Purpose: The main aim of this study was to determine the influence of internal capabilities on the performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Mogadishu, Somalia
Methodology: The research paper adopted a descriptive research design. The target population in this study was undefined given that the number of MSEs in Mogadishu, Somalia operate under no regulatory framework. The researcher used snowballing sampling techniques, where one MSEs was requested to introduce the researcher to another MSE until the sample size of 120 MSEs was reached. The collected data was then subjected to analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. The researcher included statistical tools such as SPSS and MS Excel to provide a comprehensive description of the data. The findings were presented using tables.
Findings: The findings revealed that financial, marketing and HR capabilities had a positive and significant influence on performance of MSEs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Where, financial capabilities (β=0.547) had the highest statistical influence, followed by marketing capabilities (β=0.428) and lastly HR capabilities (β=0.415).
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that owners of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) prioritize investing in skill training and the recruitment of expert professionals to bolster the knowledge base and capabilities of their enterprises. The study findings discuss a deeper understanding of the determinants of MSE performance, and how this knowledge can be translated into targeted actions by business owners, policymakers, and other stakeholders. This not only supports the practical application but also illustrates its value in informing policies that promote the growth and sustainability of MSEs in the region.
{"title":"Influence of Internal Capabilities on the Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Mogadishu, Somalia","authors":"Ahmed Mohamed","doi":"10.47604/ijfa.2189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2189","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The main aim of this study was to determine the influence of internal capabilities on the performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Mogadishu, Somalia
 Methodology: The research paper adopted a descriptive research design. The target population in this study was undefined given that the number of MSEs in Mogadishu, Somalia operate under no regulatory framework. The researcher used snowballing sampling techniques, where one MSEs was requested to introduce the researcher to another MSE until the sample size of 120 MSEs was reached. The collected data was then subjected to analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. The researcher included statistical tools such as SPSS and MS Excel to provide a comprehensive description of the data. The findings were presented using tables.
 Findings: The findings revealed that financial, marketing and HR capabilities had a positive and significant influence on performance of MSEs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Where, financial capabilities (β=0.547) had the highest statistical influence, followed by marketing capabilities (β=0.428) and lastly HR capabilities (β=0.415).
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that owners of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) prioritize investing in skill training and the recruitment of expert professionals to bolster the knowledge base and capabilities of their enterprises. The study findings discuss a deeper understanding of the determinants of MSE performance, and how this knowledge can be translated into targeted actions by business owners, policymakers, and other stakeholders. This not only supports the practical application but also illustrates its value in informing policies that promote the growth and sustainability of MSEs in the region.","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alnuru Issa Abjadi, Enock J. Wiketye, Hosea Mpogole
The purpose of the study was to determine factors contributing to tax compliances among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania, with reference to selected SMEs in Iringa Municipality. The study objectives were; to evaluate the contribution of taxpayer’s education, to determine the contribution of tax rate and to assess the contribution of tax penalties on tax compliance among SMEs in Iringa Municipality. The targeted population were 172 SMEs where a sample size of 63 SMEs was drawn using descriptive research design. The study used stratified sampling technique and data were analysed using linear regression through ordinary least squares estimator showing relationship between tax compliance among SMEs as dependent variable to taxpayer education, tax rate and tax penalties as independent variables. Taxpayer education and tax penalties had a positive relationship and tax rate showed the negative relationship with tax compliance among SMEs. The results from the regression and t- test showed that taxpayer education, tax rate and tax penalties have a significant impact on tax compliance since the p-values were less than 0.05. In the case of the normal regression output the adjusted R2 equals 0.534 implying that the model explains about 53.4% variations in tax compliance among SMEs. The study concludes that tax payers’ education has positive effects on tax compliance while high tax rates discourage the SMEs on tax compliance. Nonetheless, high tax penalties positively influence tax compliance.. The study recommends fair and at moderate level tax levels and there should be more emphasis on tax payers’ education and awareness to increase tax compliance
{"title":"Factors Contributing to Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: A Case of Selected SMEs in Iringa Municipality","authors":"Alnuru Issa Abjadi, Enock J. Wiketye, Hosea Mpogole","doi":"10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1559","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine factors contributing to tax compliances among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania, with reference to selected SMEs in Iringa Municipality. The study objectives were; to evaluate the contribution of taxpayer’s education, to determine the contribution of tax rate and to assess the contribution of tax penalties on tax compliance among SMEs in Iringa Municipality. The targeted population were 172 SMEs where a sample size of 63 SMEs was drawn using descriptive research design. The study used stratified sampling technique and data were analysed using linear regression through ordinary least squares estimator showing relationship between tax compliance among SMEs as dependent variable to taxpayer education, tax rate and tax penalties as independent variables. Taxpayer education and tax penalties had a positive relationship and tax rate showed the negative relationship with tax compliance among SMEs. The results from the regression and t- test showed that taxpayer education, tax rate and tax penalties have a significant impact on tax compliance since the p-values were less than 0.05. In the case of the normal regression output the adjusted R2 equals 0.534 implying that the model explains about 53.4% variations in tax compliance among SMEs. The study concludes that tax payers’ education has positive effects on tax compliance while high tax rates discourage the SMEs on tax compliance. Nonetheless, high tax penalties positively influence tax compliance.. The study recommends fair and at moderate level tax levels and there should be more emphasis on tax payers’ education and awareness to increase tax compliance","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This paper aims to explain the benefits of securitization in Kenya’s economy that is to both the government, the private sector, and the Kenya capital market. The paper provides a road map on how the government and private sector can diversify their funding sources, lower borrowing costs, improve liquidity, and transfer risk. It will help offer clear policy direction to government policymakers in efforts geared towards the introduction of asset securitization in the country which will increase liquidity, economic growth, and expansion of capital in the country. The regulator of the financial market Capital Market Authority (CMA) will therefore formulate guidelines and regulatory requirements that can enhance the performance of the securitization industry. The paper will also be useful to corporate strategists of companies as they seek to optimize return considerations in driving shareholder wealth margins. The paper is expected to motivate and be a key reference for future research work in the securitization industry in Kenya. Securitization is one of the innovative products that may be used by government and private firms and investors to increase wealth.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library
Findings: Securitization will bring benefits in terms of growth in the economy and expansion of capital markets and hence wealth creation. Securitization involves the conversion of a pool of assets with a regular and predictable cash income such as mortgage repayments receivables, and credit card receivables e,t,c into a security or marketable instrument that allows the institution to transact a large number of its assets, which would otherwise not be attractive as individual. The originator who will be the financial institution or the government then creates a legal entity known as a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). The special purpose vehicle may be in the form of a Limited Liability Company, a trust, a partnership, or even a subsidiary of the Originator. These selected receivables are then transferred to the special purpose vehicle which then becomes the owner of these receivables. The securities to be issued by the special purpose vehicle are usually rated by a rating agency. This is due to the fact that such instruments are unsecured, which will require that investors are protected.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Profit maximising theory and theory of innovation can be used to anchor future studies on securitization enhancing liquidity. If the Government or the financial institution wants to issue 'AAA' rated asset-backed securities or mortgage-backed securities, collater
{"title":"Securitization Enhancing Liquidity in Kenya","authors":"Margaret Kibera","doi":"10.47604/ijfa.2167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2167","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper aims to explain the benefits of securitization in Kenya’s economy that is to both the government, the private sector, and the Kenya capital market. The paper provides a road map on how the government and private sector can diversify their funding sources, lower borrowing costs, improve liquidity, and transfer risk. It will help offer clear policy direction to government policymakers in efforts geared towards the introduction of asset securitization in the country which will increase liquidity, economic growth, and expansion of capital in the country. The regulator of the financial market Capital Market Authority (CMA) will therefore formulate guidelines and regulatory requirements that can enhance the performance of the securitization industry. The paper will also be useful to corporate strategists of companies as they seek to optimize return considerations in driving shareholder wealth margins. The paper is expected to motivate and be a key reference for future research work in the securitization industry in Kenya. Securitization is one of the innovative products that may be used by government and private firms and investors to increase wealth.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library
 Findings: Securitization will bring benefits in terms of growth in the economy and expansion of capital markets and hence wealth creation. Securitization involves the conversion of a pool of assets with a regular and predictable cash income such as mortgage repayments receivables, and credit card receivables e,t,c into a security or marketable instrument that allows the institution to transact a large number of its assets, which would otherwise not be attractive as individual. The originator who will be the financial institution or the government then creates a legal entity known as a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). The special purpose vehicle may be in the form of a Limited Liability Company, a trust, a partnership, or even a subsidiary of the Originator. These selected receivables are then transferred to the special purpose vehicle which then becomes the owner of these receivables. The securities to be issued by the special purpose vehicle are usually rated by a rating agency. This is due to the fact that such instruments are unsecured, which will require that investors are protected.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Profit maximising theory and theory of innovation can be used to anchor future studies on securitization enhancing liquidity. If the Government or the financial institution wants to issue 'AAA' rated asset-backed securities or mortgage-backed securities, collater","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study sought to establish the effect of interest rate on volatility of share prices of companies listed at the NSE. The study was anchored the loanable funds theory.
Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The population of the study was the 20 companies listed at the NSE that forms the NSE share index as of December 2022. The study applied census where all the accessible population of all the 20 NSE share index was used. Data was gathered from secondary sources by the aid of a secondary data collection sheet. Data was obtained from financial and statistical reports released by the CBK. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistical tools included frequencies, percentages, means, variances and standard deviations. Inferential statistic tools included Pearson’s Product Moment correlation and the multiple regression analysis.
Findings: The findings indicated that interest rate (β3=0.52939, P=003) have significant positive effect on share price volatility. The study recommended that the monetary committee at CBK should maintain stable interest rates in order to encourage borrowing as it would foster investment in the NSE and other sectors.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The recommendation is in line with the Loanable Funds Theory, as it seeks to establish a reliable and advantageous climate for borrowing. This approach allows businesses and investors to make more effective investment plans, as they can predict the cost of borrowing over time. Additionally, the monetary committee at the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK), responsible for setting the policy rate, should take into account how their decisions influence short-term interest rates in the economy. This consideration is important for the well-being of businesses, investors and the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE).
{"title":"Interest Rate and Volatility of Share Prices of Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya","authors":"Petronilah Kengere, Maina Kimani, Caleb Manyaga","doi":"10.47604/ijfa.2154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2154","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study sought to establish the effect of interest rate on volatility of share prices of companies listed at the NSE. The study was anchored the loanable funds theory.
 Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The population of the study was the 20 companies listed at the NSE that forms the NSE share index as of December 2022. The study applied census where all the accessible population of all the 20 NSE share index was used. Data was gathered from secondary sources by the aid of a secondary data collection sheet. Data was obtained from financial and statistical reports released by the CBK. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistical tools included frequencies, percentages, means, variances and standard deviations. Inferential statistic tools included Pearson’s Product Moment correlation and the multiple regression analysis.
 Findings: The findings indicated that interest rate (β3=0.52939, P=003) have significant positive effect on share price volatility. The study recommended that the monetary committee at CBK should maintain stable interest rates in order to encourage borrowing as it would foster investment in the NSE and other sectors.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The recommendation is in line with the Loanable Funds Theory, as it seeks to establish a reliable and advantageous climate for borrowing. This approach allows businesses and investors to make more effective investment plans, as they can predict the cost of borrowing over time. Additionally, the monetary committee at the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK), responsible for setting the policy rate, should take into account how their decisions influence short-term interest rates in the economy. This consideration is important for the well-being of businesses, investors and the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE).","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135512064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Foreign portfolio investments have continued to play an important role in the world today because investors are more interested in investments that will give them higher returns for their investments. The purpose the study was to establish the effect of foreign portfolio investments and market returns in Kenya. The specific variables studied were foreign equity portfolios, foreign bond portfolios, foreign portfolio of treasury bills and foreign portfolio of exchange traded funds and how they affect the market returns at the NSE20 share index in Kenya.
Methodology: The research methodology applied panel regression for inferential findings and Langrage multiplier test done to determine the pooled effect with the aid of STATA 18 software. Secondary data was sourced from the NSE annual reports, CMA bulletins, CBK websites of the respective companies listed in the index for the period between 2013 to 2022.
Findings: The study findings indicated a positive and significant relationship of foreign equity portfolios, foreign portfolio of T Bills and foreign portfolio of ETFs with market returns at the NSE20 share index. Conversely, foreign bond portfolio exhibited a negative significant relationship with market returns at the NSE 20 share index.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study supported Modern Portfolio Theory(MPT) that suggests that for an investor to maximize returns, an investor will choose from a wide array of portfolios that will suit his needs and risk profiles and Neoclassical Theory of Investment that suggests that investors will take advantage of location differences to profit from arbitrage opportunities and Total portfolio theory that suggests that combination of securities posits a higher performance due to significant diversification benefits linked to a basket of securities. The Modern portfolio theory measuring market return seemed to hold in that it will give an investor an understanding of the most efficient portfolio that will give the largest returns at a given level of risk. The theory was suggested for future related research because it will give an investor a strategy for successful portfolio investments.
{"title":"Foreign Equity Portfolio Investments and Market Returns at the NSE20 Share Index; Kenya","authors":"O. Oyucho, I. Ochieng’, O. Agong’","doi":"10.47604/ijfa.2153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2153","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Foreign portfolio investments have continued to play an important role in the world today because investors are more interested in investments that will give them higher returns for their investments. The purpose the study was to establish the effect of foreign portfolio investments and market returns in Kenya. The specific variables studied were foreign equity portfolios, foreign bond portfolios, foreign portfolio of treasury bills and foreign portfolio of exchange traded funds and how they affect the market returns at the NSE20 share index in Kenya.
 Methodology: The research methodology applied panel regression for inferential findings and Langrage multiplier test done to determine the pooled effect with the aid of STATA 18 software. Secondary data was sourced from the NSE annual reports, CMA bulletins, CBK websites of the respective companies listed in the index for the period between 2013 to 2022.
 Findings: The study findings indicated a positive and significant relationship of foreign equity portfolios, foreign portfolio of T Bills and foreign portfolio of ETFs with market returns at the NSE20 share index. Conversely, foreign bond portfolio exhibited a negative significant relationship with market returns at the NSE 20 share index.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study supported Modern Portfolio Theory(MPT) that suggests that for an investor to maximize returns, an investor will choose from a wide array of portfolios that will suit his needs and risk profiles and Neoclassical Theory of Investment that suggests that investors will take advantage of location differences to profit from arbitrage opportunities and Total portfolio theory that suggests that combination of securities posits a higher performance due to significant diversification benefits linked to a basket of securities. The Modern portfolio theory measuring market return seemed to hold in that it will give an investor an understanding of the most efficient portfolio that will give the largest returns at a given level of risk. The theory was suggested for future related research because it will give an investor a strategy for successful portfolio investments.","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing customer retention in Community Banks in Tanzania, a case of MUCOBA Bank PLC in Mafinga Town in Iringa region. Specifically, the study sought to examine the influence of tangibility and assurances on customer retention. The study used a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) approach, adopting a cross-sectional research design. The population involved was customers and senior staff of MUCOBA Bank PLC. The convenience sampling technique was used in selecting customers, while purposive sampling was used to select senior staff and a few customers who were heads of group loan beneficiaries. The sample size of 382 comprised 377 customers and five senior staff. The response rate was 88.2%, whereby 337 responses were obtained through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed by using multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis technique. The findings revealed that tangibility had a significant influence on customer retention with (β = .110, p = .036). Also, assurance was found having a significant relationship with customer retention on customer retention at MUCOBA Bank PLC with (β = .176, p = .002). The study recommends that tangibility and assurance should be used to the maximum to influence customer retention
本研究以坦桑尼亚伊林加地区马廷加镇的MUCOBA银行为例，探讨影响坦桑尼亚社区银行客户保留的因素。具体地说，该研究试图检验有形性和保证对客户保留的影响。本研究采用定性与定量相结合的研究方法，采用横断面研究设计。涉及的人群是MUCOBA Bank PLC的客户和高级员工。在选择客户时采用方便抽样的方法，在选择高级职员和少数作为集团贷款受益人负责人的客户时采用目的抽样的方法。样本量为382，其中包括377名客户和5名高级员工。问卷调查和深度访谈共获得337份回复，回复率为88.2%。定量资料采用多元回归分析，定性资料采用内容分析技术。研究结果显示，有形性对客户保留率有显著影响(β = 0.110, p = 0.036)。此外，在MUCOBA Bank PLC的客户保留率中，发现保证与客户保留率之间存在显著关系(β = 0.176, p = 0.002)。研究建议，应最大限度地利用有形和保证来影响客户保留
{"title":"Factors Influencing Customer Retention in Community Banks in Tanzania: A Case of MUCOBA Bank PLC","authors":"Hilda Mng’ong’o","doi":"10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1502","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing customer retention in Community Banks in Tanzania, a case of MUCOBA Bank PLC in Mafinga Town in Iringa region. Specifically, the study sought to examine the influence of tangibility and assurances on customer retention. The study used a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) approach, adopting a cross-sectional research design. The population involved was customers and senior staff of MUCOBA Bank PLC. The convenience sampling technique was used in selecting customers, while purposive sampling was used to select senior staff and a few customers who were heads of group loan beneficiaries. The sample size of 382 comprised 377 customers and five senior staff. The response rate was 88.2%, whereby 337 responses were obtained through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed by using multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis technique. The findings revealed that tangibility had a significant influence on customer retention with (β = .110, p = .036). Also, assurance was found having a significant relationship with customer retention on customer retention at MUCOBA Bank PLC with (β = .176, p = .002). The study recommends that tangibility and assurance should be used to the maximum to influence customer retention","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting fund management among Village Community Banks (VICOBAs), focusing on registered VICOBAs in Iringa Municipality under Iringa municipal council. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the impact of timely loan repayment, financial record keeping, and the economic activities of groups of VICOBA on fund management. The research targeted a population of 104 accountants and treasurers from 104 registered VICOBAs in Iringa Municipality, and a sample size of 83 accountants and treasurers from 83 registered VICOBAs were selected for the study. A cross-sectional research design was employed, where a quantitative approach was applied to collect data. Simple random sampling and convenience sampling were used to select accountants and treasurers from those 83 registered VICOBAs from 18 wards within Iringa Municipality. Data was analysed by using descriptive statistics and regression analysis so as to determine the relationship between fund management among VICOBAs as dependent variable to timely loan repayment, financial records keeping and economic activities of the groups of VICOBAs in Iringa municipality as independent variables. The results revealed that there was a positive relationship between all independent variables and the dependent variable, which is fund management among registered VICOBAs. Furthermore, the results revealed that lack of timely loan repayment, poor financial records keeping, and poor performance of economic activities of the groups led to poor fund management among registered VICOBAs in Iringa municipality. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that the lack of timely loan repayment, poor financial record keeping, and poor performance of economic activities of the groups significantly contribute to poor funds management within VICOBAs in Iringa Municipality. The researcher made several recommendations whereby among the recommendations was that VICOBAs should prioritise the provision of collateral security for loans to mitigate the risks associated with untimely loan repayment
{"title":"Factors Affecting Fund Management among Village Community Banks (VICOBAs); a Case of Registered VICOBAs in Iringa Municipality","authors":"Baraka Ordination Mgongolwa","doi":"10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1489","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study was to assess the factors affecting fund management among Village Community Banks (VICOBAs), focusing on registered VICOBAs in Iringa Municipality under Iringa municipal council. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the impact of timely loan repayment, financial record keeping, and the economic activities of groups of VICOBA on fund management. The research targeted a population of 104 accountants and treasurers from 104 registered VICOBAs in Iringa Municipality, and a sample size of 83 accountants and treasurers from 83 registered VICOBAs were selected for the study. A cross-sectional research design was employed, where a quantitative approach was applied to collect data. Simple random sampling and convenience sampling were used to select accountants and treasurers from those 83 registered VICOBAs from 18 wards within Iringa Municipality. Data was analysed by using descriptive statistics and regression analysis so as to determine the relationship between fund management among VICOBAs as dependent variable to timely loan repayment, financial records keeping and economic activities of the groups of VICOBAs in Iringa municipality as independent variables. The results revealed that there was a positive relationship between all independent variables and the dependent variable, which is fund management among registered VICOBAs. Furthermore, the results revealed that lack of timely loan repayment, poor financial records keeping, and poor performance of economic activities of the groups led to poor fund management among registered VICOBAs in Iringa municipality. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that the lack of timely loan repayment, poor financial record keeping, and poor performance of economic activities of the groups significantly contribute to poor funds management within VICOBAs in Iringa Municipality. The researcher made several recommendations whereby among the recommendations was that VICOBAs should prioritise the provision of collateral security for loans to mitigate the risks associated with untimely loan repayment","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study was conducted to examine the Impact of asset diversification on the profitability of selected large commercial banks in Tanzania. Specifically the study intended to examine the customer loans impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania, examine the bank assurance impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania and examine investment in Government securities' impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania.
Methodology: This study uses secondary data sources, mainly from annual reports of listed banks, financial reports in newspapers, and data from the Bank of Tanzania regarding the performance of the banking industry. The variables that were used include bank loan, bank assurance, inflation GDP and government. Data was analyzed using descriptive research design whereby Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used.
Findings: The study revealed that customers loan (p=.0418), investments in government securities (p= .0399), and Bank assurance (p=.0348) were significant in predicting the financial performance of commercial banks since all the p values were less than 0.05. Control variables were able to explain the results, Core capital to RWA (p=.0318), asset size (p=.0255), Liquid assets to total assets (p=.0203), Inflation rate (p=.0219), and GDP growth (p=.0273) significant as they were below 0.05. The study conclude that Asset diversifications have a significant relationship with the performance of commercial banks.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study used portfolio Diversification theory. The study period, spanning from 2015 to 2020, witnessed a notable positive impact of bank assurance, customer loans and investment in Government securities on the performance of commercial banks. The demand for this asset type highly during this period, creating an active market that contributed to enhanced returns. The study recommended the need for collaboration by all stakeholders in the financial sector to review the regulations and establish a framework that supports the implementation of new asset development.
{"title":"Impact of Asset Diversification on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Tanzania: A Case of Large Banks in Tanzania","authors":"Lameck Baraka, Allen Mrindoko","doi":"10.47604/ijfa.2128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2128","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study was conducted to examine the Impact of asset diversification on the profitability of selected large commercial banks in Tanzania. Specifically the study intended to examine the customer loans impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania, examine the bank assurance impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania and examine investment in Government securities' impact on the profitability of commercial banks in Tanzania.
 Methodology: This study uses secondary data sources, mainly from annual reports of listed banks, financial reports in newspapers, and data from the Bank of Tanzania regarding the performance of the banking industry. The variables that were used include bank loan, bank assurance, inflation GDP and government. Data was analyzed using descriptive research design whereby Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used.
 Findings: The study revealed that customers loan (p=.0418), investments in government securities (p= .0399), and Bank assurance (p=.0348) were significant in predicting the financial performance of commercial banks since all the p values were less than 0.05. Control variables were able to explain the results, Core capital to RWA (p=.0318), asset size (p=.0255), Liquid assets to total assets (p=.0203), Inflation rate (p=.0219), and GDP growth (p=.0273) significant as they were below 0.05. The study conclude that Asset diversifications have a significant relationship with the performance of commercial banks. 
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study used portfolio Diversification theory. The study period, spanning from 2015 to 2020, witnessed a notable positive impact of bank assurance, customer loans and investment in Government securities on the performance of commercial banks. The demand for this asset type highly during this period, creating an active market that contributed to enhanced returns. The study recommended the need for collaboration by all stakeholders in the financial sector to review the regulations and establish a framework that supports the implementation of new asset development.","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of microcredit on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) performance in Tanzania, with reference to selected MSMEs in Iringa Municipality specifically, to examine the contribution of the loan amount on the performance of MSMEs, to examine the influence of interest rate on the performance of MSMEs and to determine the effect of initial capital on the performance of MSMEs. The targeted population was 874 MSMEs benefiting from microcredit services from Iringa Municipality, where a sample size of 274 MSMEs was drawn. A descriptive research design was employed, and a quantitative approach was applied to analyse data. Stratified sampling technique, simple random technique and Convenience sampling technique were used to select loan benefiting. The findings revealed that loans benefiting MSMEs at Iringa Municipality receive loans from financing institutions and use them to improve performance. Moreover, the study found that interest rate has no statistically significant on the performance of MSMEs in Iringa Municipality. In addition, findings revealed that there was statistical significance in the effects of initial capital on the performance of MSMEs. In the case of the normal regression output, the adjusted R2 equals 0.698, implying that the model explains about 69.8% variations in MSMEs performance. The study recommends that the Government should ensure that MSMEs receive appropriate loan amounts and should take proactive measures to regulate interest rates on microcredit loans. MSMEs should have a clear strategy for how these funds will be used. Financing institutions should recognise that loan provisions to MSMEs should be based on the specific needs of the business. Also, they should provide micro-loans at competitive rates that balance affordability for MSMEs and sustainability for the institution. For further studies, the researchers should conduct similar research in different regions or countries that will allow scholars to ascertain the general ability of the findings. Also, the researchers should conduct longitudinal studies that can provide invaluable insights into the long-term effects of microcredit on MSMEs’ performance
{"title":"Effects of Microcredit on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Performance in Tanzania with Reference to Selected MSMEs in Iringa Municipality","authors":"Lucy Longo","doi":"10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/ijfa.2.1.1487","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of microcredit on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) performance in Tanzania, with reference to selected MSMEs in Iringa Municipality specifically, to examine the contribution of the loan amount on the performance of MSMEs, to examine the influence of interest rate on the performance of MSMEs and to determine the effect of initial capital on the performance of MSMEs. The targeted population was 874 MSMEs benefiting from microcredit services from Iringa Municipality, where a sample size of 274 MSMEs was drawn. A descriptive research design was employed, and a quantitative approach was applied to analyse data. Stratified sampling technique, simple random technique and Convenience sampling technique were used to select loan benefiting. The findings revealed that loans benefiting MSMEs at Iringa Municipality receive loans from financing institutions and use them to improve performance. Moreover, the study found that interest rate has no statistically significant on the performance of MSMEs in Iringa Municipality. In addition, findings revealed that there was statistical significance in the effects of initial capital on the performance of MSMEs. In the case of the normal regression output, the adjusted R2 equals 0.698, implying that the model explains about 69.8% variations in MSMEs performance. The study recommends that the Government should ensure that MSMEs receive appropriate loan amounts and should take proactive measures to regulate interest rates on microcredit loans. MSMEs should have a clear strategy for how these funds will be used. Financing institutions should recognise that loan provisions to MSMEs should be based on the specific needs of the business. Also, they should provide micro-loans at competitive rates that balance affordability for MSMEs and sustainability for the institution. For further studies, the researchers should conduct similar research in different regions or countries that will allow scholars to ascertain the general ability of the findings. Also, the researchers should conduct longitudinal studies that can provide invaluable insights into the long-term effects of microcredit on MSMEs’ performance","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study investigated the moderating role of Treasury Bills and Bonds allocation on the relationship between systematic risk and investment portfolio performance of pension schemes in Kenya. Assets under management by pension schemes make up 14.6% of the GDP in Kenya, making pension schemes significant players in the financial industry and the economy. As of December 2021, the pension industry had mobilised Kshs. 1,547.43 billion in managed pension assets from Kshs. 44.7 billion in 2000, a significant annual average growth rate of 21%. Methodology: The study used secondary data from 1,172 registered pension schemes for seven years between 2015 and 2021. Pension scheme data was collected from the database of the Retirement Benefits Authority. Systematic risk data was collected from the databases of the Central Bank of Kenya, Nairobi Securities Exchange and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Panel Regression analysis, fixed effect, random effect, and Hausman test were used to analyse the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study applied the Whisman and Maclleland two-step model to evaluate the impact of asset allocation on the investment portfolio performance of pension schemes as moderating variables. Findings: The study results showed that asset allocation to Treasury Bills and Bonds did not significantly moderate the effect of systematic risk on the investment portfolio performance of pension schemes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributed to academia by challenging the usefulness of Modern Portfolio Theory. Policymakers should consider reviewing the limits on investment in Treasury Bills and Bonds to less than 100% to encourage diversification to more asset classes. Practitioners are recommended to invest in diverse asset classes.
{"title":"The Moderating Role of Treasury Bills and Bonds Allocations on the Relationship between Systematic Risk and Investment Portfolio Performance of Pension Schemes in Kenya","authors":"Karen Kandie, Joseph Macheru, Cliff Osoro","doi":"10.47604/ijfa.2105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2105","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study investigated the moderating role of Treasury Bills and Bonds allocation on the relationship between systematic risk and investment portfolio performance of pension schemes in Kenya. Assets under management by pension schemes make up 14.6% of the GDP in Kenya, making pension schemes significant players in the financial industry and the economy. As of December 2021, the pension industry had mobilised Kshs. 1,547.43 billion in managed pension assets from Kshs. 44.7 billion in 2000, a significant annual average growth rate of 21%. Methodology: The study used secondary data from 1,172 registered pension schemes for seven years between 2015 and 2021. Pension scheme data was collected from the database of the Retirement Benefits Authority. Systematic risk data was collected from the databases of the Central Bank of Kenya, Nairobi Securities Exchange and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Panel Regression analysis, fixed effect, random effect, and Hausman test were used to analyse the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study applied the Whisman and Maclleland two-step model to evaluate the impact of asset allocation on the investment portfolio performance of pension schemes as moderating variables. Findings: The study results showed that asset allocation to Treasury Bills and Bonds did not significantly moderate the effect of systematic risk on the investment portfolio performance of pension schemes. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributed to academia by challenging the usefulness of Modern Portfolio Theory. Policymakers should consider reviewing the limits on investment in Treasury Bills and Bonds to less than 100% to encourage diversification to more asset classes. Practitioners are recommended to invest in diverse asset classes.","PeriodicalId":53549,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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