authors":"K. Hrut","doi":"10.12912/23920629/94370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/94370","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work was to determine the possibility of applying a magnetic field for the conditioning of sewage sludge previously prepared by a dual chemical method. The sludge were conditioning with using PIX 113 iron coagulant and Superfloc C 494 weak cationic polyelectrolyte. To determine the effect of the magnetic field on the parameters of sediments, the tests were carried out in several combinations, differing in the way of conditioning, flow direction and rate of sample flow through the solenoid. To determine the changes of susceptibility to dewatering, the capillary suction time test and specific resistance to filtration were used.. Then rheological properties were analyzed: flow curves and the Ostwald model. The last element of the research was to determine the quality of lechates. For this purpose, the content of ammonium nitrogen and total organic carbon was used. The results shows, that the influence of the magnetic field on sludge susceptibility to dewatering and their rheological parameters is variable, depending on factors such as the direction and speed of the flow through the coil. The sludge subjected to exposure to the magnetic field in the N-S direction, at the flow rate of 1.0 dm3/min were characterized by lowest values of the specific resistance to filtration and the capillary suction time. Analysis of rheological properties has shown that the samples conditioned in this way are characterized by the smallest values of tangential stresses and the highest viscosity. The sludge exposure to the magnetic field influenced the reduction of impurities in the lechates.","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66193440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper contains an analysis of current knowledge about the reuse of rubber waste, especially post-consumer car tires, including waste management, recycling methods and practical applications of this material. The methods of reducing the amount of polymer waste are described, the materials and chemical constituents constituting the building blocks of the tires are discussed and the available methods of producing rubber recyclates are presented. In addition, the types of rubber waste after fragmentation were classified and examples of their use in industry were presented.
{"title":"Practice use of rubber recyclates, as a way to protect the environment","authors":"S. Białasz","doi":"10.12912/23920629/94958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/94958","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains an analysis of current knowledge about the reuse of rubber waste, especially post-consumer car tires, including waste management, recycling methods and practical applications of this material. The methods of reducing the amount of polymer waste are described, the materials and chemical constituents constituting the building blocks of the tires are discussed and the available methods of producing rubber recyclates are presented. In addition, the types of rubber waste after fragmentation were classified and examples of their use in industry were presented.","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66193851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
STRESZCZENIE Usługi ekosystemowe zostały wskazane jako instrument wspierający ocenę efektów działań gmin na rzecz ochrony środowiska. W analizie wykorzystano matrycę usług ekosystemowych, pozwalającą na ocenę działań w trzech wybranych gminach w zakresie gospodarki wodnej wg stanu przed wykonaniem rekomendowanego przez Programy Ochrony Środowiska zadania, po jego wykonaniu oraz wg korzyści końcowej dla danego typu usługi. Otrzymano dodatkową informację o trendach świadczonych usług środowiskowych. Analiza zmian usług ekosystemowych stanowi kompleksowe podejście, które może zapobiec działaniom naruszającym bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne. Wielopoziomowa edukacja uświadamiająca ekonomiczne i społeczne znaczenie zmian w zaopatrzeniu w usługi środowiskowe jest niezbędna.
{"title":"Analysis of ecosystem services as a tool in the development of local environmental protection programs","authors":"E. Hewelke, Ewelina Wiśniewska","doi":"10.12912/23920629/96220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/96220","url":null,"abstract":"STRESZCZENIE Usługi ekosystemowe zostały wskazane jako instrument wspierający ocenę efektów działań gmin na rzecz ochrony środowiska. W analizie wykorzystano matrycę usług ekosystemowych, pozwalającą na ocenę działań w trzech wybranych gminach w zakresie gospodarki wodnej wg stanu przed wykonaniem rekomendowanego przez Programy Ochrony Środowiska zadania, po jego wykonaniu oraz wg korzyści końcowej dla danego typu usługi. Otrzymano dodatkową informację o trendach świadczonych usług środowiskowych. Analiza zmian usług ekosystemowych stanowi kompleksowe podejście, które może zapobiec działaniom naruszającym bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne. Wielopoziomowa edukacja uświadamiająca ekonomiczne i społeczne znaczenie zmian w zaopatrzeniu w usługi środowiskowe jest niezbędna.","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66194195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to assess a trophic state of water in Siemiatycze dam reservoir. This object is located in Podlaskie voivodship in the municipality Siemiatycze. Studies were carried out systematically once pursued in seven measurement-control points in 2014 year. The selection and placement of points in a longitudinal section of the reservoir was based on the need to capture the changes occurring in the studied indicators. In the researches there were used available in literature Trophic State Index, based on made measurement of the concentration of chlorophyll “a”, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Research results clearly show that concentration of total phosphorus and TSI (TP) index had greatest impact on a trophic state of water in Siemiatycze reservoir, which allowed to classify water to hypertrophy. The values of all calculated Indexes point to the fertility of the water in the studied reservoir. Any actions in order to protection should be taken, first of all by the reducing the impact of point sources’ pollution from wastewater treatment plants and tourist objects.
{"title":"Evaluation of the trophic status of the Siemiatycze reservoir water in terms of protecting utility values","authors":"E. Szatyłowicz, Anna Siemieinuk","doi":"10.12912/23920629/94956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/94956","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess a trophic state of water in Siemiatycze dam reservoir. This object is located in Podlaskie voivodship in the municipality Siemiatycze. Studies were carried out systematically once pursued in seven measurement-control points in 2014 year. The selection and placement of points in a longitudinal section of the reservoir was based on the need to capture the changes occurring in the studied indicators. In the researches there were used available in literature Trophic State Index, based on made measurement of the concentration of chlorophyll “a”, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Research results clearly show that concentration of total phosphorus and TSI (TP) index had greatest impact on a trophic state of water in Siemiatycze reservoir, which allowed to classify water to hypertrophy. The values of all calculated Indexes point to the fertility of the water in the studied reservoir. Any actions in order to protection should be taken, first of all by the reducing the impact of point sources’ pollution from wastewater treatment plants and tourist objects.","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66194118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magda Szmigielska, M. Wróbel, Agnieszka Stojanowska, J. Rybak
The quality of three water bodies: Czysty Potok, Mąkolnica and Trujący Potok was assessed in the commune Złoty Stok, which was contaminated with arsenic in the past, derived from the activity of an ancient gold mine, and caused illnesses of commune residents. In our studies, the arsenic concentrations slightly exceeded the norm values only in Trujący Potok, in the rest of the studied waters the arsenic content was very low. However, the results of biological studies based on macroinvertebrates suggest the significant influence of all examined sites on the water biocoenosis, since all waters were classified as low quality, based on the Margalef biodiversity index. The biotic index BMWP-PL which does not take the number of specimens into consideration, and because of that is less accurate, classified the waters of Trujący Potok as low ecological quality, but two remaining waters Czysty Potok and Mąkolnica were recognized as moderate waters. To summarize, the applied indices enable to determine the ecological state of waters, and hence to assess the impact of pollutants on the water biocoenosis. The presence of the arsenic was not the only factor affecting the poor quality of all waters; the human activity in this area also contributed significantly to the inferior condition of environment.
对cysy Potok, Mąkolnica和Trujący Potok三个水体的水质进行了评估，这些水体在过去被砷污染的公社Złoty Stok，来自一个古老的金矿活动，并造成了公社居民的疾病。在我们的研究中，只有Trujący Potok水域的砷含量略高于正常值，其余水域的砷含量都很低。然而，基于大型无脊椎动物的生物学研究结果表明，所有被检查的地点对水体生物群落都有重大影响，因为根据Margalef生物多样性指数，所有水域都被列为低质量。生物指数BMWP-PL没有考虑标本数量，因此准确性较低，将Trujący Potok水域划分为低生态质量水域，而其余两个水域cysy Potok和Mąkolnica被认为是中等生态质量水域。总而言之，应用的指数能够确定水体的生态状态，从而评估污染物对水体生物群落的影响。砷的存在并不是影响所有水质差的唯一因素;人类活动对该地区的恶劣环境状况也有重要影响。
{"title":"The assessment of water quality contaminated with arsenic based on macroinvertebrates (Złoty Stok, Lower Silesia)","authors":"Magda Szmigielska, M. Wróbel, Agnieszka Stojanowska, J. Rybak","doi":"10.12912/23920629/93484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/93484","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of three water bodies: Czysty Potok, Mąkolnica and Trujący Potok was assessed in the commune Złoty Stok, which was contaminated with arsenic in the past, derived from the activity of an ancient gold mine, and caused illnesses of commune residents. In our studies, the arsenic concentrations slightly exceeded the norm values only in Trujący Potok, in the rest of the studied waters the arsenic content was very low. However, the results of biological studies based on macroinvertebrates suggest the significant influence of all examined sites on the water biocoenosis, since all waters were classified as low quality, based on the Margalef biodiversity index. The biotic index BMWP-PL which does not take the number of specimens into consideration, and because of that is less accurate, classified the waters of Trujący Potok as low ecological quality, but two remaining waters Czysty Potok and Mąkolnica were recognized as moderate waters. To summarize, the applied indices enable to determine the ecological state of waters, and hence to assess the impact of pollutants on the water biocoenosis. The presence of the arsenic was not the only factor affecting the poor quality of all waters; the human activity in this area also contributed significantly to the inferior condition of environment.","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66193233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicity of moulders of felt liners impregnated with resins. After the mounting of the liners in sewerage, the explorer has revealed a decrease in the efficiency of treatment in biological units. The putative cause of this phenomenon might have been an increase in the toxicity of the sewage flowing through the pipes with resin impregnated liners. In order to confirm this thesis, the moulders of the liners were taken to the laboratory to investigate their acute toxicity by a Microtox assay. Two types of liners – impregnated with styrene resin and impregnated with styrene-free resin – were tested. Both moulders were incubated in different media (raw wastewaters, synthetic wastewaters, and distilled water) and under several incubation conditions. The obtained extracts were subjected to Microtox 81.9% Screening Test. The chosen, questionable in the terms of screening results, sample was further subjected to 81.9% Basic Test. The obtained results clearly indicate that the ecotoxicity of the moulders of liners impregnated with styrene-free resin is the issue of concern. The results are surprising, as the substitution of styrene by other components in curable resins is aimed at improving their toxicity properties. However, the styrene-free resin revealed to be responsible for an increase in the sewage toxicity. These results prompt undertaking the ecotoxicity monitoring of materials used in sewerage renovations – not only for the environment protection, but also for the prevention of possible problems in wastewater treatment plants exploitation.
{"title":"Ecotoxicity of liners impregnated with resisns – a Microtox bioassay","authors":"A. Siedlecka, M. Wolf, Agnieszka Trusz","doi":"10.12912/23920629/93485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/93485","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicity of moulders of felt liners impregnated with resins. After the mounting of the liners in sewerage, the explorer has revealed a decrease in the efficiency of treatment in biological units. The putative cause of this phenomenon might have been an increase in the toxicity of the sewage flowing through the pipes with resin impregnated liners. In order to confirm this thesis, the moulders of the liners were taken to the laboratory to investigate their acute toxicity by a Microtox assay. Two types of liners – impregnated with styrene resin and impregnated with styrene-free resin – were tested. Both moulders were incubated in different media (raw wastewaters, synthetic wastewaters, and distilled water) and under several incubation conditions. The obtained extracts were subjected to Microtox 81.9% Screening Test. The chosen, questionable in the terms of screening results, sample was further subjected to 81.9% Basic Test. The obtained results clearly indicate that the ecotoxicity of the moulders of liners impregnated with styrene-free resin is the issue of concern. The results are surprising, as the substitution of styrene by other components in curable resins is aimed at improving their toxicity properties. However, the styrene-free resin revealed to be responsible for an increase in the sewage toxicity. These results prompt undertaking the ecotoxicity monitoring of materials used in sewerage renovations – not only for the environment protection, but also for the prevention of possible problems in wastewater treatment plants exploitation.","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66193241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exposure of Zabrze residents to heavy metals emitted from post-industrial waste heaps","authors":"A. Piekut, Lucyna Krzysztofik, Klaudia Gut","doi":"10.12912/23920629/93487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12912/23920629/93487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53324,"journal":{"name":"Inzynieria Ekologiczna","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66193285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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