Pub Date : 2020-02-13DOI: 10.2174/1876386302013010001
M. Firoozi, S. Rouhi
To manage chronic pain, in addition to medical interventions, several psychological treatments have been designed. In couple therapy based on mindfulness, in addition to the patients, their spouses, who care for the patients, were involved. The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of couple therapy based on mindfulness to improve life satisfaction and pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic pain.
{"title":"Couple Therapy Based on Mindfulness to Improve the Satisfaction of Life and Pain Self-Efficacy in Patients with Chronic Pain.","authors":"M. Firoozi, S. Rouhi","doi":"10.2174/1876386302013010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386302013010001","url":null,"abstract":"To manage chronic pain, in addition to medical interventions, several psychological treatments have been designed. In couple therapy based on mindfulness, in addition to the patients, their spouses, who care for the patients, were involved. The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of couple therapy based on mindfulness to improve life satisfaction and pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43247310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-15DOI: 10.2174/1876386301912010019
Muralidar Vakkapatti, T. Shenoy, Sonal Bhat
After approval from Institutional Ethical Committee, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, 60 patients of age group 0-3 years, either sex of ASA physical status 1 and 2 undergoing infraumbilical surgeries were chosen after written parental consent and were randomised into 2 groups of 30 each L and LF using computer generated block randomisation to receive caudal blocks. Post operatively assessed for pain using CHIPPS scale at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours and compared in both groups.
{"title":"Comparison of a Combination of Caudal Levobupivacaine with Fentanyl and Levobupivacaine Alone for Alleviating Postoperative Pain During Infraumbilical Procedures in Children Under 3 Years","authors":"Muralidar Vakkapatti, T. Shenoy, Sonal Bhat","doi":"10.2174/1876386301912010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301912010019","url":null,"abstract":"After approval from Institutional Ethical Committee, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, 60 patients of age group 0-3 years, either sex of ASA physical status 1 and 2 undergoing infraumbilical surgeries were chosen after written parental consent and were randomised into 2 groups of 30 each L and LF using computer generated block randomisation to receive caudal blocks. Post operatively assessed for pain using CHIPPS scale at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours and compared in both groups.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48202609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.2174/1876386301912010011
Kerui Gong, Qing Lin
Our previous studies indicated that retrograde signaling initiating from the spinal cord was mediated by the plasticity of Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons. Both retrograde signaling and neuronal plasticity contributed to neurogenic inflammation, which were modulated by the activity of Satellite Glial Cells (SGCs). Thus, we want to know whether retrograde signaling is involved in the hypersensitivity of nociceptive afferents, and whether this process is affected by the plasticity of DRG neurons and glia. The study aims to examine if retrograde signaling can induce hypersensitivity of primary afferent nociceptors and if hypersensitivity involves glial modulation. Antidromic Electrical Stimulation (ES) of dorsal roots was used to mimic retrograde signaling activity. C- primary nociceptive afferent activity was recorded for testing the effect of antidromic ES. In a separate group, intradermal capsaicin injection to the ipsilateral hindpaw was used to prime DRG nociceptive neurons. For the third group, a glial inhibitor, minocycline, was pre-administered to test glial modulation in this process. Antidromic ES sensitized the responses of C-fibers to nociceptive mechanical stimuli. For rats subjected to intradermal capsaicin injection, C fibers experienced more drastic sensitization induced by antidromic ES, shown as a greater response and longer duration, implying that sensitization correlates with the activation of DRG neurons. Minocycline pretreatment significantly blocked the priming effect of capsaicin on C-fiber sensitization induced by antidromic ES, indicating the involvement of SGCs in DRG neuronal sensitization. Retrograde signaling may be one of the important mechanisms in neurogenic inflammation-mediated nociception, and this process is subjected to satellite glial modulation.
{"title":"Minocycline Inhibits the Enhanced Antidromic Stimulation-induced Sensitization of C-Fibers Following Intradermal Capsaicin Injection","authors":"Kerui Gong, Qing Lin","doi":"10.2174/1876386301912010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301912010011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Our previous studies indicated that retrograde signaling initiating from the spinal cord was mediated by the plasticity of Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons. Both retrograde signaling and neuronal plasticity contributed to neurogenic inflammation, which were modulated by the activity of Satellite Glial Cells (SGCs). Thus, we want to know whether retrograde signaling is involved in the hypersensitivity of nociceptive afferents, and whether this process is affected by the plasticity of DRG neurons and glia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study aims to examine if retrograde signaling can induce hypersensitivity of primary afferent nociceptors and if hypersensitivity involves glial modulation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Antidromic Electrical Stimulation (ES) of dorsal roots was used to mimic retrograde signaling activity. C- primary nociceptive afferent activity was recorded for testing the effect of antidromic ES. In a separate group, intradermal capsaicin injection to the ipsilateral hindpaw was used to prime DRG nociceptive neurons. For the third group, a glial inhibitor, minocycline, was pre-administered to test glial modulation in this process.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Antidromic ES sensitized the responses of C-fibers to nociceptive mechanical stimuli. For rats subjected to intradermal capsaicin injection, C fibers experienced more drastic sensitization induced by antidromic ES, shown as a greater response and longer duration, implying that sensitization correlates with the activation of DRG neurons.\u0000 Minocycline pretreatment significantly blocked the priming effect of capsaicin on C-fiber sensitization induced by antidromic ES, indicating the involvement of SGCs in DRG neuronal sensitization.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Retrograde signaling may be one of the important mechanisms in neurogenic inflammation-mediated nociception, and this process is subjected to satellite glial modulation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49311004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1876386301912010006
Hakimeh Sheykhasadi, A. Abbaszadeh, Homira Bonakdar, F. Salmani, A. Tavan, N. Sedri
One of the forms of ost-operative care after open heart surgery is controlling the pain resulting from chest tube insertion. Management of pain is considered vital and requires the awareness of health care providers. One of the main responsibilities of nurses is to prepare patients for invasive procedures such as the removal of the chest tube. This study was designed to analyze the impact of a loved one’s voice for distraction in patients undergoing open heart surgery.This study was a clinical trial. The research sample was randomly selected from patients undergoing open heart surgery. In this study, the number of samples for each group was considered to be 64 people, where the total number of samples was 128 people. The data collection tools included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessment tool and a researcher-made questionnaire. After selecting the eligible samples and obtaining the informed consent, each patient was randomly assigned to one of the two groups (intervention group and control group). The pain was measured before, immediately, and 10 minutes after removing the chest tube.The findings of this study indicated that the two groups had no statistically significant differences in pain before chest tube removal. The mean pain during chest tube removal and 10 minutes later in both groups indicated a significant difference based on Mann-Whitney test (P<0.001).This study showed that a loved one’s voice is effective in reducing pain during chest tube removal after open heart surgery.
{"title":"The Effect of Distraction with a Loved One’s Voice on Pain Reduction While Extracting the Chest Tube after Open Heart Surgery","authors":"Hakimeh Sheykhasadi, A. Abbaszadeh, Homira Bonakdar, F. Salmani, A. Tavan, N. Sedri","doi":"10.2174/1876386301912010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301912010006","url":null,"abstract":"One of the forms of ost-operative care after open heart surgery is controlling the pain resulting from chest tube insertion. Management of pain is considered vital and requires the awareness of health care providers. One of the main responsibilities of nurses is to prepare patients for invasive procedures such as the removal of the chest tube. This study was designed to analyze the impact of a loved one’s voice for distraction in patients undergoing open heart surgery.This study was a clinical trial. The research sample was randomly selected from patients undergoing open heart surgery. In this study, the number of samples for each group was considered to be 64 people, where the total number of samples was 128 people. The data collection tools included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessment tool and a researcher-made questionnaire. After selecting the eligible samples and obtaining the informed consent, each patient was randomly assigned to one of the two groups (intervention group and control group). The pain was measured before, immediately, and 10 minutes after removing the chest tube.The findings of this study indicated that the two groups had no statistically significant differences in pain before chest tube removal. The mean pain during chest tube removal and 10 minutes later in both groups indicated a significant difference based on Mann-Whitney test (P<0.001).This study showed that a loved one’s voice is effective in reducing pain during chest tube removal after open heart surgery.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45620347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-19DOI: 10.2174/1876386301912010001
Y. Siahaan, V. Hartoyo
Sacroiliac joint pain has been one of the most common causes of lower back pain, regardless of gender. Diminished pain after an anaesthetic block has been the only gold standard diagnostic procedure, making the diagnosis become challenging due to the needs of fluoroscopic procedure. Thus, a study to find predisposing factors of sacroiliac joint pain is pivotal for primary prevention and prognosis predictor. Our study aims to find predisposing factors of sacroiliac joint pain in Indonesian patients. We conducted a prospective study on patients with a chief complaint of lower back pain whose pain diminished after anaesthetic block. We found 99 subjects, with a male to female ratio of 1:2.19, aged from 21 to 75 years old (mean: 42.88). In addition to multiparous pregnancy and obesity, office-based occupation and prolonged sitting duration are also becoming major predisposing factors of sacroiliac joint pain (50.5% and 51.51% respectively). We also found majority of the patients with a history of vertical trauma with the onset of pain 1 year post trauma. We found some factors that can be considered to trigger sacroiliac joint pain that are: female gender, advancing age, pregnancy history, long sitting duration and office worker occupation.
{"title":"Sacroiliac Joint Pain: A Study of Predisposing Factors in an Indonesian Hospital","authors":"Y. Siahaan, V. Hartoyo","doi":"10.2174/1876386301912010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301912010001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Sacroiliac joint pain has been one of the most common causes of lower back pain, regardless of gender. Diminished pain after an anaesthetic block has been the only gold standard diagnostic procedure, making the diagnosis become challenging due to the needs of fluoroscopic procedure. Thus, a study to find predisposing factors of sacroiliac joint pain is pivotal for primary prevention and prognosis predictor.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study aims to find predisposing factors of sacroiliac joint pain in Indonesian patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a prospective study on patients with a chief complaint of lower back pain whose pain diminished after anaesthetic block.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We found 99 subjects, with a male to female ratio of 1:2.19, aged from 21 to 75 years old (mean: 42.88). In addition to multiparous pregnancy and obesity, office-based occupation and prolonged sitting duration are also becoming major predisposing factors of sacroiliac joint pain (50.5% and 51.51% respectively). We also found majority of the patients with a history of vertical trauma with the onset of pain 1 year post trauma.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We found some factors that can be considered to trigger sacroiliac joint pain that are: female gender, advancing age, pregnancy history, long sitting duration and office worker occupation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42526193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1876386301811010041
Hanan El-Tumi, Mark I. Johnson, O. Tashani
Ageing is associated with alterations of the structure and function of somatosensory tissue that can impact on pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and pain sensitivity responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli in healthy adults. 56 unpaid volunteers (28 women) aged between 20 and 55 years were categorised according to age into one of seven possible groups. The following measurements were taken: thermal detection thresholds, heat pain threshold and tolerance using a TSA-II NeuroSensory Analyzer; pressure pain threshold using a handheld electronic pressure algometer; and cold pressor pain threshold, tolerance, intensity and unpleasantness. There was a positive correlation between heat pain tolerance and age (r = 0.228, P = 0.046), but no statistically significant differences between age groups for cold or warm detection thresholds, or heat pain threshold or tolerance. Forward regression found increasing age to be a predictor of increased pressure pain threshold (B = 0.378, P = 0.002), and sex/gender to be a predictor of cold pressor pain tolerance, with women having lower tolerance than men (B = -0.332, P = 0.006). The findings of this experimental study provide further evidence that pressure pain threshold increases with age and that women have lower thresholds and tolerances to innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli. The findings demonstrate that variations in pain sensitivity response to experimental stimuli in adults vary according to stimulus modality, age and sex and gender.
{"title":"An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Age and Sex/Gender on Pain Sensitivity in Healthy Human Participants","authors":"Hanan El-Tumi, Mark I. Johnson, O. Tashani","doi":"10.2174/1876386301811010041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301811010041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Ageing is associated with alterations of the structure and function of somatosensory tissue that can impact on pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and pain sensitivity responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli in healthy adults.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 56 unpaid volunteers (28 women) aged between 20 and 55 years were categorised according to age into one of seven possible groups. The following measurements were taken: thermal detection thresholds, heat pain threshold and tolerance using a TSA-II NeuroSensory Analyzer; pressure pain threshold using a handheld electronic pressure algometer; and cold pressor pain threshold, tolerance, intensity and unpleasantness.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a positive correlation between heat pain tolerance and age (r = 0.228, P = 0.046), but no statistically significant differences between age groups for cold or warm detection thresholds, or heat pain threshold or tolerance. Forward regression found increasing age to be a predictor of increased pressure pain threshold (B = 0.378, P = 0.002), and sex/gender to be a predictor of cold pressor pain tolerance, with women having lower tolerance than men (B = -0.332, P = 0.006).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings of this experimental study provide further evidence that pressure pain threshold increases with age and that women have lower thresholds and tolerances to innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The findings demonstrate that variations in pain sensitivity response to experimental stimuli in adults vary according to stimulus modality, age and sex and gender.\u0000","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47605271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1876386301811010031
Celina A. Salcido, M. K. Geltmeier, P. Fuchs
Pain is a multidimensional experience that motivates organisms to engage in behavioral repertoire to deal with potential life-threatening situations that are a threat to homeostatic function. The aim of this mini-review was to highlight the nature of pain, the role that pain has as a motivational drive to impact higher-order cognitive processes, such as decision making, and how these processes are intimately integrated with homeostatic mechanisms.Both conceptual and neurobiological overlap suggest a close interaction of decision-making, pain, and homeostasis. Pain, decision-making and homeostasis are interconnected through a common denominator of survival and must be considered when assessing pain-related issues and treatments.
{"title":"Pain and Decision-Making: Interrelated Through Homeostasis","authors":"Celina A. Salcido, M. K. Geltmeier, P. Fuchs","doi":"10.2174/1876386301811010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301811010031","url":null,"abstract":"Pain is a multidimensional experience that motivates organisms to engage in behavioral repertoire to deal with potential life-threatening situations that are a threat to homeostatic function. The aim of this mini-review was to highlight the nature of pain, the role that pain has as a motivational drive to impact higher-order cognitive processes, such as decision making, and how these processes are intimately integrated with homeostatic mechanisms.Both conceptual and neurobiological overlap suggest a close interaction of decision-making, pain, and homeostasis. Pain, decision-making and homeostasis are interconnected through a common denominator of survival and must be considered when assessing pain-related issues and treatments.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44798514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-24DOI: 10.2174/1876386301811010021
K. Kempf, M. Röhling, E. Darwish, Stephan Martin, S. Jander, J. Herdmann, S. Stehr-Zirngibl
Chronic sciatica is a common pathology with a lifetime prevalence of 84%. Current therapy options are inadequate or not long-lasting. Evaluation of short-term application of High-Tone Electrical Muscle Stimulation (HTEMS) compared to Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) with chronic sciatica. Patients (n=100, (mean±SD) age=57±14 years, sex=42% male) with chronic sciatica were randomly assigned into two groups treated with either HTEMS or TENS. Each treatment was administered for a period of 45 min per day, 5 times within 7 days, with a 7-day wash-out period before crossover. A 5-day average of sciatic pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after intervention. Drug administration was stable during the study. Before crossover, pain intensity was significantly reduced by the HTEMS treatment (56±21 (60 [50-70]) to 45±21 (50 [30-60]) mm VAS; p<0.001), while no improvement occurred with TENS (59±19 (60 [50-70]) to 56±19 (60 [45-79]) mm VAS). After crossover, significant pain reduction was observed in both groups (both p <0.01) and did not differ between both groups after the whole intervention. HTEMS showed a higher potential for short-term reduction of pain than TENS and might offer new a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic sciatica.
{"title":"High-Tone External Muscle Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Sciatica – A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial","authors":"K. Kempf, M. Röhling, E. Darwish, Stephan Martin, S. Jander, J. Herdmann, S. Stehr-Zirngibl","doi":"10.2174/1876386301811010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301811010021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Chronic sciatica is a common pathology with a lifetime prevalence of 84%. Current therapy options are inadequate or not long-lasting.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Evaluation of short-term application of High-Tone Electrical Muscle Stimulation (HTEMS) compared to Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) with chronic sciatica.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Patients (n=100, (mean±SD) age=57±14 years, sex=42% male) with chronic sciatica were randomly assigned into two groups treated with either HTEMS or TENS. Each treatment was administered for a period of 45 min per day, 5 times within 7 days, with a 7-day wash-out period before crossover. A 5-day average of sciatic pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and after intervention. Drug administration was stable during the study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Before crossover, pain intensity was significantly reduced by the HTEMS treatment (56±21 (60 [50-70]) to 45±21 (50 [30-60]) mm VAS; p<0.001), while no improvement occurred with TENS (59±19 (60 [50-70]) to 56±19 (60 [45-79]) mm VAS). After crossover, significant pain reduction was observed in both groups (both p <0.01) and did not differ between both groups after the whole intervention.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 HTEMS showed a higher potential for short-term reduction of pain than TENS and might offer new a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic sciatica.\u0000","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46492641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-28DOI: 10.2174/1876386301811010012
C. Gaul, A. Eschalier
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most widely used Over-The-Counter (OTC) analgesics for the self-treatment of mild to moderate acute pain. Different dosages are used in different countries and, in some of them, a large proportion of adults are using low doses (325 mg to 500 mg).The objective of the study was to review information from published research studies to answer the question: is there a dose-dependent analgesic effect of paracetamol in the treatment of mild to moderate acute pain?A detailed assessment of available systematic reviews, meta-analyses and single randomised trials was undertaken based on an electronic literature search focusing on studies comparing higher and lower doses of paracetamol in the management of mild to moderate acute pain.Reviews and comparative trials generally showed greater efficacy with higher dose paracetamol (1000 mg) than with lower doses (500 mg or 650 mg) in achieving clinically significant pain relief with comparable tolerability in different types of pain.The nature and intensity of the pain are two key elements of the therapeutic choice.Higher dose immediate-release paracetamol (1000 mg), used for a short duration of time (4-5 days) and adhering to recommendations within the label for risk groups, delivers safe and more effective analgesia than lower doses for adults with mild to moderate acute pain.• Paracetamol is one of the most widely used OTC analgesics for the self- treatment of mild to moderate acute pain and this study aims to explore the practical question of whether the use of low doses, which is common in some countries, provides suboptimal pain relief.• This review provides an overview of previous studies focusing on comparing the analgesic efficacy of different doses of paracetamol rather than comparing the effect of different OTC analgesics.• This review details a narrative assessment of available systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomised trials but does not offer a quantitative analysis of pain relief achieved with different doses of paracetamol.• The review does not provide an overview of studies focusing on different forms of paracetamol.• The focus for this review is immediate release paracetamol. Combined and slow release paracetamol formulations were not considered of relevance. The latter are in the process of being suspended across the European Union due to safety concerns with overdosing [1].
{"title":"Dose Can Help to Achieve Effective Pain Relief for Acute Mild to Moderate Pain with Over-the-Counter Paracetamol","authors":"C. Gaul, A. Eschalier","doi":"10.2174/1876386301811010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301811010012","url":null,"abstract":"Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most widely used Over-The-Counter (OTC) analgesics for the self-treatment of mild to moderate acute pain. Different dosages are used in different countries and, in some of them, a large proportion of adults are using low doses (325 mg to 500 mg).The objective of the study was to review information from published research studies to answer the question: is there a dose-dependent analgesic effect of paracetamol in the treatment of mild to moderate acute pain?A detailed assessment of available systematic reviews, meta-analyses and single randomised trials was undertaken based on an electronic literature search focusing on studies comparing higher and lower doses of paracetamol in the management of mild to moderate acute pain.Reviews and comparative trials generally showed greater efficacy with higher dose paracetamol (1000 mg) than with lower doses (500 mg or 650 mg) in achieving clinically significant pain relief with comparable tolerability in different types of pain.The nature and intensity of the pain are two key elements of the therapeutic choice.Higher dose immediate-release paracetamol (1000 mg), used for a short duration of time (4-5 days) and adhering to recommendations within the label for risk groups, delivers safe and more effective analgesia than lower doses for adults with mild to moderate acute pain.• Paracetamol is one of the most widely used OTC analgesics for the self- treatment of mild to moderate acute pain and this study aims to explore the practical question of whether the use of low doses, which is common in some countries, provides suboptimal pain relief.• This review provides an overview of previous studies focusing on comparing the analgesic efficacy of different doses of paracetamol rather than comparing the effect of different OTC analgesics.• This review details a narrative assessment of available systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomised trials but does not offer a quantitative analysis of pain relief achieved with different doses of paracetamol.• The review does not provide an overview of studies focusing on different forms of paracetamol.• The focus for this review is immediate release paracetamol. Combined and slow release paracetamol formulations were not considered of relevance. The latter are in the process of being suspended across the European Union due to safety concerns with overdosing [1].","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45664558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.2174/1876386301811010001
R. Astita, O. Tashani, Carole A Paley, D. Sharp, Mark I. Johnson
The relationship between obesity and pain remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether response to experimentally-evoked pain differed between obese and non-obese individuals. Studies that compared responses to experimentally-evoked pain between obese and non-obese human participants post-puberty (i.e.>16 years) were sought. Eligible studies published between January 1950 and May 2017 were identified by searching OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Science Direct.Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the ‘QualSyst’ questionnaire. Of 1106 references identified only nine studies (683 participants) were eligible for review. Pressure pain was assessed in five studies and electrical pain in three studies. Two studies investigated thermal pain. Obesity was categorized according to body mass index (BMI) or as weight as a percentage of ideal body weight. Six of the nine included studies were of low methodological quality. There was a lack of extractable data to pool for meta-analysis of studies using thermal or electrical pain. A forest plot of data extracted from four studies on pressure pain threshold found no differences between obese and non-obese groups (overall effect size was Z=0.57, p=0.57).Small sample size was the main limitation in all studies. Participants with obesity were more sensitive to mechanical noxious stimuli than non-obese participants in three of five studies. However, overall, it was not possible to determine whether there are differences in pain sensitivity response to experimental stimuli between obese and non-obese individuals.
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