Hetal Patel, Ana Ulloa, Sarah Buchan, Mariana Abdulnoor, Jonathan Gubbay, Michelle Murti
Background: Farm workers are critical to Ontario's food supply chain as they grow and harvest the food that Ontario relies on; however, they are subject to several occupation-related coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission risk factors. We describe the epidemiology of farm outbreaks in Ontario over the first calendar year of the pandemic and explore trends in outbreaks by season and type of farm.
Methods: Data pertaining to farm outbreaks in Ontario from January 1 to December 31, 2020, and their associated laboratory-confirmed cases were extracted from the provincial database. Outbreaks were characterized by size, season, farm type and duration. Cases were characterized by age, gender, medical risk factors, clinical presentation and outcomes.
Results: There were 64 farm outbreaks associated with 2,202 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Ontario during 2020. The majority of outbreaks occurred in spring (n=25, 39.1%) and fall (n=25, 39.1%). The fewest outbreaks occurred in the summer (n=6, 9.4%), corresponding with low community rates during that time, and the majority of these were in greenhouse farms (n=5, 83.3%). The median outbreak size was 14.5 cases (range: 1-240), and the median duration was 23 days (range: 0-128). Among cases, most were male (83.2%), the median age was 35 years, 10.0% had one or more comorbidities, 31.2% were asymptomatic, 16 required hospitalization and three died.
Conclusion: Farm outbreaks were a source of COVID-19 transmission and illness in 2020, particularly in the spring and fall. Outbreaks continued in greenhouse farms despite lower summer community transmission.
{"title":"COVID-19 farm outbreaks in Ontario, January-December 2020.","authors":"Hetal Patel, Ana Ulloa, Sarah Buchan, Mariana Abdulnoor, Jonathan Gubbay, Michelle Murti","doi":"10.14745/ccdr.v49i05a06","DOIUrl":"10.14745/ccdr.v49i05a06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Farm workers are critical to Ontario's food supply chain as they grow and harvest the food that Ontario relies on; however, they are subject to several occupation-related coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission risk factors. We describe the epidemiology of farm outbreaks in Ontario over the first calendar year of the pandemic and explore trends in outbreaks by season and type of farm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data pertaining to farm outbreaks in Ontario from January 1 to December 31, 2020, and their associated laboratory-confirmed cases were extracted from the provincial database. Outbreaks were characterized by size, season, farm type and duration. Cases were characterized by age, gender, medical risk factors, clinical presentation and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 64 farm outbreaks associated with 2,202 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Ontario during 2020. The majority of outbreaks occurred in spring (n=25, 39.1%) and fall (n=25, 39.1%). The fewest outbreaks occurred in the summer (n=6, 9.4%), corresponding with low community rates during that time, and the majority of these were in greenhouse farms (n=5, 83.3%). The median outbreak size was 14.5 cases (range: 1-240), and the median duration was 23 days (range: 0-128). Among cases, most were male (83.2%), the median age was 35 years, 10.0% had one or more comorbidities, 31.2% were asymptomatic, 16 required hospitalization and three died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Farm outbreaks were a source of COVID-19 transmission and illness in 2020, particularly in the spring and fall. Outbreaks continued in greenhouse farms despite lower summer community transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":53382,"journal":{"name":"The Bible and Critical Theory","volume":"2 1","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89689715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200396
Claudia Sievers, Benedikt Zacher, Alexander Ullrich, Matthew Huska, Stephan Fuchs, Silke Buda, Walter Haas, Michaela Diercke, Matthias An der Heiden, Stefan Kröger
German national surveillance data analysis shows that hospitalisation odds associated with Omicron lineage BA.1 or BA.2 infections are up to 80% lower than with Delta infection, primarily in ≥ 35-year-olds. Hospitalised vaccinated Omicron cases' proportions (2.3% for both lineages) seemed lower than those of the unvaccinated (4.4% for both lineages). Independent of vaccination status, the hospitalisation frequency among cases with Delta seemed nearly threefold higher (8.3%) than with Omicron (3.0% for both lineages), suggesting that Omicron inherently causes less severe disease.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 both show similarly reduced disease severity of COVID-19 compared to Delta, Germany, 2021 to 2022.","authors":"Claudia Sievers, Benedikt Zacher, Alexander Ullrich, Matthew Huska, Stephan Fuchs, Silke Buda, Walter Haas, Michaela Diercke, Matthias An der Heiden, Stefan Kröger","doi":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200396","DOIUrl":"10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>German national surveillance data analysis shows that hospitalisation odds associated with Omicron lineage BA.1 or BA.2 infections are up to 80% lower than with Delta infection, primarily in ≥ 35-year-olds. Hospitalised vaccinated Omicron cases' proportions (2.3% for both lineages) seemed lower than those of the unvaccinated (4.4% for both lineages). Independent of vaccination status, the hospitalisation frequency among cases with Delta seemed nearly threefold higher (8.3%) than with Omicron (3.0% for both lineages), suggesting that Omicron inherently causes less severe disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":53382,"journal":{"name":"The Bible and Critical Theory","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9164675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89692217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Four Views of One Jesus:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53382,"journal":{"name":"The Bible and Critical Theory","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82814657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION","authors":"J. Sumney","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53382,"journal":{"name":"The Bible and Critical Theory","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87426079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION","authors":"J. Sumney","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53382,"journal":{"name":"The Bible and Critical Theory","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80560225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ILLUSTRATIONS AND BOXES","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53382,"journal":{"name":"The Bible and Critical Theory","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78022252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Pentateuch, Part 2:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv17vf4s7.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53382,"journal":{"name":"The Bible and Critical Theory","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84546847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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