Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10719
M. Afrash, H. Kazemi-Arpanahi, Raoof Nopour, Elmira Sadat Tabatabaei, M. Shanbehzadeh
Introduction: Predicting acute respiratory insufficiency due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can diminish the severe complications and mortality associated with the disease. This study aimed to develop an intelligent system based on machine learning (ML) models for frontline clinicians to effectively triage high-risk patients and prioritize who needs mechanical intubation (MI). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective-design study, the data regarding 482 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from February 9, 2020, to July 20, 2021, was analyzed by six ML classifiers. The most critical clinical variables were identified by a minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance (mRMR) feature selection technique. In the next step, the models' performance was assessed using confusion matrix criteria and, finally, the best model was adopted. Results: Proposed models were implemented using 23 confirmed variables. Results of comparing six selected ML algorithms indicated the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier with 84.7% accuracy, 76.5 % specificity, 90.7% sensitivity, 85.1% f-measure, 87.4% Kappa statistic, and 85.3% for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) had the best performance in the intubation prediction. Conclusion: It is found that ML enables a satisfactory accuracy level in calculating intubation risk in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, using the ML-based intelligent models, notably the XGBoost algorithm, actually enables recognizing high-risk cases and advising correct therapeutic and supportive care by the clinicians.
{"title":"Proposing an Intelligent Monitoring System for Early Prediction of Need for Intubation among COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients","authors":"M. Afrash, H. Kazemi-Arpanahi, Raoof Nopour, Elmira Sadat Tabatabaei, M. Shanbehzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10719","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Predicting acute respiratory insufficiency due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can diminish the severe complications and mortality associated with the disease. This study aimed to develop an intelligent system based on machine learning (ML) models for frontline clinicians to effectively triage high-risk patients and prioritize who needs mechanical intubation (MI). \u0000Materials and Methods: In this retrospective-design study, the data regarding 482 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from February 9, 2020, to July 20, 2021, was analyzed by six ML classifiers. The most critical clinical variables were identified by a minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance (mRMR) feature selection technique. In the next step, the models' performance was assessed using confusion matrix criteria and, finally, the best model was adopted. \u0000Results: Proposed models were implemented using 23 confirmed variables. Results of comparing six selected ML algorithms indicated the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier with 84.7% accuracy, 76.5 % specificity, 90.7% sensitivity, 85.1% f-measure, 87.4% Kappa statistic, and 85.3% for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) had the best performance in the intubation prediction. \u0000Conclusion: It is found that ML enables a satisfactory accuracy level in calculating intubation risk in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, using the ML-based intelligent models, notably the XGBoost algorithm, actually enables recognizing high-risk cases and advising correct therapeutic and supportive care by the clinicians.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":"584 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41278552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10724
Samaneh Mehraban Navaz Kohan, G. Mostafaii, H. Akbari, M. Miranzadeh
Introduction: According to high volumes of water used in hemodialysis, quality of water entering the dialysis machine is very important. The current study aims to analyze microbial and chemical quality of water used for hemodialysis in hospitals of Kashan city in 2019. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 54 water samples used in dialysis machines in hospitals of Kashan city during 3 months of the fall season in 2019. Microbial tests of the samples were done, and also heavy metals were assessed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Statistical tests, sample t-test, and ANOVA were used to compare the mean results with standards. Results: Based on the results, the mean concentrations of magnesium (Mg) (2.7 ± 2.22 mg/L), sulfate (13.09 ± 21.06 mg/L), sodium (Na) (17.27 ± 24.47 mg/L), and potassium (K) (0.09 ± 0.17 mg/L) in all samples were based on the standard levels. However, the mean concentrations of nitrate (3.22 ± 1.21 mg/L), aluminum (Al) (0.26 ± 0.16 mg/L), silver (Ag) (0.52 ± 0.85 mg/L), lead (Pb) (0.08 ± 0.13 mg/L), and zinc (Zn) (0.91 ± 0.71 mg/L) were above standard levels in all the samples. Thallium (Tl) ion was reported to be zero. Moreover, heterotrophic bacteria were not observed in any of the samples. Conclusion: Given the high concentration of chemicals and heavy metals in dialysis machines water input, it is necessary to plan for periodic monitoring of water treatment systems and heavy metals and regular replacement of reverse osmosis filters.
{"title":"Analyzing the Quality of Dialysis Machines Input Water in Hospitals of Kashan City, in 2019","authors":"Samaneh Mehraban Navaz Kohan, G. Mostafaii, H. Akbari, M. Miranzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10724","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: According to high volumes of water used in hemodialysis, quality of water entering the dialysis machine is very important. The current study aims to analyze microbial and chemical quality of water used for hemodialysis in hospitals of Kashan city in 2019. \u0000Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 54 water samples used in dialysis machines in hospitals of Kashan city during 3 months of the fall season in 2019. Microbial tests of the samples were done, and also heavy metals were assessed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Statistical tests, sample t-test, and ANOVA were used to compare the mean results with standards. \u0000Results: Based on the results, the mean concentrations of magnesium (Mg) (2.7 ± 2.22 mg/L), sulfate (13.09 ± 21.06 mg/L), sodium (Na) (17.27 ± 24.47 mg/L), and potassium (K) (0.09 ± 0.17 mg/L) in all samples were based on the standard levels. However, the mean concentrations of nitrate (3.22 ± 1.21 mg/L), aluminum (Al) (0.26 ± 0.16 mg/L), silver (Ag) (0.52 ± 0.85 mg/L), lead (Pb) (0.08 ± 0.13 mg/L), and zinc (Zn) (0.91 ± 0.71 mg/L) were above standard levels in all the samples. Thallium (Tl) ion was reported to be zero. Moreover, heterotrophic bacteria were not observed in any of the samples. \u0000Conclusion: Given the high concentration of chemicals and heavy metals in dialysis machines water input, it is necessary to plan for periodic monitoring of water treatment systems and heavy metals and regular replacement of reverse osmosis filters.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47377871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10720
R. Fallahzadeh, F. Omidi, Davoud Ghadirian, Marzieh Shukohifar, Mohammad Sadegh Eshaghpanah, Najmeh Soltani Gerdefaramarzi, Omolbanin Nateghi, Farnaz Istadeh
Introduction: SARS CoV-2 pandemic has caused illness and death in millions of people worldwide. Extensive studies are being conducted on the effect of meteorological parameters on the number of patients and clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Abarkouh city with a population of 51199 people during 215 days (from April 20, 2020 to November 20, 2020). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological parameters, such as temperature, humidity, sunshine hours, evaporation, and maximum wind speed on the number of cases with definite diagnosis of COVID-19. Moreover, symptoms in the infected patients were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient. Results: During the 215 days of the study, a total of 2526 symptoms were diagnosed in 1298 outpatients. Among which, fever and body aches were the most common symptoms in the subjects. The results of examining the relationship between meteorological parameters and the prevalence of symptoms showed that there was a negative correlation between the minimum and maximum temperature, sunshine hours, evaporation, and wind speed with the number of cases and the prevalence of symptoms. The results of regression coefficient also showed that among the meteorological parameters, the minimum temperature variable had the most negative effect on the prevalence of symptoms as well as the number of cases. Conclusion: The results showed that changing the meteorological parameters in cold weather can increase both the number of patients and clinical symptoms of outpatients with COVID-19.
{"title":"Investigating the Relation between Meteorological Parameters and the Number of Patients and Clinical Symptoms of Outpatients with COVID-19: A Case Study in Abarkouh, Iran","authors":"R. Fallahzadeh, F. Omidi, Davoud Ghadirian, Marzieh Shukohifar, Mohammad Sadegh Eshaghpanah, Najmeh Soltani Gerdefaramarzi, Omolbanin Nateghi, Farnaz Istadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10720","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: SARS CoV-2 pandemic has caused illness and death in millions of people worldwide. Extensive studies are being conducted on the effect of meteorological parameters on the number of patients and clinical symptoms of COVID-19. \u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Abarkouh city with a population of 51199 people during 215 days (from April 20, 2020 to November 20, 2020). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological parameters, such as temperature, humidity, sunshine hours, evaporation, and maximum wind speed on the number of cases with definite diagnosis of COVID-19. Moreover, symptoms in the infected patients were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient. \u0000Results: During the 215 days of the study, a total of 2526 symptoms were diagnosed in 1298 outpatients. Among which, fever and body aches were the most common symptoms in the subjects. The results of examining the relationship between meteorological parameters and the prevalence of symptoms showed that there was a negative correlation between the minimum and maximum temperature, sunshine hours, evaporation, and wind speed with the number of cases and the prevalence of symptoms. The results of regression coefficient also showed that among the meteorological parameters, the minimum temperature variable had the most negative effect on the prevalence of symptoms as well as the number of cases. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed that changing the meteorological parameters in cold weather can increase both the number of patients and clinical symptoms of outpatients with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49591942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9790
M. Dolatabadi, A. Ghorbanian, Saeid Ahmadzadeh
Introduction: Perchloroethylene (PCE) is one of the most well-known chlorinated organic compounds recently detected in aqueous environments. The presence of PCE in aquatic ecosystems has caused many health problems and environmental challenges. Therefore, its removal and treatment from aqueous environments are essential. Materials and Methods: The electro-Fenton (EF) process was carried out in a cylindrical reactor containing 250 mL contaminated water with PCE. The effects of parameters, including solution pH (3-12), current density (2-10 mA cm-2), H2O2 concentration (20-70 µL H2O2 per 250 mL sample.), PCE concentration (5-50 mg L-1), and electrolysis time (1-15 min) on PCE degradation were investigated. The kinetics and radical’s scavenger of the EF process were examined to detect the exact mechanism of PCE degradation. Results: The degradation of the PCE of 98.1% was obtained in the optimum condition, including solution pH of 5, the current density of 8 mA cm-2, H2O2 concentration of 50 µL per 250 mL sample, PCE concentration of 15 mg L-1, and electrolysis time of 10 min. The kinetics studies of the EF process indicated that the obtained results were in satisfactory agreement with the first-order model (R2 = 0.9858, Kapp = 0.2822). Also, the addition of ethanol and tertiary butanol caused an inhibiting effect. Conclusion: The EF process was effectively applied to degrade PCE from polluted water as an efficient technique. The obtained results indicated that the generation of •OH throughout the EF process was the key mechanism that controlled the EF process.
简介：过氯乙烯（PCE）是最近在水环境中检测到的最著名的氯化有机化合物之一。PCE在水生生态系统中的存在造成了许多健康问题和环境挑战。因此，从水环境中去除和处理它是至关重要的。材料和方法：电芬顿（EF）工艺在装有250mL PCE污染水的圆柱形反应器中进行。研究了溶液pH（3-12）、电流密度（2-10 mA cm-2）、H2O2浓度（每250 mL样品20-70µL H2O2）、PCE浓度（5-50 mg L-1）和电解时间（1-15分钟）等参数对PCE降解的影响。考察了EF过程的动力学和自由基清除剂，以检测PCE降解的确切机制。结果：在最佳条件下，溶液pH为5，电流密度为8mA cm-2，H2O2浓度为50µL/250mL，PCE浓度为15mg L-1，电解时间为10min，PCE的降解率为98.1%。EF过程的动力学研究表明，所得结果与一阶模型一致（R2=0.9858，Kapp=0.2822）。此外，乙醇和叔丁醇的加入也产生了抑制作用。结论：EF工艺是一种有效的污水PCE降解工艺。所得结果表明，在整个EF过程中，•OH的产生是控制EF过程的关键机制。
{"title":"Degradation of High-Concentration of Perchloroethylene from Aqueous Solution Using Electro-Fenton Process","authors":"M. Dolatabadi, A. Ghorbanian, Saeid Ahmadzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9790","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Perchloroethylene (PCE) is one of the most well-known chlorinated organic compounds recently detected in aqueous environments. The presence of PCE in aquatic ecosystems has caused many health problems and environmental challenges. Therefore, its removal and treatment from aqueous environments are essential. \u0000Materials and Methods: The electro-Fenton (EF) process was carried out in a cylindrical reactor containing 250 mL contaminated water with PCE. The effects of parameters, including solution pH (3-12), current density (2-10 mA cm-2), H2O2 concentration (20-70 µL H2O2 per 250 mL sample.), PCE concentration (5-50 mg L-1), and electrolysis time (1-15 min) on PCE degradation were investigated. The kinetics and radical’s scavenger of the EF process were examined to detect the exact mechanism of PCE degradation. \u0000Results: The degradation of the PCE of 98.1% was obtained in the optimum condition, including solution pH of 5, the current density of 8 mA cm-2, H2O2 concentration of 50 µL per 250 mL sample, PCE concentration of 15 mg L-1, and electrolysis time of 10 min. The kinetics studies of the EF process indicated that the obtained results were in satisfactory agreement with the first-order model (R2 = 0.9858, Kapp = 0.2822). Also, the addition of ethanol and tertiary butanol caused an inhibiting effect. \u0000Conclusion: The EF process was effectively applied to degrade PCE from polluted water as an efficient technique. The obtained results indicated that the generation of •OH throughout the EF process was the key mechanism that controlled the EF process.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41638617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9784
Zahra Safari, Reza Fouladi-Fard, M. Hosseini, Razieh Vahidmoghadam, M. Ferrante, Mostafa Rezaali, A. Omidi Oskouei, M. Fiore
Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the change of air pollutants in 2020 in Qom compared to the same period in 2019 in five scenarios. Materials and Methods: The hourly air quality data was obtained from air quality monitoring stations of Qom Environmental Protection Organization (EPO). The meteorological parameters were obtained from Iranian Meteorological Organization website. The data were analyzed using Excel, SPSS, and WRPLOT view. Results: In the first month of the COVID-19 crisis, NO2, SO2, and CO decreased by 26.4, 39, and 0.2 µg/m3 compared to same period in 2019, respectively; however, PM2.5 and O3 increased by 7.1 and 2.3 µg/m3, respectively. In Iranian Nowruz holidays, an increase of 2.9 µg/m3 in O3 mean concentration and a decrease of 8.1, 23.8, 22.8, and 0.2 µg/m3 in mean concentration of PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO were experienced. The prevailing wind direction during the 2020 in each scenario was from the west of Qom city. Conclusion: Gaseous pollutants decreased during the crisis, but particulate pollutants increased slightly compared to the same period in 2019. The lockdown may have had the most impact in decreasing pollutants. A slight increase in wind speed from the west could be a factor in increasing particles. This crisis provided an opportunity to assess the role of policies, such as traffic reduction plans or discarding worn-out cars or urban management to improve air quality.
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Air Pollutants, in 2020 Compared to the Same Period in 2019 in Qom, Iran","authors":"Zahra Safari, Reza Fouladi-Fard, M. Hosseini, Razieh Vahidmoghadam, M. Ferrante, Mostafa Rezaali, A. Omidi Oskouei, M. Fiore","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9784","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the change of air pollutants in 2020 in Qom compared to the same period in 2019 in five scenarios. \u0000Materials and Methods: The hourly air quality data was obtained from air quality monitoring stations of Qom Environmental Protection Organization (EPO). The meteorological parameters were obtained from Iranian Meteorological Organization website. The data were analyzed using Excel, SPSS, and WRPLOT view. \u0000Results: In the first month of the COVID-19 crisis, NO2, SO2, and CO decreased by 26.4, 39, and 0.2 µg/m3 compared to same period in 2019, respectively; however, PM2.5 and O3 increased by 7.1 and 2.3 µg/m3, respectively. In Iranian Nowruz holidays, an increase of 2.9 µg/m3 in O3 mean concentration and a decrease of 8.1, 23.8, 22.8, and 0.2 µg/m3 in mean concentration of PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO were experienced. The prevailing wind direction during the 2020 in each scenario was from the west of Qom city. \u0000Conclusion: Gaseous pollutants decreased during the crisis, but particulate pollutants increased slightly compared to the same period in 2019. The lockdown may have had the most impact in decreasing pollutants. A slight increase in wind speed from the west could be a factor in increasing particles. This crisis provided an opportunity to assess the role of policies, such as traffic reduction plans or discarding worn-out cars or urban management to improve air quality.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42175516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9791
Nasim Mostofi Sarkari, Y. Rasoulzadeh, S. Musavi, G. Moradi, P. Habibi
Introduction: Electrospun nanomembranes have been used for effective air filtration due to their potential for active surface modification. This study aims to synthesize polyurethane (PU) nanofiber membrane incorporated with different amounts of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to capture volatile organic compounds (VOCs) along with aerosol filtration from the air. Material and Methods: First, PU was synthesized by MDI method. A 10 wt% PU solution in DMF/MEK (1:1 wt) was prepared. Various amounts of β-CD powder (0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 wt% of PU) were dispersed in the prepared PU solution. Electrospining process was carried out under determined parameters (20 kV applied voltage, tip-to-collector distance of 10 cm, solution feed, and rate of 1 ml/h). The chemical structure and morphology of the produced samples were assessed by FTIR and SEM, respectively. Finally, air filtration and toluene adsorption of different electrospun membranes were measured. Results: The highest filtration performance was observed for PU with 1 wt% β-CD nanofiber. Due to increased efficiency (83.13%) and low-pressure drop (∆P = 19 pa), this sample had a considerable quality parameter. The results demonstrated that the membrane loaded with β-CD was able to adsorb hazardous and carcinogenic VOCs. It was confirmed that adding β-CD into PU improves the adsorption capacity due to forming a π complex and having a different tendency against capturing a variety of VOCs. Conclusion: The study results revealed that the PU nanofiber incorporated with β-CD, along with the ease of regeneration, can make them attractive for air filtration and VOCs adsorption.
{"title":"Electrospun Polyurethane/β-Cyclodextrin Composite Membranes for Aerosol Filtration and Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds from the Air","authors":"Nasim Mostofi Sarkari, Y. Rasoulzadeh, S. Musavi, G. Moradi, P. Habibi","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9791","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Electrospun nanomembranes have been used for effective air filtration due to their potential for active surface modification. This study aims to synthesize polyurethane (PU) nanofiber membrane incorporated with different amounts of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to capture volatile organic compounds (VOCs) along with aerosol filtration from the air. \u0000Material and Methods: First, PU was synthesized by MDI method. A 10 wt% PU solution in DMF/MEK (1:1 wt) was prepared. Various amounts of β-CD powder (0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 wt% of PU) were dispersed in the prepared PU solution. Electrospining process was carried out under determined parameters (20 kV applied voltage, tip-to-collector distance of 10 cm, solution feed, and rate of 1 ml/h). The chemical structure and morphology of the produced samples were assessed by FTIR and SEM, respectively. Finally, air filtration and toluene adsorption of different electrospun membranes were measured. \u0000Results: The highest filtration performance was observed for PU with 1 wt% β-CD nanofiber. Due to increased efficiency (83.13%) and low-pressure drop (∆P = 19 pa), this sample had a considerable quality parameter. The results demonstrated that the membrane loaded with β-CD was able to adsorb hazardous and carcinogenic VOCs. It was confirmed that adding β-CD into PU improves the adsorption capacity due to forming a π complex and having a different tendency against capturing a variety of VOCs. \u0000Conclusion: The study results revealed that the PU nanofiber incorporated with β-CD, along with the ease of regeneration, can make them attractive for air filtration and VOCs adsorption.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44882280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9786
H. Eslami, Fatemeh Ayeneh Heidari, Mahnaz Salari, Abbas Esmaeili, Abdolreza Nassab Hosseini, M. Dolatabadi
Introduction: Corrosion and scaling are important factors affecting drinking water quality, causing health and economic problems. This study aimed to investigate the indicators of corrosion and scaling in Rafsanjan drinking water. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in winter 2018 and spring 2019 in Rafsanjan. The 56 samples were randomly taken from the drinking water distribution and transmission networks. Physicochemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium hardness (CH), electrical conductivity (EC), and alkalinity were measured. Finally, corrosion and scaling indices, including langelier index (LI), ryznar index (RI), aggressiveness index (AI), and Puckorius index (PI) were calculated and analyzed. Results: The mean temperature, pH, CH, TH, TDS, alkalinity, and EC were 17.79 ± 0.80 °C, 8.08 ± 0.11, 56.34 ± 2.72 mg/L.CaCO3, 140.86 ± 6.81 mg/L.CaCO3, 530 ± 110 mg/L, 181.21 ± 13.65 mg/L, and 840 ± 180 µs/cm, respectively. The mean corrosion and scaling indices, including LI = 0.18 ± 0.12, RI = 7.72 ± 0.14, AI = 12.09 ± 0.11, and finally PI = 7.96 ± 0.10 were obtained. Conclusion: Based on the obtained data, drinking water in the transmission and distribution network of Rafsanjan has scaling properties. Water scaling and deposition causes problems, such as blockage of water transmission and distribution pipes, reduction of flow rate and increase of pressure drop in the network, and finally increase of water facilities operation costs. Therefore, measures should be considered to control the scaling of water in this region.
{"title":"Investigation of Corrosion and Scaling Potential in Drinking Water in Rafsanjan, Iran","authors":"H. Eslami, Fatemeh Ayeneh Heidari, Mahnaz Salari, Abbas Esmaeili, Abdolreza Nassab Hosseini, M. Dolatabadi","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9786","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Corrosion and scaling are important factors affecting drinking water quality, causing health and economic problems. This study aimed to investigate the indicators of corrosion and scaling in Rafsanjan drinking water. \u0000Materials and Methods: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in winter 2018 and spring 2019 in Rafsanjan. The 56 samples were randomly taken from the drinking water distribution and transmission networks. Physicochemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium hardness (CH), electrical conductivity (EC), and alkalinity were measured. Finally, corrosion and scaling indices, including langelier index (LI), ryznar index (RI), aggressiveness index (AI), and Puckorius index (PI) were calculated and analyzed. \u0000Results: The mean temperature, pH, CH, TH, TDS, alkalinity, and EC were 17.79 ± 0.80 °C, 8.08 ± 0.11, 56.34 ± 2.72 mg/L.CaCO3, 140.86 ± 6.81 mg/L.CaCO3, 530 ± 110 mg/L, 181.21 ± 13.65 mg/L, and 840 ± 180 µs/cm, respectively. The mean corrosion and scaling indices, including LI = 0.18 ± 0.12, RI = 7.72 ± 0.14, AI = 12.09 ± 0.11, and finally PI = 7.96 ± 0.10 were obtained. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the obtained data, drinking water in the transmission and distribution network of Rafsanjan has scaling properties. Water scaling and deposition causes problems, such as blockage of water transmission and distribution pipes, reduction of flow rate and increase of pressure drop in the network, and finally increase of water facilities operation costs. Therefore, measures should be considered to control the scaling of water in this region.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46497132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9788
H. Niknejad, A. Esrafili, M. Kermani, M. Farzadkia, Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar, Samira Mojerlou, Khadijeh Sajjadpour, Hassan Rasoulzadeh
Introduction: Nitrophenol compounds are toxic compounds found in industrial wastewaters. 2,4-dinitrophenol is the most dangerous compound among phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of 2,4-DNP from wastewater by microwaved dried sludge adsorbent. Materials and Methods: The results of 2,4-DNP removal were discontinuously obtained by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a wavelength of 360 nm with various effective factors, such as contact time, pH, initial concentration of 2,4-DNP, and microwaved sludge dose. Finally, the results were analyzed using the kinetics and isotherm models. The equilibrium time was obtained 120 min. The maximum removal rate was obtained at pH 7. Results: The findings indicated that the removal efficiency increased by increasing the adsorbent dose and decreasing the 2,4-DNP concentration. It was revealed that the removal of 2,4-DNP by microwaved sludge was 86%. The correlation coefficient value of linear and non-linear regression showed that kinetic studies follow the pseudo-second order model and isotherm studies follow the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption method relied entirely on pH and affected the adsorbent area attributes, ionization rate, and Delete percentage. When the pH was high, there was competition for the adsorption sites between hydroxide ions (OH) and 2,4-DNP molecules. At first, the adsorption process was high speed and gradually reached a stable level, because after a while, the adsorption sites become saturated. Conclusion: As the absorbent dose increases, the efficiency of the adsorption process increases, because larger amounts of adsorbent cause higher adsorption places.
{"title":"Evaluating the Efficiency of Microwaved Sludge in the Removal of 2, 4-Dinitrophenol from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies","authors":"H. Niknejad, A. Esrafili, M. Kermani, M. Farzadkia, Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar, Samira Mojerlou, Khadijeh Sajjadpour, Hassan Rasoulzadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9788","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nitrophenol compounds are toxic compounds found in industrial wastewaters. 2,4-dinitrophenol is the most dangerous compound among phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of 2,4-DNP from wastewater by microwaved dried sludge adsorbent. \u0000Materials and Methods: The results of 2,4-DNP removal were discontinuously obtained by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a wavelength of 360 nm with various effective factors, such as contact time, pH, initial concentration of 2,4-DNP, and microwaved sludge dose. Finally, the results were analyzed using the kinetics and isotherm models. The equilibrium time was obtained 120 min. The maximum removal rate was obtained at pH 7. \u0000Results: The findings indicated that the removal efficiency increased by increasing the adsorbent dose and decreasing the 2,4-DNP concentration. It was revealed that the removal of 2,4-DNP by microwaved sludge was 86%. The correlation coefficient value of linear and non-linear regression showed that kinetic studies follow the pseudo-second order model and isotherm studies follow the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption method relied entirely on pH and affected the adsorbent area attributes, ionization rate, and Delete percentage. When the pH was high, there was competition for the adsorption sites between hydroxide ions (OH) and 2,4-DNP molecules. At first, the adsorption process was high speed and gradually reached a stable level, because after a while, the adsorption sites become saturated. \u0000Conclusion: As the absorbent dose increases, the efficiency of the adsorption process increases, because larger amounts of adsorbent cause higher adsorption places.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46235637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9789
Maryam Karimzadeh, T. bagheri Lotfabad, A. Heydarinasab, S. Yaghmaei
Introduction: Biodegradation of azo dyes under harsh environmental conditions has been of great interest for the treatment of colored effluents. The present study aims to evaluate Klebsiella quasipneumoniae GT7 for degrading azo dye Carmoisine under extreme pH conditions and high salinity. Materials and Methods: The growth profiles of bacteria were compared under different conditions of salinity and pH, using the optical density and viability measurements. Kinetic patterns of decolourization by GT7 were investigated under different concentrations of NaCl and/or pH, through the spectrophotometry method. Moreover, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to evaluate the biotransformation of Carmoisine into aromatic amines. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to analyze any morphological changes in bacteria under stress conditions. Results: GT7 showed OD-based growth and sustainable viability under [NaCl] ≤ 15% and/or initial pH between 3-11. The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state explained the bacteria's survival under attenuated growth due to bacterial inefficiency to maintain cytoplasmic osmotic balance, vital turgor pressure, and pH homeostasis. Biodecolourization was accomplished during 48h, where Carmoisine was 50mg/l, [NaCl] ≤ 20%, and/or initial was pH 5-11. TLC, OD600nm and pH measurements as well as visual observation of bacterial pellets at the end of the decolourization confirmed biodegradation as the dominant mechanism, except for pH 3, where dye was removed via adsorption to the cell surface. SEM showed morphological alteration of GT7 from rod to coccoid shape as an approach to resist the harsh conditions ratio. Conclusion: GT7 is shown as an efficient strain for azo dye degradation in harsh environmental conditions.
{"title":"Biodecolourization of Azo Dye under Extreme Environmental Conditions via Klebsiella quasipneumoniae GT7: Mechanism and Efficiency","authors":"Maryam Karimzadeh, T. bagheri Lotfabad, A. Heydarinasab, S. Yaghmaei","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9789","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Biodegradation of azo dyes under harsh environmental conditions has been of great interest for the treatment of colored effluents. The present study aims to evaluate Klebsiella quasipneumoniae GT7 for degrading azo dye Carmoisine under extreme pH conditions and high salinity. \u0000Materials and Methods: The growth profiles of bacteria were compared under different conditions of salinity and pH, using the optical density and viability measurements. Kinetic patterns of decolourization by GT7 were investigated under different concentrations of NaCl and/or pH, through the spectrophotometry method. Moreover, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to evaluate the biotransformation of Carmoisine into aromatic amines. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to analyze any morphological changes in bacteria under stress conditions. \u0000Results: GT7 showed OD-based growth and sustainable viability under [NaCl] ≤ 15% and/or initial pH between 3-11. The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state explained the bacteria's survival under attenuated growth due to bacterial inefficiency to maintain cytoplasmic osmotic balance, vital turgor pressure, and pH homeostasis. Biodecolourization was accomplished during 48h, where Carmoisine was 50mg/l, [NaCl] ≤ 20%, and/or initial was pH 5-11. TLC, OD600nm and pH measurements as well as visual observation of bacterial pellets at the end of the decolourization confirmed biodegradation as the dominant mechanism, except for pH 3, where dye was removed via adsorption to the cell surface. SEM showed morphological alteration of GT7 from rod to coccoid shape as an approach to resist the harsh conditions ratio. \u0000Conclusion: GT7 is shown as an efficient strain for azo dye degradation in harsh environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43925750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9785
Sara Ebrahimzadeh Abarghoee, G. Halvani, F. Kargar-Shouroki, H. Mihanpour, F. Madadizadeh
Introduction: Exposure to the low frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is very common in workers occupied in the combined cycle power plant during work shifts The present study aimed to measure ELF-EMF flux density among shift and non-shift workers, determine job stress among workers and office workers, and identify major factors associated with job stress in the studied groups. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the exposed group was divided into 75 shift workers and 75 non-shift workers. Seventy-five office workers were selected as the reference group. The participants’ exposure to ELF-EMF was measured by the EMF-828 device. In addition, Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ stress levels. Results: Maximum levels of ELF-EMF among shift workers, non-shift workers, and office workers were 28.67 μT, 23.43 μT, and 0.06 μT, respectively. Although the explosion rate to ELF-EMF was higher in the shift and non-shift workers than the office one's, this rate in both of them were lower than the recommended limit as suggested by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The highest stress score was related to shift workers exposed to ELF-EMF, in which 42.7% of them experienced moderate to high levels of job stress. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a significant association between shift work and exposure to ELF-EMF with increased stress. Conclusion: The findings suggested that exposure to ELF-EMF, even at low intensities, is associated with increased stress. Moreover, Shift work is another risk factor for stress.
{"title":"Job Stress among Workers Exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields in a Combined Cycle Power Plant","authors":"Sara Ebrahimzadeh Abarghoee, G. Halvani, F. Kargar-Shouroki, H. Mihanpour, F. Madadizadeh","doi":"10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i2.9785","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Exposure to the low frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is very common in workers occupied in the combined cycle power plant during work shifts The present study aimed to measure ELF-EMF flux density among shift and non-shift workers, determine job stress among workers and office workers, and identify major factors associated with job stress in the studied groups. \u0000Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the exposed group was divided into 75 shift workers and 75 non-shift workers. Seventy-five office workers were selected as the reference group. The participants’ exposure to ELF-EMF was measured by the EMF-828 device. In addition, Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire was used to assess the participants’ stress levels. \u0000Results: Maximum levels of ELF-EMF among shift workers, non-shift workers, and office workers were 28.67 μT, 23.43 μT, and 0.06 μT, respectively. Although the explosion rate to ELF-EMF was higher in the shift and non-shift workers than the office one's, this rate in both of them were lower than the recommended limit as suggested by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). The highest stress score was related to shift workers exposed to ELF-EMF, in which 42.7% of them experienced moderate to high levels of job stress. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a significant association between shift work and exposure to ELF-EMF with increased stress. \u0000Conclusion: The findings suggested that exposure to ELF-EMF, even at low intensities, is associated with increased stress. Moreover, Shift work is another risk factor for stress.","PeriodicalId":53380,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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