Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.006
A. Brzozowska-Jawornicka, A. Kubicka-Sowińska
Ancient Graeco-Roman architecture was designed with the application of mathematical harmony as a key compositional principle used in planning the dimensions and proportions of particular elements, larger parts of buildings or whole edifices. Therefore, application of metrology studies based on a cosine quantogram supports architectural analysis leading to an indication of the predominant stylistic influence on any particular building. Such a dual approach helps to establish the origins of the major artistic tradition in architectural design, especially of buildings excavated in a complex multicultural archaeological context. The aim of this paper is to determine the existence and nature of a module in the architectural decoration as well as in the general design of the ‘Hellenistic’ House, a spacious residence in Nea Paphos, Cyprus, erected in Roman times, but according to the artistic Ptolemaic tradition.
{"title":"In Search of the Module in the Architectural Design of the ‘Hellenistic’ House in Nea Paphos, Cyprus","authors":"A. Brzozowska-Jawornicka, A. Kubicka-Sowińska","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.006","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient Graeco-Roman architecture was designed with the application of mathematical harmony as a key compositional principle used in planning the dimensions and proportions of particular elements, larger parts of buildings or whole edifices. Therefore, application of metrology studies based on a cosine quantogram supports architectural analysis leading to an indication of the predominant stylistic influence on any particular building. Such a dual approach helps to establish the origins of the major artistic tradition in architectural design, especially of buildings excavated in a complex multicultural archaeological context. The aim of this paper is to determine the existence and nature of a module in the architectural decoration as well as in the general design of the ‘Hellenistic’ House, a spacious residence in Nea Paphos, Cyprus, erected in Roman times, but according to the artistic Ptolemaic tradition.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66584154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.003
C. Balandier, J. Młynarczyk
The field research conducted in Paphos in the framework of a joint project of the Université d’Avignon and the University of Warsaw focuses on the southern part of Fabrika hill with the aim to understand its role in the urban life of ancient Nea Paphos. Two seasons of the fieldwork (2018–2019) yielded evidence for the arrangement and chronology of a temple site of the Hellenistic and early Roman period. A preliminary exploration of underground chambers strongly suggests that they may have been a part of the same sacred area as the temple. Moreover, several burials as well as some walls and floors testify to the use of the site during the Byzantine and Medieval period.
{"title":"The Temple and Its Surroundings on Fabrika Hill, Paphos: Preliminary Results of the French-Polish Excavations (2018–2019)","authors":"C. Balandier, J. Młynarczyk","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.003","url":null,"abstract":"The field research conducted in Paphos in the framework of a joint project of the Université d’Avignon and the University of Warsaw focuses on the southern part of Fabrika hill with the aim to understand its role in the urban life of ancient Nea Paphos. Two seasons of the fieldwork (2018–2019) yielded evidence for the arrangement and chronology of a temple site of the Hellenistic and early Roman period. A preliminary exploration of underground chambers strongly suggests that they may have been a part of the same sacred area as the temple. Moreover, several burials as well as some walls and floors testify to the use of the site during the Byzantine and Medieval period.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66583918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.004
G. Bąkowska-Czerner, Rafał Czerner
At the archaeological site of Marina el-Alamein in Egypt, many monuments and everyday objects feature motifs related to Aphrodite and her cult. One recurring theme is the seashell that lamps are often decorated with. In one case, it accompanies the depiction of the goddess herself. This article collects oil lamps with the image of a scallop shell from the research of the Polish-Egyptian Conservation Mission, as well as already published specimens from earlier archaeological research. It has been noted to date that this motif is one of the most common on lamps found in Marina el-Alamein. Shells also appear on architectural elements – in the finials of niches with a religious purpose, located in the main reception halls of houses. In such aediculae they are well exposed, but the use of shells does not arise from the shape of the architectural framing. Therefore, other reasons, possibly symbolic ones, for including this motif in decoration should be considered.
{"title":"The Shell Motif in the Culture and Architecture of the Ancient Town of Marina el-Alamein in Egypt","authors":"G. Bąkowska-Czerner, Rafał Czerner","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.004","url":null,"abstract":"At the archaeological site of Marina el-Alamein in Egypt, many monuments and everyday objects feature motifs related to Aphrodite and her cult. One recurring theme is the seashell that lamps are often decorated with. In one case, it accompanies the depiction of the goddess herself. This article collects oil lamps with the image of a scallop shell from the research of the Polish-Egyptian Conservation Mission, as well as already published specimens from earlier archaeological research. It has been noted to date that this motif is one of the most common on lamps found in Marina el-Alamein. Shells also appear on architectural elements – in the finials of niches with a religious purpose, located in the main reception halls of houses. In such aediculae they are well exposed, but the use of shells does not arise from the shape of the architectural framing. Therefore, other reasons, possibly symbolic ones, for including this motif in decoration should be considered.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66584028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.011
Adam Łajtar
Archaeological excavations carried out by a mission from the Jagiellonian University Institute of Archaeology on the site of the agora of Nea Paphos in Cyprus brought to light a lead weight with a Greek inscription giving the year 251 of an era and mentioning an agoranomos with the name Seleukos. On the basis of parallels, the author demonstrates that the weight must have been issued by the North Syrian city of Seleucia in Pieria, and the era used in the inscription is the civic era of Seleucia with the starting point in 109/108 BC, which allows one to date the object to AD 142/143. He argues that the structure where the object was found can tentatively be identified as agoranomeion of Nea Paphos.
{"title":"A Weight of Seleucia in Pieria in Nea Paphos","authors":"Adam Łajtar","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.011","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological excavations carried out by a mission from the Jagiellonian University Institute of Archaeology on the site of the agora of Nea Paphos in Cyprus brought to light a lead weight with a Greek inscription giving the year 251 of an era and mentioning an agoranomos with the name Seleukos. On the basis of parallels, the author demonstrates that the weight must have been issued by the North Syrian city of Seleucia in Pieria, and the era used in the inscription is the civic era of Seleucia with the starting point in 109/108 BC, which allows one to date the object to AD 142/143. He argues that the structure where the object was found can tentatively be identified as agoranomeion of Nea Paphos.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66584581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.007
Roksana Hajduga
More than two hundred sealings have been found since 2010 at Selib 2, a small Meroitic settlement in the Dongola Reach. This group come from the same context, in the S2/1/2010 storehouse and the most prominent building within the settlement. This paper focuses on selected impressions of thirty-one seals found on sealings and discusses them mainly in terms of iconography. Motifs from the sealings are both figural and non-figural. They reflect Meroitic beliefs, culture and politics. The catalogue and description of individual sealings, complete with photographs and drawings of stamp impressions, provide a firm base for preliminary observation regarding religion, symbols used by administrations and political propaganda, as well as allowing one to trace external influences and adaptation of foreign patterns.
{"title":"Kushite Stamp Impressions from Selib 2, Sudan","authors":"Roksana Hajduga","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.007","url":null,"abstract":"More than two hundred sealings have been found since 2010 at Selib 2, a small Meroitic settlement in the Dongola Reach. This group come from the same context, in the S2/1/2010 storehouse and the most prominent building within the settlement. This paper focuses on selected impressions of thirty-one seals found on sealings and discusses them mainly in terms of iconography. Motifs from the sealings are both figural and non-figural. They reflect Meroitic beliefs, culture and politics. The catalogue and description of individual sealings, complete with photographs and drawings of stamp impressions, provide a firm base for preliminary observation regarding religion, symbols used by administrations and political propaganda, as well as allowing one to trace external influences and adaptation of foreign patterns.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47577679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.009
Barbara Lichocka
This paper presents coins unearthed in three separate places at the Villa of Theseus at Nea Paphos (Cyprus). With just a few exceptions they date to the fourth–early fifth centuries AD. Even though only some specimens are precisely identifiable, they deserve presentation since they may suggest termini post quem for the reconstructions and enlargement of the Villa of Theseus. At the same time, the numismatic evidence helps to support the hypothesis that more than one earthquake occurred in the late Roman period at Nea Paphos and caused the destruction of its residences in the whole or in part of the area.
{"title":"Villa of Theseus at Nea Paphos (Cyprus). Fourth–Early Fifth Century Numismatic Evidence for Architectural Transformations and Seismic Events","authors":"Barbara Lichocka","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents coins unearthed in three separate places at the Villa of Theseus at Nea Paphos (Cyprus). With just a few exceptions they date to the fourth–early fifth centuries AD. Even though only some specimens are precisely identifiable, they deserve presentation since they may suggest termini post quem for the reconstructions and enlargement of the Villa of Theseus. At the same time, the numismatic evidence helps to support the hypothesis that more than one earthquake occurred in the late Roman period at Nea Paphos and caused the destruction of its residences in the whole or in part of the area.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66584889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.005
A. Brzozowska-Jawornicka
This paper presents preliminary observations and analyses of the architecture of the ‘Hellenistic’ House, an ancient residency from Roman times built in Nea Paphos on Cyprus. The House was erected as an extensive edifice around several courtyards of a very interesting architectural frame and rich decoration. Unfortunately, the residence was destroyed by an earthquake and afterwards rebuilt with new edifices, primarily the Villa of Theseus, and as such its remains are in a very poor state. However, the preserved fragments of walls, floors, technical infrastructure as well as pieces of architectural decoration permit the conducting of architectural studies of the residence’s layout, structure and functional arrangement.
{"title":"‘Hellenistic’ House in Nea Paphos, Cyprus – A First Summary of Its Architecture","authors":"A. Brzozowska-Jawornicka","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents preliminary observations and analyses of the architecture of the ‘Hellenistic’ House, an ancient residency from Roman times built in Nea Paphos on Cyprus. The House was erected as an extensive edifice around several courtyards of a very interesting architectural frame and rich decoration. Unfortunately, the residence was destroyed by an earthquake and afterwards rebuilt with new edifices, primarily the Villa of Theseus, and as such its remains are in a very poor state. However, the preserved fragments of walls, floors, technical infrastructure as well as pieces of architectural decoration permit the conducting of architectural studies of the residence’s layout, structure and functional arrangement.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66584554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.012
Diana Mroczek
The article addresses the collection of Roman portrait busts in the National Museum in Poznań, Poland. The paper focuses on three busts attributed to Marcus Aurelius as an example of durable adaptations and modifications of the originals. It aims to explain frequent misconceptions and interpretations of the sculptures by exploring history and conservation practices.
{"title":"Ancient Portrait Busts of Marcus Aurelius in the National Museum in Poznań","authors":"Diana Mroczek","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.012","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the collection of Roman portrait busts in the National Museum in Poznań, Poland. The paper focuses on three busts attributed to Marcus Aurelius as an example of durable adaptations and modifications of the originals. It aims to explain frequent misconceptions and interpretations of the sculptures by exploring history and conservation practices.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47520387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.002
Marta Bajlter
The aim of this study is to present data on the amphorae and stoppers of Adriatic production coming from Cyprus, in particular from Nea Paphos. Three kinds of wine amphorae, Greco-Italic, Lamboglia 2 and Dressel 6A, closely related to each other due to a common element – a ceramic disk, which they were sealed with – appear in small amounts on sites from the late Hellenistic to the early Roman period. They are also attested at Maloutena in Nea Paphos. Analysis of these imports was carried out in order to define the quantity and variety of the material. The preliminary results were incorporated into the present paper.
{"title":"Adriatic Wine Amphorae in Nea Paphos","authors":"Marta Bajlter","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.002","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to present data on the amphorae and stoppers of Adriatic production coming from Cyprus, in particular from Nea Paphos. Three kinds of wine amphorae, Greco-Italic, Lamboglia 2 and Dressel 6A, closely related to each other due to a common element – a ceramic disk, which they were sealed with – appear in small amounts on sites from the late Hellenistic to the early Roman period. They are also attested at Maloutena in Nea Paphos. Analysis of these imports was carried out in order to define the quantity and variety of the material. The preliminary results were incorporated into the present paper.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66583837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.12775/etudtrav.34.010
V. Lysandrou, D. Michaelides
This paper presents the wall paintings decorating a number of Hellenistic and Roman tombs, of various architectural types, in Paphos and the region. The paper gathers together for the first time all the known published and unpublished painted tombs of the city, which are studied on the basis of observations made on the actual decoration preserved either in situ or in the laboratory of the Paphos District Museum, and with the use of all pertinent publications. A catalogue of these tombs has been created and this is accompanied by a map with the geographic location of each example. The various themes represented on wall paintings have been divided into groups and are discussed accordingly, while the manufacturing technology of a sample of the wall paintings is examined using both non-contact and analytical tools.
{"title":"Wall Paintings in Ancient Cyprus: The Hellenistic and Roman Tombs of Paphos and Its Region","authors":"V. Lysandrou, D. Michaelides","doi":"10.12775/etudtrav.34.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/etudtrav.34.010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the wall paintings decorating a number of Hellenistic and Roman tombs, of various architectural types, in Paphos and the region. The paper gathers together for the first time all the known published and unpublished painted tombs of the city, which are studied on the basis of observations made on the actual decoration preserved either in situ or in the laboratory of the Paphos District Museum, and with the use of all pertinent publications. A catalogue of these tombs has been created and this is accompanied by a map with the geographic location of each example. The various themes represented on wall paintings have been divided into groups and are discussed accordingly, while the manufacturing technology of a sample of the wall paintings is examined using both non-contact and analytical tools.","PeriodicalId":53471,"journal":{"name":"Etudes et Travaux","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48854370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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