Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1268339
R. C. Caleffo, F. S. Correra
— This paper presents an effective and novel design procedure employing a novelty named as Perturbation Factor to predict the resonance frequency of resonant cavities in SIW technology perturbed by a shape perturbation. The design procedure can be applied in tunable cavities and bandpass filters with shunt reactance of symmetrical inductive window, and regarding the application technologies, rectangular waveguide resonators and resonant cavities in SIW can be employed due to the equivalence of operation between both technologies. Its straightforward application allows a frequency variation of up to 20% using only one metal post which allows the reduction of the fabrication cost and the preservation of the frequency response across the considered bandwidth. To validate the design procedure, two resonant cavities were fabricated, a rectangular resonant cavity designed to operate at 5.0 GHz and 6.0 GHz and a square resonant cavity designed to operate at 6.0 GHz and 7.2 GHz, and frequency variations of 17.74% and 21.81% were obtained for the rectangular and square cavities, respectively. Still regarding the reached results, was verified a mean error of 1.75% for the predicted resonance frequency, which validates the design procedure. The experimental results are in good agreement with the full-wave computational results and electromagnetic theory.
{"title":"Determining a Perturbation Factor to Design Tunable Resonant Cavities in SIW Technology","authors":"R. C. Caleffo, F. S. Correra","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1268339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1268339","url":null,"abstract":"— This paper presents an effective and novel design procedure employing a novelty named as Perturbation Factor to predict the resonance frequency of resonant cavities in SIW technology perturbed by a shape perturbation. The design procedure can be applied in tunable cavities and bandpass filters with shunt reactance of symmetrical inductive window, and regarding the application technologies, rectangular waveguide resonators and resonant cavities in SIW can be employed due to the equivalence of operation between both technologies. Its straightforward application allows a frequency variation of up to 20% using only one metal post which allows the reduction of the fabrication cost and the preservation of the frequency response across the considered bandwidth. To validate the design procedure, two resonant cavities were fabricated, a rectangular resonant cavity designed to operate at 5.0 GHz and 6.0 GHz and a square resonant cavity designed to operate at 6.0 GHz and 7.2 GHz, and frequency variations of 17.74% and 21.81% were obtained for the rectangular and square cavities, respectively. Still regarding the reached results, was verified a mean error of 1.75% for the predicted resonance frequency, which validates the design procedure. The experimental results are in good agreement with the full-wave computational results and electromagnetic theory.","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42385512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1267791
Jônatas P. Américo, J. Leite, Cristian F. Mazzola
− The lack of data is a hindrance to the experimental determination of magnetic cores characteristics. This work presents a non-invasive and field-applicable methodology for electromagnetic devices characterization. Based on fundamental equations of electromagnetism and routine tests, the methodology was applied to obtain, at low frequency: the core loss separation, the hysteresis loop and its BH curve of a three-phase dry core-type transformer. The required equipment and the procedures to do the characterization are presented and discussed. The results were compared with experimental data obtained from tests that were carried out on the same material using a Single Sheet Tester device. The results show a difference in losses of 4.9% for hysteresis, 1.5% for dynamic, and 3.3% for total losses. In the no-load test comparison there was a difference of 4% for dynamics and 1.8% in total losses. The proposed methodology can be applied to different magnetic core types as well as to single-phase transformers and reactors.
{"title":"A Non-Invasive Methodology for Magnetic Characterization of Transformers and Reactors","authors":"Jônatas P. Américo, J. Leite, Cristian F. Mazzola","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1267791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1267791","url":null,"abstract":"− The lack of data is a hindrance to the experimental determination of magnetic cores characteristics. This work presents a non-invasive and field-applicable methodology for electromagnetic devices characterization. Based on fundamental equations of electromagnetism and routine tests, the methodology was applied to obtain, at low frequency: the core loss separation, the hysteresis loop and its BH curve of a three-phase dry core-type transformer. The required equipment and the procedures to do the characterization are presented and discussed. The results were compared with experimental data obtained from tests that were carried out on the same material using a Single Sheet Tester device. The results show a difference in losses of 4.9% for hysteresis, 1.5% for dynamic, and 3.3% for total losses. In the no-load test comparison there was a difference of 4% for dynamics and 1.8% in total losses. The proposed methodology can be applied to different magnetic core types as well as to single-phase transformers and reactors.","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47935631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265837
V. Slyusar, I. Sliusar, Sergey Sheleg
— The article proposes a new type of metamaterial cells (metacells) based on double Moebius strip. In this research, several design options have been considered which applied the variation of the metamaterial cells design and parameters. For their analysis, the Numerical modeling methods in Ansys EM Suite program were used due to the complexity of describing the interaction of metamaterial cells of non-Euclidean geometry with radio waves. Evaluation and comparison of proposed metacells have been held based on the following characteristics: the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability as a function of frequency. Results of the researches have demonstrated the possibility of realization of double negative metamaterial (DNG) mode in the metamaterial cells based on the double Moebius strip. The strip width, its thickness, the interstrip gap, as well as the radius of the cylinder within which the metamaterial cell may be enabled, were used as mechanical parameters of the metacells. It is essential that 10-fold and more increase of the dimensions of metamaterial cell would be required for the obtainment of the same possibilities based on the classical split ring resonator (SRR). What concerns the entire scope of the potential ring options from among the considered ones, the ring with the internal area in the form of the Star of David provides the widest transmission band in the low frequency DNG mode. The corresponding area extends up to the transition frequency of 720 MHz. Moreover, the singular ring displays the invariance of the space orientation towards the presence of the DNG mode in low frequency region, when being used as the basis for the metacell.
--本文提出了一种基于双Moebius带的新型超材料电池（元电池）。在这项研究中，考虑了几种设计方案，这些方案应用了超材料单元设计和参数的变化。对于他们的分析，由于描述非欧几里得几何的超材料单元与无线电波的相互作用的复杂性，使用了Ansys EM Suite程序中的数值建模方法。基于以下特性对所提出的元胞进行了评估和比较：作为频率函数的介电常数和磁导率。研究结果证明了在基于双Moebius带的超材料单元中实现双负超材料（DNG）模式的可能性。条带宽度、厚度、条带间间隙以及可以启用超材料单元的圆柱体的半径被用作元单元的机械参数。至关重要的是，为了获得基于经典开口环谐振器（SRR）的相同可能性，需要将超材料单元的尺寸增加10倍甚至更多。在所考虑的环选项中，与潜在环选项的整个范围有关的是，具有大卫之星形式的内部区域的环在低频DNG模式中提供了最宽的传输频带。相应的区域延伸到720MHz的转换频率。此外，当用作元胞的基础时，奇异环在低频区域中显示出空间方向对DNG模式存在的不变性。
{"title":"Double Negative Metamaterial Based on Moebius Strip","authors":"V. Slyusar, I. Sliusar, Sergey Sheleg","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265837","url":null,"abstract":"— The article proposes a new type of metamaterial cells (metacells) based on double Moebius strip. In this research, several design options have been considered which applied the variation of the metamaterial cells design and parameters. For their analysis, the Numerical modeling methods in Ansys EM Suite program were used due to the complexity of describing the interaction of metamaterial cells of non-Euclidean geometry with radio waves. Evaluation and comparison of proposed metacells have been held based on the following characteristics: the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability as a function of frequency. Results of the researches have demonstrated the possibility of realization of double negative metamaterial (DNG) mode in the metamaterial cells based on the double Moebius strip. The strip width, its thickness, the interstrip gap, as well as the radius of the cylinder within which the metamaterial cell may be enabled, were used as mechanical parameters of the metacells. It is essential that 10-fold and more increase of the dimensions of metamaterial cell would be required for the obtainment of the same possibilities based on the classical split ring resonator (SRR). What concerns the entire scope of the potential ring options from among the considered ones, the ring with the internal area in the form of the Star of David provides the widest transmission band in the low frequency DNG mode. The corresponding area extends up to the transition frequency of 720 MHz. Moreover, the singular ring displays the invariance of the space orientation towards the presence of the DNG mode in low frequency region, when being used as the basis for the metacell.","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44798626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265710
A. Verma, S. Patil, Anil Kumar Singh, A. Pandey
—In this article, a novel Compact Circularly Polarized Antenna with a notched circular Electromagnetic Band Gap (NCEBG) structure is put forward. This proposed structure comprises of a truncated rectangular patch antenna having its ground plane defected by slots etched on it to achieve compactness and wide impedance bandwidth. Electromagnetic Band Gap structures have the attractive feature of in-phase reflection and stopband creation for surface waves, enabling the surface waves to be suppressed; this, in turn, leads to enhanced performance of the antenna when loaded with such structures. For enhancing the functioning of the antenna with regard to its impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth and gain, seven NCEBG’s are etched on the substrate which surrounds the truncated patch. Additionally, the antenna proposed in this research exhibits compactness with a low profile of 0.473 λo x 0.473 λo x 0.039 λo (λo at center frequency of 7.46GHz represents free space wavelength). The measured outcomes of the prototype-fabricated antenna match well with the results of the simulation, showing 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 13.66% and an impedance bandwidth of 73.29% having a peak gain of 7.32dBi in the operating band. The improved functioning of the proposed antenna marks it as a favorable applicant for wireless communication techniques and thus finding its application in various ways.
--本文提出了一种新型圆形缺口电磁带隙结构的紧凑型圆极化天线（NCEBG）。这种提出的结构包括一个截头矩形贴片天线，其接地平面被蚀刻在其上的缝隙所缺陷，以实现紧凑性和宽阻抗带宽。电磁带隙结构具有对表面波进行同相反射和阻带产生的吸引人的特征，使表面波能够被抑制；这反过来又导致当加载有这样的结构时天线的性能增强。为了增强天线在阻抗带宽、轴比带宽和增益方面的功能，在截断贴片周围的基板上蚀刻了七个NCEBG。此外，本研究中提出的天线表现出紧凑性，具有0.473λo x 0.473λox 0.039λo的低轮廓（7.46GHz中心频率的λo表示自由空间波长）。原型制造的天线的测量结果与模拟结果吻合良好，显示出在工作频带内具有7.32dBi的峰值增益的3-dB轴比带宽为13.66%，阻抗带宽为73.29%。所提出的天线功能的改进标志着它是无线通信技术的有利申请人，从而发现了它在各种方面的应用。
{"title":"Notched Circular EBG based Circularly Polarized Antenna for Performance Enhancement","authors":"A. Verma, S. Patil, Anil Kumar Singh, A. Pandey","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265710","url":null,"abstract":"—In this article, a novel Compact Circularly Polarized Antenna with a notched circular Electromagnetic Band Gap (NCEBG) structure is put forward. This proposed structure comprises of a truncated rectangular patch antenna having its ground plane defected by slots etched on it to achieve compactness and wide impedance bandwidth. Electromagnetic Band Gap structures have the attractive feature of in-phase reflection and stopband creation for surface waves, enabling the surface waves to be suppressed; this, in turn, leads to enhanced performance of the antenna when loaded with such structures. For enhancing the functioning of the antenna with regard to its impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth and gain, seven NCEBG’s are etched on the substrate which surrounds the truncated patch. Additionally, the antenna proposed in this research exhibits compactness with a low profile of 0.473 λo x 0.473 λo x 0.039 λo (λo at center frequency of 7.46GHz represents free space wavelength). The measured outcomes of the prototype-fabricated antenna match well with the results of the simulation, showing 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 13.66% and an impedance bandwidth of 73.29% having a peak gain of 7.32dBi in the operating band. The improved functioning of the proposed antenna marks it as a favorable applicant for wireless communication techniques and thus finding its application in various ways.","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45539448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270773
A. Cruz, Wêndria Cunha, T. Rosso, V. Dmitriev, K. Costa
− In this paper, we present a spectral analysis of a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor based on multilayer graphene (MLG) operating as a terahertz refractometer. This device’s structure is based on Kretschmann configuration, and the graphene layers are modeled as surface impedances with conductivity described by the Kubo model. The structure’s electromagnetic response is obtained from the Generalized Coefficients Model, considering TM excitation performed in a frequency range from 1 to 4Thz. In this approach, we evaluate the sensor response for two, three, four and five layers of graphene, equally doped. To verify the effects of MLG doping, we varied the chemical potential by 0.35eV and 0.70eV. As a result, we present the plasmonic response of the device, verifying the operating frequency range for each case of multilayer graphene. In addition, the sensitivity, FWHM and Figure of Merit (FOM) are calculated to describe the sensor performance in each demonstrated case. From the results presented, we verified that the increase in doping reduces the sensitivity of the sensor, however, it improves its FOM. The validation of the proposed model was carried out from simulations in a software based on the Finite Element Method.
{"title":"Spectral Analysis of a SPR Sensor based on Multilayer Graphene in the Far Infrared Range","authors":"A. Cruz, Wêndria Cunha, T. Rosso, V. Dmitriev, K. Costa","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270773","url":null,"abstract":"− In this paper, we present a spectral analysis of a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor based on multilayer graphene (MLG) operating as a terahertz refractometer. This device’s structure is based on Kretschmann configuration, and the graphene layers are modeled as surface impedances with conductivity described by the Kubo model. The structure’s electromagnetic response is obtained from the Generalized Coefficients Model, considering TM excitation performed in a frequency range from 1 to 4Thz. In this approach, we evaluate the sensor response for two, three, four and five layers of graphene, equally doped. To verify the effects of MLG doping, we varied the chemical potential by 0.35eV and 0.70eV. As a result, we present the plasmonic response of the device, verifying the operating frequency range for each case of multilayer graphene. In addition, the sensitivity, FWHM and Figure of Merit (FOM) are calculated to describe the sensor performance in each demonstrated case. From the results presented, we verified that the increase in doping reduces the sensitivity of the sensor, however, it improves its FOM. The validation of the proposed model was carried out from simulations in a software based on the Finite Element Method.","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47398542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265391
A. Ozcáriz, G. Weber, D. F. Gomes, I. B. V. Costa, José Rodolfo Galvão, Victor Matheus Martins, D. Pipa, M. J. Silva, J. Silva, C. Zamarreño, C. Martelli
— In this work, measuring capabilities of a Sagnac Interferometer-based Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor (DOFS) system are demonstrated by comparing its results to a conventional amplitude-based Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system. Through a set of three different experiments, it was demonstrated that both sensing systems can detect and locate dynamical deformation along the fiber, in addition to determining its frequency components. The coherent amplitude-based DAS presented a lower background noise. In contrast, even though the Sagnac interferometry-based system presented low-frequency noise in the measurements, it is less susceptible to harmonic distortion for higher amplitude deformations since its sensing principles rely on the measurement of the accumulated phase rather than the amplitude of the backscattered signal purely. Accordingly, the Sagnac interferometry-based system arises as a promising and rather accessible topology for a DOFS implementation
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Distributed Optical Fiber Vibration Sensor Based on a Sagnac Interferometer","authors":"A. Ozcáriz, G. Weber, D. F. Gomes, I. B. V. Costa, José Rodolfo Galvão, Victor Matheus Martins, D. Pipa, M. J. Silva, J. Silva, C. Zamarreño, C. Martelli","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1265391","url":null,"abstract":"— In this work, measuring capabilities of a Sagnac Interferometer-based Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor (DOFS) system are demonstrated by comparing its results to a conventional amplitude-based Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) system. Through a set of three different experiments, it was demonstrated that both sensing systems can detect and locate dynamical deformation along the fiber, in addition to determining its frequency components. The coherent amplitude-based DAS presented a lower background noise. In contrast, even though the Sagnac interferometry-based system presented low-frequency noise in the measurements, it is less susceptible to harmonic distortion for higher amplitude deformations since its sensing principles rely on the measurement of the accumulated phase rather than the amplitude of the backscattered signal purely. Accordingly, the Sagnac interferometry-based system arises as a promising and rather accessible topology for a DOFS implementation","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43458552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270779
L. A. M. Pereira, E. S. Lima, L. Mendes, Arismar Cerqueira S. Jr.
− The advent of the 5th generation of mobile networks brought a large number of new use case and applications to be supported by the physical layer (PHY), which must be more flexible than all previous radio access networks (RAN). The concept of the centralized RAN (C-RAN) allows all the baseband processing to be performed in the central office, simplifying the network deployment and also allowing the operators to dynamically control the PHY according with the applications requirements. The radio-frequency (RF) signal generated by the C-RAN can be transported to the remote radio unit (RRU) by using a radio over fiber (RoF) system. In this paper, we propose two RoF approaches for composing the transport and access networks of the next-generation systems. The first investigation relies on the implementation of a machine learning-based digital pre-distortion (DPD), designed for RoF systems. In the second approach, we implement an RoF system and characterize the optical and electrical power levels aiming to reduce the RoF non-linear distortions. The overall link performance is evaluated by measuring the error vector magnitude (EVM RMS ) and 590 Mbit/s is achieved with EVM RMS as low as 4.4% in a 10 m reach cell.
{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Digital Pre-Distortion Scheme for RoF Systems and Experimental 5G mm-waves Fiber-Wireless Implementation","authors":"L. A. M. Pereira, E. S. Lima, L. Mendes, Arismar Cerqueira S. Jr.","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270779","url":null,"abstract":"− The advent of the 5th generation of mobile networks brought a large number of new use case and applications to be supported by the physical layer (PHY), which must be more flexible than all previous radio access networks (RAN). The concept of the centralized RAN (C-RAN) allows all the baseband processing to be performed in the central office, simplifying the network deployment and also allowing the operators to dynamically control the PHY according with the applications requirements. The radio-frequency (RF) signal generated by the C-RAN can be transported to the remote radio unit (RRU) by using a radio over fiber (RoF) system. In this paper, we propose two RoF approaches for composing the transport and access networks of the next-generation systems. The first investigation relies on the implementation of a machine learning-based digital pre-distortion (DPD), designed for RoF systems. In the second approach, we implement an RoF system and characterize the optical and electrical power levels aiming to reduce the RoF non-linear distortions. The overall link performance is evaluated by measuring the error vector magnitude (EVM RMS ) and 590 Mbit/s is achieved with EVM RMS as low as 4.4% in a 10 m reach cell.","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42313830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270780
L. C. Souza, E. S. Lima, E. R. Neto, Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior
− We propose and experimentally investigate two distinct power-over-Fiber (PoF) approaches, aiming to remotely power Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensing systems for Industry 4.0 environments. The first proof-of-concept is focused on demonstrating a 1-W optical power transmission through a 50-m-fiber-optic link for powering an Arduino Uno, a temperature sensor (DS1820B), and a 433-MHz transceiver (FS1000A). The designed PoF link is able to provide up to 280 mW with power transmission efficiency (PTE) of 28.9%. The second implementation is based on a 100-m PoF link capable of transmitting over 0.6-W optical power and delivering 140-mW electrical power with PTE of 23%. In this scheme, an Arduino Pro Mini, another temperature sensor (LM35), and a 2.4-GHz transceiver (nRF24L01+) are employed. A voltage stability analysis enables to demonstrate that our PoF system is capable of delivering stable output voltage at 8.5 V and 5 V, with only 0.6% and 0.2% voltage fluctuations. In addition, an industrial oven is employed to evaluate the sensor performance considering temperature measurements from both sensing systems. The obtained results demonstrate that PoF might be considered as a
{"title":"Implementation of PoF-powered IoT Sensing Systems for Industry 4.0","authors":"L. C. Souza, E. S. Lima, E. R. Neto, Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270780","url":null,"abstract":"− We propose and experimentally investigate two distinct power-over-Fiber (PoF) approaches, aiming to remotely power Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensing systems for Industry 4.0 environments. The first proof-of-concept is focused on demonstrating a 1-W optical power transmission through a 50-m-fiber-optic link for powering an Arduino Uno, a temperature sensor (DS1820B), and a 433-MHz transceiver (FS1000A). The designed PoF link is able to provide up to 280 mW with power transmission efficiency (PTE) of 28.9%. The second implementation is based on a 100-m PoF link capable of transmitting over 0.6-W optical power and delivering 140-mW electrical power with PTE of 23%. In this scheme, an Arduino Pro Mini, another temperature sensor (LM35), and a 2.4-GHz transceiver (nRF24L01+) are employed. A voltage stability analysis enables to demonstrate that our PoF system is capable of delivering stable output voltage at 8.5 V and 5 V, with only 0.6% and 0.2% voltage fluctuations. In addition, an industrial oven is employed to evaluate the sensor performance considering temperature measurements from both sensing systems. The obtained results demonstrate that PoF might be considered as a","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48909183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1260442
Thamyris da Silva Evangelista, D. F. Mamedes, J. C. Silva, A. Serres, A. Gomes Neto
— This work presents the development of a reconfigurable frequency selective surface (RFSS) for application in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band, standard IEEE 802.11b/g/n (Wi-Fi). The proposed RFSS is based on the four-arms star geometry and PIN diodes were used as switching elements. In the initial design, numerical and measured results, especially for y polarization, PIN diode on-state, shown a difference of 15% for the resonant frequency. To overcome this drawback, a scaling factor was adopted and RFSS was redesigned and characterized, achieving the desired frequency response.
{"title":"A Reconfigurable Frequency Selective Surface for Wi-Fi Application","authors":"Thamyris da Silva Evangelista, D. F. Mamedes, J. C. Silva, A. Serres, A. Gomes Neto","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1260442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1260442","url":null,"abstract":"— This work presents the development of a reconfigurable frequency selective surface (RFSS) for application in the 2400-2483.5 MHz band, standard IEEE 802.11b/g/n (Wi-Fi). The proposed RFSS is based on the four-arms star geometry and PIN diodes were used as switching elements. In the initial design, numerical and measured results, especially for y polarization, PIN diode on-state, shown a difference of 15% for the resonant frequency. To overcome this drawback, a scaling factor was adopted and RFSS was redesigned and characterized, achieving the desired frequency response.","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46039724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270775
Daniel Benetti, E. H. Dureck, U. Dreyer, A. Lazzaretti, D. Pipa, J. Silva
— Vibration analysis systems are used to assess the operational condition of machines and electromechanical components in various applications. This work presents a measurement and feature extraction system that analyzes dynamic strain patterns in signals measured by fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The features were used to identify different simulated operational conditions in an electromechanical relay. The selection of the best feature space in the first approach was performed by statistical criteria that determine the threshold values and frequency bands to calculate each signal’s switching time and power spectral density (PSD). These parameters are used in the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, which presents 98 % accuracy for distinguishing four distinct conditions. Another methodology for extracting features, called wavelet scattering transform (WST), was used to demonstrate that it is possible to achieve even better performance levels. The results allow extending the methodology to more complex systems.
{"title":"Features Extraction for Classification in Switching Devices using Fiber Bragg Grating","authors":"Daniel Benetti, E. H. Dureck, U. Dreyer, A. Lazzaretti, D. Pipa, J. Silva","doi":"10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742023v22i1270775","url":null,"abstract":"— Vibration analysis systems are used to assess the operational condition of machines and electromechanical components in various applications. This work presents a measurement and feature extraction system that analyzes dynamic strain patterns in signals measured by fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The features were used to identify different simulated operational conditions in an electromechanical relay. The selection of the best feature space in the first approach was performed by statistical criteria that determine the threshold values and frequency bands to calculate each signal’s switching time and power spectral density (PSD). These parameters are used in the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, which presents 98 % accuracy for distinguishing four distinct conditions. Another methodology for extracting features, called wavelet scattering transform (WST), was used to demonstrate that it is possible to achieve even better performance levels. The results allow extending the methodology to more complex systems.","PeriodicalId":53567,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44774178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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