Eurasian Journal of Medicine最新文献

Objective: Suicidal attempts and self-injurious behavior are major public health concerns, and they are strong predictors of death in youths worldwide. Given the risk of death, there is an urgent need to understand the differences and identify effective interventions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the predictors associated with non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts among adolescents.

Materials and methods: The study recruited a total of 61 adolescents aged 12-18 years, with suicide attempts (n=32) and non-suicidal self-injury (n=29). Turgay Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Screening and Rating Scale-Parent form, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Beck Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventory assessment scales were applied. All participants were interviewed with the structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition.

Results: The adolescents with the suicide attempts were found to have lower self-esteem, higher depression, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity scores than the group with non-suicidal self-injury. Higher inattention scores and rural residency were positively and significantly associated with suicide attempts, adjusting for other discrimination types (odds ratio=1.250, 95% CI=1.024-1.526; odds ratio=4.656, 95% CI=1.157-18.735).

Conclusion: This study shows that some clinical psychiatric factors may be helpful in distinguishing adolescents with suicide attempts from adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury. Future research is needed to determine the predictive role of these variables in distinguishing suicidal attempts from self-injurious behavior.

Objective: We investigated the presence of thromboembolism that may develop in hippocampal arteries due to decreased cerebrospinal fluid volume because of choroid plexus damage caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Materials and methods: Twenty-four rabbits were included as test subjects in this study. The study group comprised 14 test subjects administered autologous blood (0.5 mL). Coronary sections of the temporal uncus were prepared to observe the choroid plexus and the hippocampus together. Cellular shrinkage, darkening, halo formation, and ciliary element loss were considered criteria for degeneration. Blood-brain barriers were also examined in the hippocampus. The density of degenerated epithelial cells in the choroid plexus (n/mm3 ) and thromboembolisms in the hippocampal arteries (n/cm2 ) were compared statistically.

Results: Histopathological examination revealed that the number of degenerated epithelial cells in the choroid plexus and the number of thromboembolisms in the hippocampal arteries were 7 ± 2 and 1 ± 1 in group 1, 16 ± 4 and 3 ± 1 in group 2, and 64 ± 9 and 6 ± 2 in group 3, respectively. The significance levels were P < .005 for group 1 vs. group 2, P < .0005 for group 2 vs. group 3, and P < .00001 for group 1 vs. group 3.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that decreased cerebrospinal fluid volume induced by choroid plexus degeneration causes cerebral thromboembolism following subarachnoid hemorrhage, which has not been previously described.

Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells are used in various fields, such as cellular therapy, regeneration, or tissue engineering. It has been shown that they exhibit many protective factors and also work as a modulating chief within the region in which they are administered. There are studies on both the therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Also, there are many studies on the improvement of culture conditions for in vitro reproduction of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be obtained from many sources in various bodies, such as adipose tissue and Wharton's jelly. Improving and standardizing these culture conditions will increase the effectiveness and reliability of stem cell therapies. Studies evaluating many culture conditions, such as O2 level, type of medium, monolayer culture, and the transition from in vitro 3D models, are ongoing.

Materials and methods: In our study, groups were formed by using stem cells originating from adipose tissue and Wharton's jelly. Stem cell cultures were made using Hillex-II and Pronectin-F microcarriers. Cell culture O2 level was adjusted as 1% and 5% for each group separately. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in stem cell culture fluid.

Results: The highest brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in mesenchymal stem cells culture medium was observed in an adipose-derived stem cell culture with an in vitro fertilization (non-treated) dish, using a Hillex microcarrier in a 1% O2 microenvironment.

Conclusion: As a result of our observations, we think that cells could exhibit greater therapeutic potential in a dynamic adhesion environment.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of topical 5% hesperidin application on healing.

Materials and methods: After 48 rats were randomized and divided into 7 groups, on the first day, an epithelial defect was created in the center of the cornea with the help of microkeratome under intraperitoneal ketamine+xylazine and topical 5% proparacaine anesthesia for the groups to be infected with keratitis according to the groups mentioned below. An amount of 0.05 mL of the solution containing 108 colony-forming units/ mL Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-ATC27853) will be taken and inoculated per rat. At the end of the 3 days incubation period, rats with keratitis will be added to the groups, and active substances and antibiotics will be given topically together with other groups for 10 days. At the end of the study, the ocular tissues of the rats will be removed and examined histopathologically.

Results: A clinically significant reduction in inflammation was detected in the groups using hesperidin. No transforming growth factor-β1 staining was detected in the group in which keratitis+hesperidin was treated topically. In the group in which hesperidin toxicity was examined, mild inflammation and thickening of the corneal stroma layer were observed, and it was evaluated as a negative transforming growth factor-β1 expression in the lacrimal gland tissue. Corneal epithelial damage was minimal in the keratitis group, and the toxicity group was treated with only hesperidin when compared to the other groups.

Conclusion: Topical hesperidin drops may be an important therapeutic factor in tissue healing and in the fight against inflammation in the treatment of keratitis.

Objective: The aim of this prospective randomized controlled study was to compare the effectiveness and accuracy of the ultrasound- and fluoroscopy-guided S1 transforaminal epidural injection combined with pulsed radiofrequency in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain caused by S1 nerve involvement.

Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients were randomized into 2 groups. Patients received S1 transforaminal epidural injection combined with pulsed radiofrequency under either ultrasound or fluoroscopy guidance. Primary outcomes were estimated with Visual Analog Scale scores at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included Oswestry Disability Index, Quantitative Analgesic Questionnaire, and patient satisfaction scores during the 6-month follow-up period and procedure-related variables including procedure time and accuracy of the needle replacement.

Results: Both techniques provided significant pain reduction and functional improvement for 6 months compared to baseline (P < .001), without statistical significance between groups at each follow-up point. There was no significant difference in pain medication consumption (P=.441) and patient satisfaction scores (P=.673) between groups. The fluoroscopy guidance for combined transforaminal epidural injection with pulsed radiofrequency at S1 provided a greater accuracy for the cannula replacement (100%) than the ultrasound (93.3%), without significant difference between groups (P=.491).

Conclusion: The ultrasound-guided combined transforaminal epidural injection with pulsed radiofrequency at S1 level is a feasible alternative to fluoroscopy guidance. In this study, we reported that the ultrasoundguided technique resulted in similar treatment benefits including improvement in pain intensity and functionality and reduction in pain medication consumption as those in the fluoroscopy group, while reducing the risk for radiation exposure.

Common noncommunicable diabetes mellitus disease has many complications in several parts of the human body. The oral cavity is one of the areas affected by diabetes mellitus conditions. The most common complications of diabetes mellitus in oral areas include increased drying of the mouth and increased oral diseases resulting from either microbial activity, such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral candidiasis, or physiological problems, such as oral cancer, burning mouth syndrome, and temporomandibular disorders. Diabetes mellitus also has an impact on the diversity and quantity of oral microbiota. Oral infections promoted by diabetes mellitus mainly result from disturbance of the balance between different species of oral microbiota. Some oral species may be positively or negatively correlated with diabetes mellitus, while others may not be affected at all. The most numerous species in the presence of diabetes mellitus are those of phylum Firmicutes of bacteria such as hemolytic Streptococci, Staphylococcus spp., Prevotella spp., Leptotrichia spp., and Veillonella and species of the fungus Candida. Proteobacteria spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. are common microbiota that are negatively impacted by diabetes mellitus. In general, the effect of diabetes mellitus could include all types of oral microbiota, whether it is bacteria or fungi. The 3 types of association between diabetes mellitus and oral microbiota that will be illustrated in this review are increase, decrease, or lack of impact. As final inclusion, a great number of oral microbiota have increased in the presence of diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The transplantation waiting list is getting longer day by day with the spread of lung transplantation and awareness of it. However, the donor pool cannot keep up with this rate. Therefore, nonstandard (marginal) donors are widely used. By studying the lung donors presented at our center, we aimed to raise awareness of the donor shortage and compare clinical outcomes in recipients with standard and marginal donors.

Materials and methods: The data from recipients and donors of lung transplants performed at our center between March 2013 and November 2022 were retrospectively reviewed and recorded. Transplants with ideal and standard donors were classified as group 1, and those with marginal donors were classified as group 2. Primary graft dysfunction rates, intensive care unit, and hospital stay days were compared.

Results: Eighty-nine lung transplants were performed. A total of 46 recipients were in group 1 and 43 were in group 2. There were no differences between groups in the development of stage 3 primary graft dysfunction. However, a significant difference was found in the marginal group for developing any stage primary graft dysfunction. Donors were mostly from the western and southern regions of the country and from the education and research hospitals.

Conclusion: Because of the donor shortage in lung transplantation, transplant teams tend to use marginal donors. Stimulating and supportive education for healthcare professionals to recognize brain death and public education to raise awareness about organ donation are necessary to spread organ donation throughout the country. Although our results using marginal donors are similar with the standard group, each recipient and donor should be assessed individually.

Objective: Acute pancreatitis can cause local or systemic complications and has high morbidity and mortality rates. In the early stages of pancreatitis, a decrease in the barrier function of the intestines and an increase in bacterial translocation are observed. Zonulin is a marker used to evaluate the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. We aimed to investigate whether measuring serum zonulin levels would contribute to the early prediction of complications and severity in acute pancreatitis.

Materials and methods: Our study was an observational, prospective study and included 58 patients with acute pancreatitis and 21 healthy controls. Causes of pancreatitis and serum zonulin levels of the patients at the time they were diagnosed with pancreatitis were recorded. The patients were evaluated in terms of pancreatitis severity, organ dysfunction, complications, sepsis, morbidity, length of hospital stay, and mortality Results: Zonulin levels were higher in the control group and lowest in the severe pancreatitis group. No significant difference was observed in zonulin levels according to disease severity. There was no significant difference between zonulin levels in patients who developed organ dysfunction or sepsis. In patients with acute pancreatitis complications, zonulin levels were found to be significantly lower with a mean of 8.6 ng/mL (P < .02).

Conclusion: Zonulin levels are not a guide in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, in determining its severity, and in the development of sepsis and organ dysfunction. The zonulin level at the time of diagnosis may be helpful in predicting complicated acute pancreatitis. Zonulin levels are not effective in demonstrating necrosis or infected necrosis.

Objective: Elevated factor VIII has been shown to be an independent risk factor for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It has been suggested that increased factor VIII levels by itself is insufficient to cause thrombosis; however, increased factor VIII with other risk factors could increase the risk of thrombosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the factor VIII level with regard to the type of thrombosis and patient's risk factors such as age or comorbidity.

Materials and methods: In total, 441 patients who were referred for thrombophilia testing from the period of January 2010 to December 2020 were included in the study. The patients who developed the first thrombosis before the age of 50 were eligible for the study. The patients' data that were used in statistical analyses were collected from our thrombophilia register.

Results: The number of the subjects with increased factor VIII over 1.5 IU/mL is equal regardless of the thrombosis type. Factor VIII activity already begins to increase over 40 years old and reaches the mean values of 1.45 IU/mL close to the cut-off (1.5 IU/mL), showing a statistically significant difference compared to those under 40, P = .001. Comorbidities other than thyroid disease or malignancy had no influence on the increase of factor VIII. In the mentioned conditions, the average factor VIII of 1.82 (0.79) and 1.65 (0.43) was obtained, respectively.

Conclusion: Factor VIII activity is significantly affected by age. Thrombosis type and comorbid diseases other than thyroid disease and malignancy had no effect on factor VIII.

Objective: Hypoxia in the pulpitis process, the use of bleaching agents, and resin-containing materials produce reactive oxygen species. Their damage to the pulp tissue can be eliminated by melatonin and oxyresveratrol. However, the cytotoxic effects of these antioxidants on dental pulp stem cells are not well known. The aim of this study was to observe the cytotoxic effects of melatonin and oxyresveratrol for 72 hours on dental pulp stem cells.

Materials and methods: Human dental pulp stem cells obtained from the American Type Culture Collection were seeded on E-Plates®, and after 24 hours, 3 different doses of melatonin (100 pM, 100 nM, and 100 μM) and oxyresveratrol (10 μM, 25 μM, and 50 μM) were added. Real-time cell index data was acquired by using xCELLigence® device for 72 hours and inhibitor concentration (IC50) values of experimental groups were obtained. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the cell index values.

Results: In comparison with the control group; oxyresveratrol 10 μM and melatonin 100 pM groups increased proliferation whereas oxyresveratrol 25 μM, oxyresveratrol 50 μM, and melatonin 100 μM groups induced cytotoxicity (P < .05). IC50 values at 24th, 48th, and 72th hours were 946 nM, 1220 nM, and 1243 nM for melatonin and 23 μM, 22.2 μM, and 22.5 μM for oxyresveratrol, respectively.

Conclusion: Cytotoxicity of melatonin was higher than oxyresveratrol and they both increased dental pulp stem cells' proliferation at lower doses and induced cytotoxicity at higher doses.