Eurasian Journal of Medicine最新文献

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the vaccine hesitancy, psychological resilience, and anxiety levels of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 676 nurses working at the survey time. Sociodemographic features, the status of hesitancy against the COVID-19 vaccine, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Brief Resilience Scale were used in the questionnaire form to collect the data.

Results: Most participants (68.6%; n=464) stated they were hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine. A sig- nificantly higher rate of hesitancy was detected in the age group of 20-39 years, those who did not have COVID-19 vaccine, and those who did not think the COVID-19 vaccine is protective (P < .05). It was determined that 6.8% (n=46) of the nurses had COVID-19 anxiety. A significantly higher rate of anxiety was detected in the age group of 40 years and older, those working in the emergency department, and those working in the COVID-19 unit during the pandemic period (P < .05). The median Brief Resilience Scale score of nurses is 19(6). A negative, weak, and significant relationship was found between the Brief Resilience Scale and Coronavirus Anxiety Scale scores (P = .001).

Conclusion: During the pandemic, higher rates of anxiety were detected in healthcare personnel and those working in COVID-19 units. It was also found that as the level of anxiety increased, the level of psychological resilience decreased. To reduce the anxiety level and strengthen the psychological resilience of nurses, the cornerstones of the health system, fast, effective, and curative interventions should be made.

Objective: Lutetium-177 prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 is a novel alternative therapeutic option in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, especially useful for patients who do not respond to standard therapy methods. The aim of this study was to define the efficacy and safety profile of lutetium-177 prostate- specific membrane antigen-617 treatment in a group of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Materials and methods: Study group included 34 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (median, 69.6 ± 7.7 years) who were treated with lutetium-177 prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 therapy (22/34; 4 courses, 12/34; 2 courses). Patients were evaluated by physical examination, Eastern coop- erative oncology group performance status, gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emis- sion tomography/computed tomography, brief pain inventory-short form questionnaire, biochemical tests, and complete blood counts. Treatment response and adverse effects were examined by brief pain inventory scores, SUVmax values, biochemical tests, and complete blood counts. Independent variables were analyzed statistically (significance; P < .05).

Results: The Eastern cooperative oncology group performance was grade 0 in 5/34 (14.7%), grade 1 in 25/34 (73.5%), and grade 2 in 4/34 (11.8%) patients. Distribution of patient numbers according to brief pain inven- tory scores (score: <1, scores: 1-4, and scores: 5-10) was 2, 10 and 22 at the beginning, 6, 16 and 12 after the second course, and 10, 10 and 2 after the fourth course of treatment, respectively. Serum prostate-specific antigen decreased in 15 of 22 patients (68%) (P < .05). Before and after the treatment, we found a substan- tial decrease in SUVmax values (22.3 vs. 11.8, P < .001) and brief pain inventory scores (score ≥ 5; 22/34 pts vs. 0/22 pts). The counts of white blood cells (P < .05), hemoglobin (P < .05), and thrombocytes (P = .001) were all significantly lower at the conclusion of the therapy. The most important adverse events were severe leukopenia (1/34 pts; 2.29 × 103/μL) and thrombocytopenia (3/34 pts; 32 000, 36 000, 32 000 106/L). Q1 Conclusion: We found that lutetium-177 prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 therapy is a promising treatment method for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who are unresponsive to conventional therapy, according to our biochemical, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and pain score outcomes.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effects of nicotinamide riboside on oxidative stress in an experimental sepsis model created by cecal ligation and puncture.

Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: sham-operated (control) group, sep- sis group, and nicotinamide riboside-treated group. Sepsis model-induced cecal ligation and puncture was applied to sepsis group rats. Animals in the nicotinamide riboside-treated group were administered nicotin- amide riboside intraperitoneally (500 mg/kg). Tissue specimens from rats were biochemically calculated for their activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and malondialde- hyde levels. Ovarian tissues of all rats were histopathologically evaluated.

Results: Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were lower in the sepsis group compared to the sham-operated (control) group. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the nicotinamide riboside-treated group than in control and sepsis group (P <.05). Myeloperoxidase activi- ties and mean malondialdehyde concentration of ovarian tissue were lower in nicotinamide riboside-treated group than in sepsis group (P<.05). The light microscopic assessment revealed that ovarian tissue was protected, and inflammation and interstitial edema decreased in nicotinamide riboside-treated group. The follicular damage findings were notably decreased in nicotinamide riboside-treated group in comparison to sepsis group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings indicated that nicotinamide riboside diminished ovarian injury in sepsis via inhibiting tissue infiltration and increasing endogenous antioxidant capacity. Nicotinamide riboside administration may represent a new treatment approach for the prevention of sepsis-induced ovarian injury.

Objective: Surgical excisional biopsy is accepted as the standard of care approach in the diagnosis of lympho- mas. Financial issues related to the increased cost and the invasive nature of the procedure forced physicians to use some alternative diagnostic methods. Percutaneous core needle biopsy, which gained a reputation for the diagnosis of lymphomas with the advent of improved pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis, made it possible to have an accurate diagnosis with limited tissue samples. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic yield of surgical excisional biopsy and core needle biopsy.

Materials and methods: This study included 131 patients who were diagnosed with lymphoma with a nodal biopsy which was acquired via surgical excisional biopsy or core needle biopsy between 2014 and 2020 in our center. Around 68 patients underwent surgical excisional biopsy and the remaining 63 underwent core needle biopsy. Samples that allowed to the identification of the exact tumor type and/or subtype were accepted as fully diagnostic. Sufficient amount of tissue that the pathologist could have any suspicious findings considering malignant lymphoma was classified as partial diagnostic group. Inadequate samples were the ones who were not enough to report any final diagnosis.

Results: The patients who underwent a core needle biopsy were significantly older than the patients who underwent to surgical excisional biopsy (56.8 vs. 47.6, P = .003). Despite the full diagnostic ability of surgical excisional biopsy outperformed core needle biopsy (95.2 % vs. 83.8 %, P=.035), in 92.6% of the patients whose tissue samples were obtained via core needle biopsy were accepted to have a sufficient diagnosis to initiate the treatment and not required a second biopsy, which was comparable with the ones achieved by surgical excisional biopsy (92.6% vs. 95.2%, P = .720).

Conclusion: According to the results obtained in our study, we may conclude that core needle biopsy is a viable and comparable alternative to surgical excisional biopsy, offering a less invasive and less-expansive approach.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic and related deaths affected the number of admissions of patients to hospitals. However, no study has been found that examines the short and long-term psychological effects of children or their possible psychiatric admissions to hospitals during the pandemic period. In this context, the study aims to analyze the behaviors of individuals under the age of 18 in their health service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Materials and method: For the study, whether the pandemic and psychiatry department (PSY) admissions affect the pediatrics department (PD) and pediatric emergency department (PED) admissions of children was investigated. The sample was taken from hospitals in Sivas between 2019 and 2021. Autoregressive dis- tributed lag (ARDL) model is applied. The ARDL is an econometric method that can estimate the existence of the long-term correlations (cointegration) of variables and the short and long-term effects of explanatory variables on the dependent variable.

Results: In the PED application model, the number of deaths, representing the impact of the pandemic, decreased the number of PED applications, while the number of vaccinations increased. On the other hand, applications to the PSY decreased in the short term, but increased in the long term. In the model of pediatric department admissions, in the long term, the number of new COVID-19 cases has decreased the number of PD admissions, while the number of vaccines has increased. While applications made to PSY in the short term have decreased the applications of PD, they have increased in the long term. As a result, the pandemic decreased both children's department admissions. In addition, admissions to PSY, which had greatly decreased in the short term, increased rapidly in the long term.

Conclusion: Providing psychological support to both children and adolescents and their guardians during and after the pandemic should be included in planning.

Objective: Blood groups are associated with duodenal ulcer, diabetes mellitus, and urinary tract infection. In some studies, a relationship was detected between hematologic and solid organ malignancies and blood groups. In this study, we investigated the frequency and phenotypes of blood groups (ABO, Kell, Duffy, Rh) in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Materials and methods: One hundred sixty-one patients with hematologic malignancy (multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelocytic leukemia) and 41 healthy people were evaluated prospectively. We determined phenotypes and distribution of ABO, Rh, Kell, and Duffy blood groups in all cases. Chi-square test and 1-way variance analysis were used for statistical analysis. P < .05 value was considered statistically significant.

Results: In patients with multiple myeloma, the A blood group was statistically significantly more frequent than in the control group (P = .021). Rh negativity was found more frequent in patients with hematologic malignancy than the control group (P = .009). Kpa and Kpb antigen positivity were found statistically significantly less frequent in patients with hematologic malignancy (P = .013, P = .007; respectively). Fy (a-b-) and K-k+ phenotypes were higher in patients with hematologic cancer than in the control group (P = .045).

Conclusion: We determined a significant relationship between hematologic malignancies and blood group systems. In our study, due to the low number of cases and few hematological malignancy types, extensive studies with more cases and more hematologic cancer types are needed.

Objective: Autosomal and sex chromosome aneuploidies are associated with multiple risk factors that determine their frequency and their social and health impact. We aimed to determine the clinical, phenotypic, and demographic characteristics of Peruvian children and neonates with autosomal and sex chromosome aneuploidies.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on 510 pediatric patients. We conducted a cytogenetic analysis with G-bands by trypsin using Giemsa (GTG) banding, and the results were reported using the International System for Cytogenetics Nomenclature 2013 system.

Results: Of 399 children (mean age 2.1 ± 4 years), 84 (16.47%) had aneuploidies, with 86.90% being autosomal (73.81% trisomies). In autosomal aneuploidies, 67.85% (n = 57) of the children had Down syndrome where the most common cause was free trisomy 21 (52 cases, 61.91%), followed by Robertsonian translocation (4 cases, 4.76%). Edwards and Patau syndrome affected 4 (4.76%) and 1 (1.19%) neonate. The most frequent phenotypic characteristics in children with Down syndrome were Down syndrome-like facies (45.61%) and macroglossia (19.29%). Of sex chromosome aneuploidies, 6/7 were abnormalities of the X chromosome (mainly 45,X). Neonate's age (19 ± 44.9 months), paternal age (49 ± 9 years), height (93.4 ± 176 cm), and gestational age (30 ± 15.4 weeks) were significantly correlated with the presence of sex chromosome and autosomal aneuploidies (P < .001; P = .025; and P = .001).

Conclusions: Down syndrome and Turner's syndrome were the most frequent aneuploidy and sex chromosome aneuploidy, respectively. In addition, some of the clinical, phenotypic, and demographic characteristics, such as newborn's age, paternal age, gestational age, and height, were significantly correlated with the occurrence of aneuploidy. In this sense, these characteristics could be considered risk factors among this population.